{"id":114955,"date":"2024-04-09T21:31:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-09T19:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/novyj-variant-ataki-bhi-na-cpu-intel-pozvolyayushhij-obojti-zashhitu-v-yadre-linux"},"modified":"2024-04-09T21:31:00","modified_gmt":"2024-04-09T19:31:00","slug":"novyj-variant-ataki-bhi-na-cpu-intel-pozvolyayushhij-obojti-zashhitu-v-yadre-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/news\/novyj-variant-ataki-bhi-na-cpu-intel-pozvolyayushhij-obojti-zashhitu-v-yadre-linux","title":{"rendered":"En ny attackmetod BHI mot Intel CPU:er som g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt att kringg\u00e5 skyddet i Linux-k\u00e4rnan","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0410\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430   \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 &#171;Native BHI&#187; (CVE-2024-2201), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 Intel \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435  \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043a  \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442-\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c.     <\/p>\n<p>Native BHI-metoden erbjuder en annan teknik f\u00f6r att utnyttja BHI-s\u00e5rbarheten (Branch History Injection, CVE-2022-0001), som kringg\u00e5r tidigare implementerade skydd. Den attackmetod f\u00f6r BHI som f\u00f6reslogs 2022 innebar utnyttjande av s\u00e5rbarheten p\u00e5 en enda privilegieniv\u00e5, d\u00e4r exploiten baserades p\u00e5 att en eBPF-program k\u00f6rdes av anv\u00e4ndaren i k\u00e4rnan. F\u00f6r att blockera s\u00e5rbarheten var det tillr\u00e4ckligt att begr\u00e4nsa \u00e5tkomsten till att k\u00f6ra eBPF-kod f\u00f6r vanliga anv\u00e4ndare.     <\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 Native BHI \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a  \u0435BPF \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0433\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432  &#8212;  \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043a \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 InSpectre Gadget, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 6.6-rc4 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b 1511 Spectre-\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 2105 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.      <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"En ny attackmetod BHI mot Intel CPU:er som g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt att kringg\u00e5 skyddet i Linux-k\u00e4rnan\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/93734194d4b9a6cfe5a62d7d73915d83.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>      <\/p>\n<p>Baserat p\u00e5 de hittade gadgets har forskarna f\u00f6rberett en exploit som ger m\u00f6jlighet att extrahera en str\u00e4ng med hash-v\u00e4rdet av root-anv\u00e4ndarens l\u00f6senord, h\u00e4mtat fr\u00e5n filen \/etc\/shadow, fr\u00e5n k\u00e4rnans buffertar. Datautvinningshastigheten fr\u00e5n k\u00e4rnans minne \u00e4r ungef\u00e4r 3,5 kB per sekund.      <center>  <div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"24HcE1rDMdo\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/24HcE1rDMdo\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Spela video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center>      <\/p>\n<p>BHI-metoden \u00e4r en ut\u00f6kad version av Spectre-v2-attacken, d\u00e4r f\u00f6r att kringg\u00e5 den tillagda skyddet (Intel eIBRS och Arm CSV2) och organisera datal\u00e4ckage anv\u00e4nds substituering av v\u00e4rden i en buffer f\u00f6r global historik av \u00f6verg\u00e5ngar (Branch History Buffer), som anv\u00e4nds i CPU:n f\u00f6r att \u00f6ka noggrannheten vid grenprediktion genom att ta h\u00e4nsyn till historien av tidigare \u00f6verg\u00e5ngar. Under attacken skapas f\u00f6rh\u00e5llanden f\u00f6r felaktig \u00f6verg\u00e5ngsprognos och spekulativ k\u00f6rning av n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndiga instruktioner genom manipulation av \u00f6verg\u00e5ngshistorien, vars resultat lagras i cachen.    <\/p>\n<p>Skillnaderna fr\u00e5n Spectre-v2 ang\u00e5r anv\u00e4ndningen av en historikbuffert (Branch History Buffer) ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r en grenadressbuffert (Branch Target Buffer). F\u00f6r att utvinna data fr\u00e5n minnet m\u00e5ste angriparen skapa f\u00f6rh\u00e5llanden d\u00e4r en spekulativ operation kommer att h\u00e4mta adressen fr\u00e5n det omr\u00e5de som beh\u00f6ver identifieras. Efter att den spekulativa indirekta \u00f6verg\u00e5ngen har utf\u00f6rts, kvarst\u00e5r den l\u00e4sta adressen i minnet i cache, varefter en av metoderna f\u00f6r att best\u00e4mma cacheinneh\u00e5llet kan till\u00e4mpas baserat p\u00e5 analys av f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar i \u00e5tkomsttiderna till cachade och icke-cachade data.     <\/p>\n<p>Angrepp av Native BHI skyddas inte av anv\u00e4ndningen av Intel IBT-instruktioner (Indirect Branch Tracking) samt den hybridmekanism f\u00f6r skydd av kommandostr\u00f6mmen FineIBT, som implementeras i Linux-k\u00e4rnan och kombinerar anv\u00e4ndningen av h\u00e5rdvaruinstruktioner IBT och mjukvaruskyddet kCFI (kernel Control Flow Integrity) f\u00f6r att blockera st\u00f6rningar i det normala utf\u00f6randet (control flow). FineIBT till\u00e5ter endast utf\u00f6rande av indirekta \u00f6verg\u00e5ngar om \u00f6verg\u00e5ngen leder till instruktionen ENDBR, som placeras i b\u00f6rjan av funktionen. Dessutom (liknande kCFI-mekanismen) utf\u00f6rs en hashkontroll f\u00f6r att garantera of\u00f6r\u00e4ndrad pekare.     <\/p>\n<p>F\u00f6r att skydda mot den nya varianten av angreppet har en f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring lagts till Linux-k\u00e4rnan som implementerar ett extra skyddsl\u00e4ge, som anv\u00e4nder de skyddsmekanismer som erbjuds av Intel (BHI_DIS_S) eller ett alternativt mjukvaruskydd som implementerats f\u00f6r att skydda hypervisorn. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"KVM\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4389\">KVM<\/a>. Utvecklarna av hypervisorn Xen har ocks\u00e5 sl\u00e4ppt en patch baserad p\u00e5 anv\u00e4ndningen av BHI_DIS_S-l\u00e4get, vilket begr\u00e4nsar f\u00f6ruts\u00e4gelser baserade p\u00e5 \u00f6verg\u00e5ngshistorik. St\u00f6det f\u00f6r BHI_DIS_S \u00e4r tillg\u00e4ngligt i processorer fr\u00e5n Intel Alder Lake och \u00e4ven i server-CPU:er fr\u00e5n Intel Sapphire Rapids. Det finns ocks\u00e5 ett mjukvaruskyddsl\u00e4ge som bygger p\u00e5 anv\u00e4ndningen av sekvenser f\u00f6r att rensa \u00f6verg\u00e5ngshistorikbufferten, men det leder till en mer p\u00e5taglig prestandaf\u00f6rlust.<br \/>\n<br \/>K\u00e4lla: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60963\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0410\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 &#171;Native BHI&#187; (CVE-2024-2201), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 Intel \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043a \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442-\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 Native BHI \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0443\u044e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":114956,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0410\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 &quot;Native BHI&quot; 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