{"id":105238,"date":"2022-10-02T15:36:41","date_gmt":"2022-10-02T13:36:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/razrabotchiki-debian-utverdili-postavku-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-ustanovochnyh-nositelyah"},"modified":"2022-10-02T15:36:41","modified_gmt":"2022-10-02T13:36:41","slug":"razrabotchiki-debian-utverdili-postavku-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-ustanovochnyh-nositelyah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/news\/razrabotchiki-debian-utverdili-postavku-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-ustanovochnyh-nositelyah","title":{"rendered":"Debian-utvecklarna har godk\u00e4nt leverans av propriet\u00e4ra firmware p\u00e5 installationsmedier.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Resultaten fr\u00e5n den allm\u00e4nna omr\u00f6stningen (GR, allm\u00e4n resolution) av utvecklarna i Debian-projektet har publicerats. Omr\u00f6stningen g\u00e4llde fr\u00e5gan om att inkludera propriet\u00e4ra firmware i de officiella installationsavbilderna och live-versionerna. Den femte punkten \"\u00c4ndra den offentliga licensen f\u00f6r att includera icke-fria firmware i installationsprogrammet med enhetliga installationspaket\" vann omr\u00f6stningen.    <\/p>\n<p>Det valda alternativet inneb\u00e4r en f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring av det offentliga avtalet (Debian Social Contract), som definierar grundprinciperna f\u00f6r projektet och projektets ansvar gentemot gemenskapen. I den femte punkten av det offentliga avtalet, som handlar om kraven f\u00f6r efterlevnad av standarder f\u00f6r fri programvara, kommer en anm\u00e4rkning att l\u00e4ggas till, som anger att officiella Debian-media kan inkludera firmware som inte \u00e4r en del av Debian-systemet, om det \u00e4r n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndigt f\u00f6r att distribuera programvaran p\u00e5 h\u00e5rdvara som kr\u00e4ver s\u00e5dan firmware.    <\/p>\n<p>Paketen fr\u00e5n avsnittet \"non-free-firmware\" kommer att ing\u00e5 i de officiella installationsmedia och live-avbilderna av Debian, d\u00e4r komponenter relaterade till firmware tagits bort fr\u00e5n non-free-repot. Om det finns h\u00e5rdvara som kr\u00e4ver extern firmware, kommer anv\u00e4ndning av de n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndiga propriet\u00e4ra firmware att aktiveras som standard. F\u00f6r anv\u00e4ndare som f\u00f6redrar enbart fri programvara kommer det att finnas m\u00f6jlighet att st\u00e4nga av anv\u00e4ndningen av icke-fria firmware vid uppstart.     <\/p>\n<p>Dessutom kommer information om vilken typ av firmware som laddas att tillhandah\u00e5llas i installat\u00f6ren och live-bilden. Data om de anv\u00e4nda firmware kommer ocks\u00e5 att sparas i det installerade systemet s\u00e5 att anv\u00e4ndaren kan f\u00e5 information om de anv\u00e4nda firmware senare. Om firmware \u00e4r n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndiga f\u00f6r att h\u00e5rdvaran ska fungera efter installationen kommer systemet \u00e4ven som standard att f\u00f6resl\u00e5 att l\u00e4gga till non-free-firmware-repositoriet i filen sources.list, vilket g\u00f6r att uppdateringar av firmware med s\u00e4kerhetskorrigeringar och viktiga fel kan erh\u00e5llas. Bilder med propriet\u00e4r firmware kommer att levereras som officiella media, som kommer att ers\u00e4tta de tidigare erbjudna bilderna utan icke-fria firmware.          <\/p>\n<p>Fr\u00e5gan om leverans av firmware har blivit aktuell eftersom h\u00e5rdvarutillverkare allt oftare anv\u00e4nder externa firmware som laddas av operativsystemet, ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r att leverera firmware i den permanenta minnet p\u00e5 enheterna. S\u00e5dana externa firmware \u00e4r n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndiga f\u00f6r m\u00e5nga moderna grafiska, ljud- och n\u00e4tverksadaptrar. Samtidigt \u00e4r fr\u00e5gan om hur leverans av propriet\u00e4r firmware f\u00f6rh\u00e5ller sig till kravet p\u00e5 att endast leverera fri programvara i de grundl\u00e4ggande Debian-versionerna otydlig, eftersom firmware k\u00f6rs p\u00e5 h\u00e5rdvaruenheter och inte i systemet, och h\u00e4nf\u00f6r sig till sj\u00e4lva utrustningen. P\u00e5 moderna datorer, \u00e4ven de som \u00e4r utrustade med helt fria distributioner, k\u00f6rs firmware som \u00e4r inbyggd i h\u00e5rdvaran. Skillnaden \u00e4r bara att vissa firmware laddas av operativsystemet medan andra redan \u00e4r inbr\u00e4nda i ROM eller flashminnen.      <\/p>\n<p>Propriet\u00e4r firmware har fortfarande inte ing\u00e5tt i de officiella installationsavbildningarna av Debian och levereras i ett separat non-free-repository. Installationsversioner med propriet\u00e4r firmware har status som icke-officiella och sprids separat, vilket leder till f\u00f6rvirring och skapar sv\u00e5righeter f\u00f6r anv\u00e4ndare, eftersom det i m\u00e5nga fall \u00e4r m\u00f6jligt att uppn\u00e5 fullst\u00e4ndig funktionalitet f\u00f6r modern h\u00e5rdvara f\u00f6rst efter installation av propriet\u00e4r firmware. Projektet Debian har ocks\u00e5 hanterat f\u00f6rberedelse och underh\u00e5ll av p\u00e5 unofficial builds med propriet\u00e4r firmware, vilket kr\u00e4vde ytterligare resursf\u00f6rbrukning f\u00f6r att sammanst\u00e4lla, testa och publicera de oberoende versionerna som duplicerade de officiella.      <\/p>\n<p>Det har uppst\u00e5tt en situation d\u00e4r icke-officiella versioner \u00e4r mer \u00f6nskv\u00e4rda f\u00f6r anv\u00e4ndaren om han vill uppn\u00e5 normalt st\u00f6d f\u00f6r sin utrustning, medan installationen av de rekommenderade officiella versionerna ofta leder till problem med h\u00e5rdvarust\u00f6det. Dessutom hindrar anv\u00e4ndningen av oberoende versioner str\u00e4van efter att enbart leverera \u00f6ppen programvara och leder oavsiktligt till att propriet\u00e4r programvara blir mer popul\u00e4r, eftersom anv\u00e4ndaren tillsammans med firmware ocks\u00e5 f\u00e5r den anslutna non-free-repository med annan icke-fri programvara.<br \/>\n<br \/>K\u00e4lla: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=57859\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (GR, general resolution) \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Debian, \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0438 live-\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a. \u0412 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442 &#171;\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a&#187;. \u0412\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-105238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - 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