{"id":123511,"date":"2025-04-15T21:05:13","date_gmt":"2025-04-15T19:05:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kompaniya-oracle-opublikovala-yadro-unbreakable-enterprise-kernel-8"},"modified":"2026-02-08T18:56:02","modified_gmt":"2026-02-08T16:56:02","slug":"kompaniya-oracle-opublikovala-yadro-unbreakable-enterprise-kernel-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/news\/kompaniya-oracle-opublikovala-yadro-unbreakable-enterprise-kernel-8","title":{"rendered":"F\u00f6retaget Oracle har publicerat Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 8","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Oracle har lanserat den f\u00f6rsta stabila versionen av Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 8 (UEK R8), en Linux-k\u00e4rnvariant utvecklad f\u00f6r anv\u00e4ndning i Oracle Linux-distributionen som ett alternativ till den standardpaketerade k\u00e4rnan fr\u00e5n Red Hat Enterprise Linux. K\u00e4rnan \u00e4r endast tillg\u00e4nglig f\u00f6r x86_64- och ARM64-arkitekturer (aarch64). K\u00e4llkoden till k\u00e4rnan, inklusive uppdelningen i separata patchar, publicerades i Oracle's offentliga Git-repository.        <\/p>\n<p>Paketet Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 8 \u00e4r baserat p\u00e5 Linux-k\u00e4rnan 6.12 (utg\u00e5van UEK R7 var baserad p\u00e5 k\u00e4rna 5.4, och i beta-versionen av RHEL 10 erbj\u00f6ds k\u00e4rna 6.11), som kompletteras med nya funktioner, optimeringar och korrigeringar, samt kontrollerats f\u00f6r kompatibilitet med de flesta applikationer som k\u00f6rs p\u00e5 RHEL och optimerats f\u00f6r att fungera med Oracle's industriprogramvara och h\u00e5rdvara. Installations- och src-paket med UEK R8-k\u00e4rnan har f\u00f6rberetts f\u00f6r Oracle Linux 9.5 (det finns inga hinder f\u00f6r att anv\u00e4nda denna k\u00e4rna i motsvarande versioner av RHEL, CentOS, Alma Linux och Rocky Linux).       <\/p>\n<p>Nyckelinnovationer i Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 8:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Separeringen av UEK-k\u00e4rnkomponenterna har \u00e4ndrats till separata paket. K\u00e4rnmoduler har separerats fr\u00e5n den grundl\u00e4ggande k\u00e4rnbilden och flyttats till samlingar som levereras i separata paket: kernel-uek-modules-core (grundl\u00e4ggande minimum), kernel-uek-modules (f\u00f6r <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/server\/\"   title=\"servrar\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1678\">servrar<\/a>), kernel-uek-modules-desktop, kernel-uek-modules-extra-netfilter, kernel-uek-modules-usb och kernel-uek-modules-wireless. Relaterade verktyg har flyttats fr\u00e5n baspaketet kernel-uek-core till ett separat paket kernel-uek-tools. Konfigurationsfiler med en lista \u00f6ver moduler som inte f\u00e5r laddas har omd\u00f6pts fr\u00e5n 'blacklist' till 'denylist' som en del av initiativet att anv\u00e4nda inkluderande terminologi.\n<li class=\"l\"> F\u00f6r ARM Ampere-system som anv\u00e4nds i Oracle Cloud har en separat byggnad av k\u00e4rnan kernel-uek64k skapats, d\u00e4r den grundl\u00e4ggande sidstorleken har \u00f6kats fr\u00e5n 4 KB till 64 KB.\n<li class=\"l\"> St\u00f6d har lagts till f\u00f6r den h\u00e5rdvaruimplementation av Intel SGX2 (Software Guard Extensions) som tillhandah\u00e5ller EDMM (Enclave Dynamic Memory Management)-mekanismen, vilket m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r hantering av \u00e5tkomst till individuella minnessidor i en enclave och dynamisk till\u00e4gg\/avl\u00e4gsnande av minnessidor f\u00f6r en enclave.\n<li class=\"l\"> I Intel QAT-drivrutinen med st\u00f6d f\u00f6r enheter av Intel Quick Assist Technology (QAT) har st\u00f6d f\u00f6r den fj\u00e4rde generationen av Intel Xeon-processorer lagts till.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ett system f\u00f6r att identifiera split-locks ('split-lock') har lagts till, vilket uppst\u00e5r vid \u00e5tkomst till ojusterade data i minnet eftersom data vid utf\u00f6rande av en atomoperation korsar tv\u00e5 CPU-cache-linjer. S\u00e5dana l\u00e5s leder till en betydande nedg\u00e5ng i prestanda (1000 cykler l\u00e5ngsammare \u00e4n en atomoperation med data som hamnar i en cache-linje).