{"id":30053,"date":"2019-10-31T21:33:26","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/optimizatsiya-proizvoditelnosti-apache2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:33:26","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:26","slug":"optimizatsiya-proizvoditelnosti-apache2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/optimizatsiya-proizvoditelnosti-apache2","title":{"rendered":"Optimering av prestanda f\u00f6r apache2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00e5nga anv\u00e4nder apache2 som webbserver. Men f\u00e5 t\u00e4nker p\u00e5 att optimera dess prestanda, vilket direkt p\u00e5verkar hastigheten p\u00e5 webbplatsens laddning, hastigheten p\u00e5 skriptbearbetning (specifikt php), samt \u00f6kningen av belastningen p\u00e5 CPU och den anv\u00e4nda m\u00e4ngden RAM. <\/p>\n<p>D\u00e4rf\u00f6r b\u00f6r f\u00f6ljande manual hj\u00e4lpa nyb\u00f6rjare (och inte bara) anv\u00e4ndare.<br \/>\nAlla exempel nedan anv\u00e4ndes p\u00e5 Raspberry PI 3, Debian 9, Apache 2.4.38, PHP 7.3.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nS\u00e5 l\u00e5t oss b\u00f6rja.<\/p>\n<h3>1. St\u00e4ng av oanv\u00e4nda moduler<\/h3>\n<p>\nDet f\u00f6rsta s\u00e4ttet \u00e4r att helt enkelt st\u00e4nga av de moduler som du inte anv\u00e4nder:<\/p>\n<p>Listan \u00f6ver aktuellt anv\u00e4nda moduler kan ses med kommandot:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">apache2ctl -M<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nF\u00f6r att st\u00e4nga av en modul anv\u00e4nds kommandot:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">a2dismod *modulens namn*<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nMotsvarande f\u00f6r att aktivera en modul anv\u00e4nds kommandot:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">a2enmod *modulens namn*<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nObservera att n\u00e4r du anv\u00e4nder <i>a2dismod<\/i>, modulens namn m\u00e5ste skrivas utan ordet modul.<\/p>\n<p>Till exempel, om du sett i utdata fr\u00e5n kommandot <i>apache2ctl -M<\/i> att du fick se <i>proxy_module<\/i>, s\u00e5 m\u00e5ste du anv\u00e4nda kommandot f\u00f6r att st\u00e4nga av den \u2014 <i>a2dismod proxy<\/i><\/p>\n<p>De mest resurskr\u00e4vande modulerna (enligt min erfarenhet) \u00e4r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PHP, Ruby, Perl och andra moduler f\u00f6r olika skriptspr\u00e5k<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/ssl-sertifikat\/\"   title=\"SSL\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2258\">SSL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Rewrite<\/li>\n<li>CGI<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nS\u00e5 i de fall n\u00e4r du inte beh\u00f6ver dessa moduler rekommenderar jag att st\u00e4nga av dem.<\/p>\n<p>Dessutom, efter att ha st\u00e4ngt av en modul, rekommenderar jag att anv\u00e4nda kommandot \u2014 <i>apache2ctl configtest<\/i>, som kontrollerar konfigurationen av de anv\u00e4nda webbplatserna, och om n\u00e5gon av de st\u00e4ngda modulerna var n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndig f\u00f6r dem, kommer det att ge ett fel.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Byta MPM (Multi-Processing Module) och anv\u00e4nda php-fpm<\/h3>\n<p>\nSom standard anv\u00e4nder apache2 MPM Prefork (1 tr\u00e5d per 1 anslutning) efter installationen, vilket tydligt s\u00e4nker prestandan, men f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrar stabiliteten och s\u00e4kerheten.<\/p>\n<p>Men f\u00f6r att optimera prestandan rekommenderar jag att anv\u00e4nda MPM Worker, som till\u00e5ter anv\u00e4ndning av flera tr\u00e5dar per anslutning.<\/p>\n<p>F\u00f6r att aktivera den anv\u00e4nder vi f\u00f6ljande kommandon:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">a2dismod mpm_prefork  \\\/\\\/ St\u00e4nger av prefork\na2dismod php7.3  \\\/\\\/ St\u00e4nger av php-modulen som beror p\u00e5 prefork\na2enmod mpm_worker  \\\/\\\/ Aktiverar worker\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nMen n\u00e4r man anv\u00e4nder Worker kan du st\u00f6ta p\u00e5 ett problem, eftersom php7.3-modulen beror p\u00e5 Prefork-modulen.<\/p>\n<p>F\u00f6r att l\u00f6sa detta problem ska vi installera modulen php7.3-fpm, som kommer att anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r att k\u00f6ra php-skript:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">apt-get update &amp;&amp; apt-get install php7.3-fpm  \n\/\/ Installerar\nsystemctl enable php7.3-fpm &amp;&amp; systemctl start php7.3-fpm  \n\/\/ L\u00e4gger till i autoload och startar\n a2enmod php7.3-fpm &amp;&amp; a2enconf php7.3-fpm.conf  \n\/\/ Aktiverar modulen och konfigurationen f\u00f6r den\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDet \u00e4r v\u00e4rt att notera att anv\u00e4ndningen av php-fpm ocks\u00e5 kommer att minska m\u00e4ngden RAM som anv\u00e4nds av apache2-processen och n\u00e5got snabba upp k\u00f6rningen av php-skript.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Slutsats<\/h3>\n<p>\nS\u00e5ledes kunde vi, med dessa enkla \u00e5tg\u00e4rder, optimera prestanda och minska belastningen p\u00e5 maskinen (i detta fall RPI3).<\/p>\n<p>Naturligtvis finns det hundratals andra optimeringsalternativ, s\u00e5som att aktivera kompression (vilket verkligen \u00e4r anv\u00e4ndbart men oftast \u00e4r aktiverat som standard), \u00e4ndra parametrar (konfigurationsfiler) f\u00f6r MPM, inaktivera HostnameLookups etc., men i denna artikel har jag f\u00f6rs\u00f6kt att reflektera \u00f6ver just de punkter som har hj\u00e4lpt mig mest, och jag hoppas att de ocks\u00e5 kan hj\u00e4lpa andra.<br \/>\n<br \/>K\u00e4lla: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/444732\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 apache2 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 php), \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0426\u041f \u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0451\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u041e\u0417\u0423. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0430\u043b, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c (\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e) \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 apache2 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link 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