{"id":121189,"date":"2024-12-31T15:46:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T13:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kollizii-v-sokrashhyonnyh-identifikatorah-kommitov-v-yadre-linux"},"modified":"2024-12-31T15:46:00","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T13:46:00","slug":"kollizii-v-sokrashhyonnyh-identifikatorah-kommitov-v-yadre-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/news\/kollizii-v-sokrashhyonnyh-identifikatorah-kommitov-v-yadre-linux","title":{"rendered":"Kollissioner i trunkerade commit-identiteter i Linux-k\u00e4rnan","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kees Cook, tidigare huvudsystemadministrat\u00f6r f\u00f6r kernel.org och ledare f\u00f6r Ubuntu Security Team, demonstrerade m\u00f6jligheten att skapa en commit med en f\u00f6rkortad identifierare som matchar en commit som tidigare lagts till i Linux-k\u00e4rnan. Experimentet genomf\u00f6rdes f\u00f6r att bekr\u00e4fta rimligheten av att \u00f6verg\u00e5 till 16-teckens f\u00f6rkortade identifierare f\u00f6r commits i Linux-k\u00e4rnan, som tidigare diskuterats i mailinglistan f\u00f6r k\u00e4rnans utvecklare, men inte godk\u00e4nts av Linus Torvalds.    <\/p>\n<p>F\u00f6rkortade identifierare f\u00f6r commits skapas genom att beh\u00e5lla de f\u00f6rsta 12 tecknen fr\u00e5n SHA-1-hashen (48 bitar av 160 bitar). Eftersom antalet objekt i k\u00e4rnan som identifieras via SHA-1-hashen har \u00f6verstigit 13 miljoner, har uppkomsten av kollisioner med bruk av 12-teckens prefix blivit en tidsfr\u00e5ga. Som exempel visas redan tillagda objekt i k\u00e4rnan som \u00f6verlappar med sina 11-teckens identifierare. Dessutom n\u00e4mns att kollisioner med 12-teckens identifierare redan har registrerats i oktober, men innan patchen skickades uppt\u00e4cktes detta av verktyget checkpatch.      <\/p>\n<p>F\u00f6rkortade identifierare anv\u00e4nds vid publicering av korta l\u00e4nkar till commits och anges \u00e4ven vid inskickandet av \u00e4ndringar i taggen &#171;Fixes&#187;, som en l\u00e4nk till commit d\u00e4r problemet \u00e5tg\u00e4rdades i den inskickade patchen (till exempel &#171;Fixes: e21d2170f366&#187;). F\u00f6rekomsten av kollisioner, d\u00e4r flera olika \u00e4ndringar kopplas till en och samma f\u00f6rkortad identifierare, kan leda till att verktyg f\u00f6r analys och kontroll av f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar, som beaktar inneh\u00e5llet i &#171;Fixes&#187;-taggarna, slutar fungera som de ska. Till exempel beaktas dessa taggar i handlern check_fixes, som till\u00e4mpas i grenen linux-next, samt i skript f\u00f6r analys av s\u00e4kerhetsfixar och sp\u00e5rning av patchers livscykel.      <\/p>\n<p>Linus Torvalds var skeptisk till f\u00f6rslaget att \u00f6ka den minimi storlek p\u00e5 f\u00f6rkortade identifierare, eftersom antalet commits i repositoryt faktiskt \u00e4r avsev\u00e4rt mindre \u00e4n antalet objekt (ungef\u00e4r 1\/8). Troligtvis om n\u00e5gra slumpm\u00e4ssiga kollisioner skulle intr\u00e4ffa, skulle de vara mellan en commit och objekt av n\u00e5gon annan typ (till exempel en blob eller en gren). Enligt hans \u00e5sikt \u00e4r f\u00f6rkortade identifierare just f\u00f6rkortade f\u00f6r att vara \u00f6versk\u00e5dliga, l\u00e4sbara och l\u00e4ttare att citera, och det finns f\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande inga objektiva sk\u00e4l att \u00f6ka deras storlek.     <\/p>\n<p>En av utvecklarna f\u00f6reslog att uppn\u00e5 en minskning av storleken genom att \u00f6ka antalet betydelsefulla bitar, genom att anv\u00e4nda ett nytt format baserat p\u00e5 Base36-kodning (tecken 0-9a-z) ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r hexadecimala siffror. Enligt Linus skulle en s\u00e5dan f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring skapa fler problem \u00e4n den l\u00f6ser. Till exempel skulle det kr\u00e4vas att l\u00e4gga till st\u00f6d f\u00f6r det nya formatet i befintliga verktyg och inf\u00f6ra ett formatidentifierare f\u00f6r att s\u00e4rskilja det gamla och det nya formatet.       <\/p>\n<p>F\u00f6r att demonstrera att problemet med f\u00f6rkortade identifierare inte \u00e4r teoretiskt och att en l\u00f6sning inte kan skjutas upp, formulerade Kees Cook en \u00e4ndring av k\u00e4rnans dokumentation, vars f\u00f6rkortade identifierare (1da177e4c3f4) \u00f6verensst\u00e4mde med identifieraren f\u00f6r committen som skapade k\u00e4rngrenen 2.6.12-rc2. Kollisionen lyckades hitta efter 6 timmars ber\u00e4kningar p\u00e5 ett system med GPU NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080.     <\/p>\n<p>Urvalet utf\u00f6rdes med hj\u00e4lp av verktyget lucky-commit &#8212; i texten f\u00f6r den aktuella patchen lades slumpm\u00e4ssiga mellanslag till tills den 12-teckens SHA-1-prefixen matchade redan existerande prefix f\u00f6r commits i k\u00e4rnan. Enligt Case \u00e4r det inte endast de slumpm\u00e4ssiga \u00f6verlapparna som utg\u00f6r ett problem, utan ocks\u00e5 m\u00f6jligheten att manipulera med f\u00f6rkortade identifierare i illvilliga syften, till exempel f\u00f6r att kringg\u00e5 vissa kontroller.<br \/>\n<br \/>K\u00e4lla: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62495\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u041a\u0443\u043a (Kees Cook), \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 kernel.org \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440 Ubuntu Security Team, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e Linux. \u042d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 16-\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 Linux, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u041a\u0443\u043a (Kees Cook), \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 kernel.org \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440 Ubuntu Security Team, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b 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demonstrerade m\u00f6jligheten att skapa en commit vars f\u00f6rkortade identifierare \u00f6verensst\u00e4mmer med en tidigare commit.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/news\/kollizii-v-sokrashhyonnyh-identifikatorah-kommitov-v-yadre-linux","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sv_SE","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 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