\n<li class=\"l\"> En ny metod f\u00f6r att skydda mot s\u00e5rbarheten Retbleed i Intel- och AMD-CPU:er har implementerats, som anv\u00e4nder djupsp\u00e5rning av anrop, vilket inte saktar ner systemet lika mycket som den tidigare skyddsmekanismen mot Retbleed.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00e5 x86-system har samtidig aktivering av sekund\u00e4ra CPU-k\u00e4rnor s\u00e4kerst\u00e4llts, vilket har minskat nedladdningstiden f\u00f6r k\u00e4rnan p\u00e5 system med m\u00e5nga k\u00e4rnor.\n<li class=\"l\"> En parameter f\u00f6r k\u00e4rnans kommandorad 'ia32_emulation' har lagts till, vilket m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r aktivering och avaktivering av st\u00f6det f\u00f6r emulering av 32-bitarsl\u00e4ge under uppstart f\u00f6r k\u00e4rnor som \u00e4r byggda f\u00f6r arkitekturen x86-64.\n<li class=\"l\"> Som standard har schemal\u00e4ggaren CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) ersatts av EEVDF (Earliest Eligible Virtual Deadline First). Vid valet av n\u00e4sta process f\u00f6r exekvering beaktar den nya schemal\u00e4ggaren processer som har f\u00e5tt f\u00f6r lite CPU-resurser eller som har f\u00e5tt orimligt mycket processortid. I det f\u00f6rsta fallet tvingas kontrollen att \u00f6verl\u00e4mnas till processen, medan det i det andra fallet skjuts upp. Den gamla CFS-schemal\u00e4ggaren anv\u00e4nde heuristik och finjusteringar f\u00f6r att best\u00e4mma processer som kr\u00e4vde s\u00e4rskild uppm\u00e4rksamhet, medan den nya schemal\u00e4ggaren sp\u00e5rar dem mer direkt och kr\u00e4ver ingen finjustering. EEVDF kommer att minska f\u00f6rdr\u00f6jningar vid exekvering av uppgifter som CFS hade problem med vid schemal\u00e4ggning.\n<li class=\"l\"> Leveransen av det dynamiska fels\u00f6kningssystemet DTrace 2.0 har fortsatt, och har \u00f6verg\u00e5tt till att anv\u00e4nda k\u00e4rnans eBPF-subsystem. DTrace 2.0 k\u00f6rs ovanp\u00e5 eBPF, p\u00e5 liknande s\u00e4tt som befintliga sp\u00e5rningsverktyg i Linux fungerar.\n<li class=\"l\"> I KVM-hypervisorn \u00e4r det nu m\u00f6jligt att anv\u00e4nda upp till 4096 virtuella CPU:er (VCPU).\n<li class=\"l\"> Anv\u00e4ndningen av KTLS, en implementation av TLS-protokollet p\u00e5 k\u00e4rnniv\u00e5, forts\u00e4tter.\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementation of the RDRAND random number generator has been updated, which is responsible for the operation of the device \/dev\/random, now using the BLAKE2s hash function instead of SHA1 for entropy mixing operations. This change enhances the security of the random number generator. To speed up random number generation through the getrandom() system call, the vDSO (virtual dynamic shared object) mechanism has been utilized, moving the system call handler from the kernel to user space to avoid context switches.\n<li class=\"l\"> St\u00f6det f\u00f6r BIG TCP-till\u00e4gget har lagts till, vilket m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r att det maximala storleken p\u00e5 TCP-paketet \u00f6kas till 4 GB f\u00f6r att optimera prestandan i h\u00f6g hastighet inhemska datacenter n\u00e4tverk. Denna \u00f6kning av paketstorleken med 16-bitars f\u00e4ltstorlek i rubriken uppn\u00e5s genom implementering av 'jumbo'-paket, d\u00e4r storleken i IP-rubriken st\u00e4lls in p\u00e5 0, och den faktiska storleken \u00f6verf\u00f6rs i ett separat 32-bitars f\u00e4lt i en separat bifogad rubrik.\n<li class=\"l\"> An option SO_RESERVE_MEM has been implemented for network sockets, allowing a certain amount of memory to be reserved for the socket, which will always remain available and will not be reclaimed. Using this option improves performance by reducing the memory allocation and return operations in the network stack, especially under conditions of memory shortages in the system.\n<li class=\"l\"> Performance optimization of the fq (Fair Queuing) packet scheduler has been carried out, increasing throughput by 5% under heavy loads in the tcp_rr (TCP Request\/Response) test and by 13% in an uncontrolled flow of UDP packets.\n<li class=\"l\"> Reorganization of the kernel's network structures has been conducted to improve data caching efficiency by the processor, enhancing the performance of the TCP stack on systems handling a large number of concurrent requests.