{"id":30282,"date":"2019-10-31T21:34:39","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/podnozhka-dlya-mozga-platforma-raspredelennogo-reestra-hedera-hashgraph\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:34:39","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:39","slug":"podnozhka-dlya-mozga-platforma-raspredelennogo-reestra-hedera-hashgraph","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/podnozhka-dlya-mozga-platforma-raspredelennogo-reestra-hedera-hashgraph","title":{"rendered":"Hj\u00e4rnst\u00f6den: Hedera Hashgraph distribuerad registerplattform","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Hj\u00e4rnst\u00f6den:
\nKonsensusalgoritm, asynkron tolerans mot of\u00f6rklarliga fel, riktad acyklick graf, distribuerad huvudbok \u2014 om vad som f\u00f6renar dessa begrepp och hur man inte ska vricka hj\u00e4rnan \u2014 i artikeln om Hedera Hashgraph.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nF\u00f6retaget Swirlds Inc. presenterar:
\n<\/b>Hedera Hashgraph, plattform f\u00f6r distribuerad huvudbok.<\/p>\n

I huvudrollerna:
\n<\/b>Lemon Baird, matematiker, skapare av Hashgraph-algoritmen, medgrundare, teknisk direkt\u00f6r och chief scientist p\u00e5 Swirlds Inc.;
\nMance Harmon, matematiker, medgrundare och vd f\u00f6r Swirlds Inc.;
\nTom Troubridge, president f\u00f6r Hedera Hashgraph, evangelist f\u00f6r Hashgraph-teknologin.<\/p>\n

Projektet involverar:
\n<\/b>Finansiella konglomeratet Nomura Holding;
\nTelekommunikationsf\u00f6retaget Deutsche Telekom;
\nInternationella advokatbyr\u00e5n DLA Piper;
\nBrittiska \u00e5terf\u00f6rs\u00e4ljaren Magazine Luiza;
\nDet schweiziska f\u00f6retaget Swisscom AG.<\/p>\n

Jag f\u00f6rstod aldrig riktigt varf\u00f6r all information om Hedera Hashgraph presenteras s\u00e5 f\u00f6rvirrat, \u00e4r det en medveten policy fr\u00e5n utvecklarna eller \u00e4r det s\u00e5 som det av en slump blev? Men hur som helst var det v\u00e4ldigt sv\u00e5rt att skriva en sammanh\u00e4ngande text om Hedera Hashgraph. Varje g\u00e5ng det k\u00e4ndes som om jag \u00e4ntligen f\u00f6rst\u00e5tt allt, visade det sig n\u00e4stan omedelbart att det var en djup missuppfattning. Till slut verkar det som om n\u00e5got meningsfullt blev till, men \u00e4nd\u00e5 \u2013 l\u00e4s f\u00f6rsiktigt, risken f\u00f6r att vricka hj\u00e4rnan f\u00f6rsvann inte.<\/p>\n

Del 1. Uppgiften f\u00f6r de bysantinska generalerna och ryktena
\n<\/b>I grunden ligger denna historia i den s\u00e5 kallade 'Uppgiften f\u00f6r de bysantiska generalerna' (Byzantine Fault Tolerance, BFT) \u2014 ett tankeexperiment som syftar till att illustrera problemet med att synkronisera tillst\u00e5ndet i system n\u00e4r kommunikationen anses vara tillf\u00f6rlitlig, men noderna inte \u00e4r det. Alla som \u00e4r intresserade kan unders\u00f6ka fr\u00e5gan h\u00e4r eller h\u00e4r mer detaljerat. <\/p>\n

Algoritmerna p\u00e5 plattformen Hedera Hashgraph \u00e4r skapade utifr\u00e5n ett privat fall av bysantinsk fel tolerans \u2014 asynkron problematik f\u00f6r de bysantinska generalerna, eller aBFT. 2016 blev l\u00f6sningen f\u00f6r detta f\u00f6rst f\u00f6reslagen av matematikern Lemon Baird och, vara inte dumm, patenterade han det genast. <\/p>\n

Hedera Hashgraph-plattformen k\u00e4nnetecknas av delad anv\u00e4ndning och synkronisering av digital data enligt konsensusalgoritmen, fysisk decentralisering av datalagringsnoder och avsaknad av en central kontrollpunkt. Emellertid h\u00f6r Hashgraph-protokollet (i detta fall Hedera - milj\u00f6n, Hashgraph - protokollet) inte till blockkedjor, utan best\u00e5r av en dirigraph utan sekventiella cykler, best\u00e5ende av parallella sekvenser som b\u00f6rjar i en nod och n\u00e5r en slutnod p\u00e5 olika v\u00e4gar. <\/p>\n

