{"id":104459,"date":"2022-06-21T15:36:41","date_gmt":"2022-06-21T13:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/facebook-predstavil-mehanizm-tmo-pozvolyayushhij-ekonomit-20-32-pamyati-na-serverah"},"modified":"2022-06-21T15:36:41","modified_gmt":"2022-06-21T13:36:42","slug":"facebook-predstavil-mehanizm-tmo-pozvolyayushhij-ekonomit-20-32-pamyati-na-serverah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/news\/facebook-predstavil-mehanizm-tmo-pozvolyayushhij-ekonomit-20-32-pamyati-na-serverah","title":{"rendered":"Facebook har presenterat mekanismen TMO, som g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt att spara 20-32 % av minnet p\u00e5 servrar.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Ingenj\u00f6rer fr\u00e5n Facebook (f\u00f6rbjudet i Ryssland) har publicerat en rapport om inf\u00f6randet av teknologin TMO (Transparent Memory Offloading) f\u00f6rra \u00e5ret, vilket m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r betydande minnesbesparingar p\u00e5 servrar genom att flytta sekund\u00e4ra data som inte kr\u00e4vs f\u00f6r uppgiften till billigare lagringsenheter, s\u00e5som NVMe SSD-enheter. Enligt Facebook g\u00f6r anv\u00e4ndningen av TMO det m\u00f6jligt att spara mellan 20 och 32 % RAM-minne p\u00e5 varje server. L\u00f6sningen \u00e4r avsedd f\u00f6r infrastrukturer d\u00e4r applikationer k\u00f6rs i isolerade containrar. K\u00e4rnkomponenterna f\u00f6r TMO \u00e4r redan inkluderade i Linux-k\u00e4rnan. <\/p>\n

P\u00e5 k\u00e4rnans sida s\u00e4kerst\u00e4lls funktionen av PSI (Pressure Stall Information), som levereras fr\u00e5n version 4.20. PSI anv\u00e4nds redan i olika hanterare av minnesbrist och m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r analys av information om v\u00e4ntetid f\u00f6r att f\u00e5 olika resurser (CPU, minne, in-\/utmatning). Genom PSI kan hanterare i anv\u00e4ndarrummet mer noggrant bed\u00f6ma systemets belastningsniv\u00e5 och karakt\u00e4ren av nedbromsning, vilket g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt att identifiera avvikelser i ett tidigt skede n\u00e4r de fortfarande inte p\u00e5tagligt p\u00e5verkar prestandan. <\/p>\n

I anv\u00e4ndarrummet st\u00f6ds TMO av komponenten Senpai, som genom cgroup2 dynamiskt justerar minnesbegr\u00e4nsningen f\u00f6r applikationscontainrar baserat p\u00e5 data som erh\u00e5llits fr\u00e5n PSI. Senpai analyserar tecken p\u00e5 att resurser b\u00f6rjar bli otillr\u00e4ckliga genom PSI, bed\u00f6mer applikationernas k\u00e4nslighet f\u00f6r f\u00f6rdr\u00f6jning i minnes\u00e5tkomst och f\u00f6rs\u00f6ker best\u00e4mma den minimala n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndiga minnesstorleken f\u00f6r containern, d\u00e4r de data som kr\u00e4vs f\u00f6r arbetet f\u00f6rblir i RAM-minnet, medan tillh\u00f6rande data som sparats i filcachen eller f\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande inte anv\u00e4nds, flyttas till v\u00e4xlingsutrymmet.

\"Facebook<\/center> <\/p>\n

S\u00e5ledes handlar TMO om att h\u00e5lla processer p\u00e5 en strikt diett n\u00e4r det kommer till minnesanv\u00e4ndning, genom att tvinga fram flyttning av outnyttjade minnessidor till v\u00e4xlingsutrymmet, d\u00e4r utbytet inte m\u00e4rkbart p\u00e5verkar prestandan (till exempel sidor med kod som endast anv\u00e4nds vid initiering samt data som anv\u00e4nds enskilt i diskens cache). Till skillnad fr\u00e5n utbyte av information till v\u00e4xlingsutrymmet som svar p\u00e5 minnesbrist, sker datautbyte i TMO baserat p\u00e5 proaktiv prognostisering. <\/p>\n

Som ett av kriterierna f\u00f6r utbyte anv\u00e4nds avsaknad av \u00e5tkomst till en minnessida under 5 minuter. S\u00e5dana sidor kallas kalla (cold memory page) och utg\u00f6r i genomsnitt cirka 35% av applikationernas minne (beroende p\u00e5 typen av applikationer kan spridningen variera mellan 19% och 65%). Vid utbytet beaktas aktiviteten relaterad till anonyma minnessidor (minne som tilldelas av applikationen) samt minne som anv\u00e4nds vid filcache (som tilldelas av k\u00e4rnan). I vissa applikationer \u00e4r den huvudsakliga f\u00f6rbrukningen kopplad till anonymt minne, medan filcache kan ha stor betydelse i andra. F\u00f6r att undvika obalans vid utbyte av minne till cache anv\u00e4nder TMO en ny v\u00e4xlingsalgoritm som proportionellt byter ut anonyma sidor och sidor relaterade till filcache. <\/p>\n

Utbyte av s\u00e4llan anv\u00e4nda sidor till l\u00e5ngsammare minne p\u00e5verkar inte prestandan n\u00e4mnv\u00e4rt, men g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt att avsev\u00e4rt minska kostnaderna f\u00f6r h\u00e5rdvara. Data flyttas till SSD-enheter eller till ett kompakt v\u00e4xlingsomr\u00e5de i RAM-minnet. N\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller kostnaden f\u00f6r att lagra en byte data \u00e4r anv\u00e4ndningen av NVMe SSD upp till 10 g\u00e5nger billigare \u00e4n anv\u00e4ndningen av komprimering i RAM-minnet.

\"Facebook<\/center>
\n
K\u00e4lla: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Facebook (\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u0424) \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 TMO (Transparent Memory Offloading), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0448\u0451\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a NVMe SSD-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0435 Facebook, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 TMO \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 20 \u0434\u043e 32% […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":104460,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Facebook presenterade TMO-mekanismen, som g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt att spara 20-32% minne p\u00e5 servrar | ProHoster","description":"Ingenj\u00f6rer fr\u00e5n Facebook (f\u00f6rbjudet i RF) publicerade en rapport om inf\u00f6randet av TMO-teknologin (Transparent Memory Offloading) f\u00f6rra \u00e5ret, vilket m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r betydande besparingar av RAM-minne p\u00e5 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\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0418\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Facebook (\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u0424) \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 TMO (Transparent Memory Offloading), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/news\/facebook-predstavil-mehanizm-tmo-pozvolyayushhij-ekonomit-20-32-pamyati-na-serverah","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2022-06-21T13:36:42+00:00","article:modified_time":"2022-06-21T13:36:42+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"104459","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2022-06-21 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