\n<li class=\"l\"> Support for ASMLib 3 has been added for automatic storage management in Oracle DBMS.\n<li class=\"l\"> Work has been carried out to optimize performance and enhance security for the io_uring asynchronous input\/output mechanism. io_uring-based optimizations for XFS and Ext4 file systems have been added, enabling parallel direct writing to a file in multiple threads.\n<li class=\"l\"> St\u00f6det f\u00f6r Btrfs-filsystemet har f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrats. F\u00f6r enheter som st\u00f6der trim\/discard har standardalternativet f\u00f6r montering 'discard=async' aktiverats, vilket m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r dessa operationer omedelbart f\u00f6r alla FS i asynkront l\u00e4ge. St\u00f6d f\u00f6r att skicka och ta emot komprimerade data utan omvandlingar har lagts till. St\u00f6d f\u00f6r skrivning i block \u00f6ver 64 KB har lagts till. Kvotehantering har f\u00f6renklats. Underst\u00f6d f\u00f6r montering av klonade enheter har genomf\u00f6rts. Skrivkontroller i NOCOW-l\u00e4get har f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrats (bandbredden har \u00f6kat med 9%). Alternativ f\u00f6r montering 'ignoremetacsums' och 'ignoresuperflags' har lagts till f\u00f6r att ignorera felaktiga kontrollsummor f\u00f6r metadata och superblocks-flaggor. Uppgifter f\u00f6r borttagning av enheter, balansering och omf\u00f6rdelning av block har genomf\u00f6rts i parallellt l\u00e4ge.\n<li class=\"l\"> I XFS-filsystemet \u00e4r anv\u00e4ndning av blockstorlek som \u00f6verskrider minnessidans storlek till\u00e5ten. Stora extentr\u00e4knare f\u00f6r mycket stora virtuella diskar har lagts till. En atom\u00e4r bekr\u00e4ftelsemetod (commit) f\u00f6r filinneh\u00e5ll har lagts till. En experimentell implementation av kontroll (fsck) och \u00e5terst\u00e4llning av FS i online-l\u00e4ge har f\u00f6reslagits.\n<li class=\"l\"> I NFS \u00e4r anv\u00e4ndningen av READ_PLUS-operationen, definierad i specifikationen NFS 4.2 och till\u00e4mpad f\u00f6r mer effektiv l\u00e4sning av data fr\u00e5n filer som inneh\u00e5ller h\u00e5l, aktiverad som standard.\n<li class=\"l\"> Minneshanteringssystemet har \u00f6verg\u00e5tt till anv\u00e4ndning av datakonstruktionen folios (folios av minnessidor). Folios liknar sammansatta minnessidor (compound pages), men har en f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrad semantik och en mer tydlig arbetsorganisation.\n<li class=\"l\"> F\u00f6r minnesmappningsoperationer anv\u00e4nds datakonstruktionen \"maple tree\", som positioneras som en mer effektiv ers\u00e4ttning f\u00f6r strukturen \"red-black tree\". Maple tree \u00e4r en variant av B-tree som st\u00f6der indexering efter v\u00e4rdeintervall och \u00e4r designad f\u00f6r att effektivt anv\u00e4nda cache. <a href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/server\/dts-riga\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"371\">moderna processorer<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> I mmap har l\u00e5s p\u00e5 niv\u00e5n f\u00f6r individuella VMA (Virtual Memory Area) realiserats, vilket g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt att \u00f6ka prestandan f\u00f6r flertr\u00e5dade applikationer.\n<li class=\"l\"> En datakonstruktion ptdesc har lagts till, som optimerar arbetet med minnes sidtabeller genom att separera strukturer med metadata och data f\u00f6r minnessidor.             <\/ul>\n<p>K\u00e4lla: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=63081\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Oracle \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 8 (UEK R8), \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435 Oracle Linux \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u0441 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 Red Hat Enterprise Linux. \u042f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 x86_64 \u0438 ARM64 (aarch64). \u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c Git-\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-123511","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Oracle \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 8 (UEK R8), \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f 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