Kort sagt, om den klassiska blockkedjan visuellt kan avbildas som en strikt f\u00f6ljd av l\u00e4nkar (vilket i sj\u00e4lva verket \u00e4r dess fr\u00e4msta egenskap), p\u00e5minner Hashgraph visuellt om en bonsai med ett stort antal f\u00f6rgreningar. Eftersom antalet samtidiga cykler praktiskt taget \u00e4r o\u00e4ndligt, till\u00e5ter Hashgraph att ett enormt antal transaktioner utf\u00f6rs samtidigt (utvecklarna talar om 250 000 transaktioner per sekund, vilket \u00e4r fem g\u00e5nger mer \u00e4n ens Visas kapacitet, f\u00f6r att inte tala om Bitcoin-n\u00e4tverket), och avgiften f\u00f6r en transaktion \u00e4r vanligtvis obefintlig.<\/p>\n

N\u00e4sta grundl\u00e4ggande skillnad mellan Hashgraph och den klassiska blockkedjan \u00e4r gossip-protokollet. Inom den distribuerade huvudboken inneb\u00e4r varje transaktion inte \u00f6verf\u00f6ring av all data, utan bara information om information (Gossip about Gossip). Node rapporterar om transaktionen till tv\u00e5 andra slumpm\u00e4ssiga noder, d\u00e4r var och en i sin tur s\u00e4nder meddelanden till tv\u00e5 andra tills antalet informerade noder \u00e4r tillr\u00e4ckligt f\u00f6r att uppn\u00e5 konsensus, vilket intr\u00e4ffar n\u00e4r en stor del av noderna har informerats (och det \u00e4r just genom detta som den angivna m\u00e4ngden transaktioner per tidsenhet uppn\u00e5s). <\/p>\n

Del 2. Blockkedjem\u00f6rdare eller inte
\n<\/b>F\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande \u00e4r Hedera Hashgraph under utveckling. I synnerhet testas sin egen kryptovaluta med st\u00f6d f\u00f6r mikropayments, distribuerad n\u00e4tverkslagring av filer och scenarier som m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r skapande av smarta kontrakt baserade p\u00e5 spr\u00e5k fr\u00e5n Ethereum-milj\u00f6n. <\/p>\n

Opinions about this project show a rare polarization. Some sources straightforwardly call Hashgraph a \"blockchain killer,\" while others rightly point out that there are no examples of functioning decentralized applications within the Hedera environment. Some are puzzled by the fact that the platform's foundation is patented and its development is under the control of a supervisory board, which includes representatives from a number of Fortune 500 companies (though this actually indicates that the project has real potential and is certainly not a scam). By the way, some time ago, the project was spun off into a separate company, Hedera Hashgraph, which also indicates its priority for developers.<\/p>\n

The developers quietly raised $18 million for operational needs in a closed token sale and, after a while, another $100 million. No specifics about the ICO are reported, and in general, the Hedera Hashgraph roadmap is unusually vague, which doesn't prevent the company from engaging in active efforts to promote this consensus algorithm. The company is actively working on forming various professional communities, from programmers to lawyers; representatives of the project have already conducted over 80 meetings with interested parties around the world, even reaching Russia\u2014on March 6, a meeting was held in Moscow with Hedera Hashgraph President Tom Troubridge, which reportedly gathered a considerable number of representatives from our IT and finance circles.<\/p>\n

Mr. Troubridge mentioned that at least 40 decentralized applications based on Hedera Hashgraph are expected soon, and in total, there are more than 100 in development, so in the foreseeable future, everyone will have a chance to see firsthand how this technology works.<\/p>\n

Sammanfattningsvis
\n<\/b>Generellt kan man med s\u00e4kerhet p\u00e5st\u00e5 ett par saker. F\u00f6r det f\u00f6rsta \u00e4r projektet inte trivialt och har redan v\u00e4ckt stort intresse bland representanter fr\u00e5n stora f\u00f6retag. F\u00f6r det andra \u00e4r det uppenbart otydligt f\u00f6r en lekmann, vilket f\u00f6rklarar bristen p\u00e5 information om det i offentligheten (och dessutom verkar det, baserat p\u00e5 videon med Mr. Lemon, som att denna smarta person \u00f6verhuvudtaget inte \u00e4r n\u00e5gon talare). F\u00f6r det tredje \u00e4r det osannolikt att det kommer att bli en \"bitcoin-m\u00f6rdare\" eller n\u00e5got s\u00e5 patetiskt, men de angivna f\u00f6rdelarna verkar tillr\u00e4ckligt betydelsefulla f\u00f6r att man noggrant b\u00f6r f\u00f6lja projektet.<\/p>\n

Dessutom cirkulerar rykten om att arrang\u00f6rerna snart planerar att attrahera ytterligare en investeringsomg\u00e5ng, och det kan mycket v\u00e4l vara v\u00e4rt att delta i detta.
\n
K\u00e4lla: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0410\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0443\u0441\u0430, \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430\u043c, \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440 \u2014 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u0438\u0445\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0433 \u2014 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043e Hedera Hashgraph. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Swirlds Inc. \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442: \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 Hedera Hashgraph. \u0412 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0445: \u041b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d \u0411\u0430\u0438\u0440\u0434, \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u0430 Hashgraph, \u0441\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Hj\u00e4rnspis: Hedera Hashgraph distribuerad registerplattform | 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