{"id":30623,"date":"2019-10-31T21:36:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:36:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:34","slug":"klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2","title":{"rendered":"Klusterlagring f\u00f6r sm\u00e5 webbkkluster baserat p\u00e5 drbd+ocfs2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Vad vi kommer att ber\u00e4tta om:<\/b><br \/>\nHur snabbt man kan implementera en gemensam lagring f\u00f6r tv\u00e5 servrar baserat p\u00e5 l\u00f6sningarna drbd+ocfs2. <\/p>\n<p><b>Vem detta kommer att vara anv\u00e4ndbart f\u00f6r:<\/b><br \/>\nDenna tutorial kommer att vara anv\u00e4ndbar f\u00f6r systemadministrat\u00f6rer och alla som v\u00e4ljer en metod f\u00f6r att implementera lagring eller vill prova en l\u00f6sning.<\/p>\n<h3>Vilka l\u00f6sningar vi avstod fr\u00e5n och varf\u00f6r<\/h3>\n<p>\nOfta st\u00f6ter vi p\u00e5 situationer d\u00e4r vi beh\u00f6ver implementera en gemensam lagring med bra prestanda f\u00f6r l\u00e4sning och skrivning p\u00e5 en liten webbklyft. Vi har f\u00f6rs\u00f6kt olika alternativ f\u00f6r att implementera gemensam lagring f\u00f6r v\u00e5ra projekt, men f\u00e5 av dem har kunnat tillfredsst\u00e4lla oss p\u00e5 flera punkter. Nu ber\u00e4ttar vi varf\u00f6r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Glusterfs gav oss inte tillr\u00e4cklig prestanda f\u00f6r l\u00e4sning och skrivning, det uppstod problem med att l\u00e4sa stora m\u00e4ngder filer samtidigt, och CPU-belastningen var h\u00f6g. Problemet med att l\u00e4sa filer kunde l\u00f6sas genom att direkt g\u00e5 till brickorna, men detta \u00e4r inte alltid till\u00e4mpligt och \u00f6verlag fel. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ceph tilltalade oss inte p\u00e5 grund av dess \u00f6verdrivna komplexitet, vilket kan vara skadligt f\u00f6r projekt med 2-4 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/server\/dts-dusseldorf\/\"   title=\"servrar\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3413\">servrar<\/a>, s\u00e4rskilt om projektet senare underh\u00e5lls. Dessutom finns det allvarliga prestandabegr\u00e4nsningar som tvingar oss att bygga separata lagringskluster, precis som med glusterfs. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Att anv\u00e4nda en enda nfs-server f\u00f6r att implementera gemensam lagring v\u00e4cker fr\u00e5gor ang\u00e5ende avbrottss\u00e4kerhet. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> s3 \u2014 en utm\u00e4rkt popul\u00e4r l\u00f6sning f\u00f6r vissa typer av uppgifter, men det \u00e4r inte heller ett filsystem, vilket inskr\u00e4nker anv\u00e4ndningsomr\u00e5det.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>lsyncd. Om vi redan har b\u00f6rjat prata om \"icke-filsystem\", s\u00e5 b\u00f6r vi ta en titt p\u00e5 denna popul\u00e4ra l\u00f6sning. Det faktum att den inte \u00e4r l\u00e4mplig f\u00f6r tv\u00e5v\u00e4gskommunikation (men om man verkligen vill kan det g\u00f6ras) \u00e4r dessutom en annan faktor; den fungerar inte heller stabilt med ett stort antal filer. En trevlig egenskap \u00e4r att den \u00e4r enkeltr\u00e5dad. Anledningen \u00e4r programmets arkitektur: den anv\u00e4nder inotify f\u00f6r att \u00f6vervaka arbetets objekt, som den f\u00e4ster vid uppstart och vid omscanning. F\u00f6r \u00f6verf\u00f6ring anv\u00e4nds rsync. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Tutorial: hur man implementerar gemensam lagring baserat p\u00e5 drbd+ocfs2<\/h3>\n<p>\nEn av de mest praktiska l\u00f6sningarna f\u00f6r oss blev kombinationen <b>ocfs2+drbd<\/b>. Nu ska vi ber\u00e4tta hur man snabbt kan implementera en gemensam lagring f\u00f6r tv\u00e5. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/server\/\"   title=\"servrar\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1291\">servrar<\/a> baserat p\u00e5 l\u00f6sningar. Men f\u00f6rst lite om komponenterna:<\/p>\n<p><b>DRBD<\/b> \u2014 ett lagringssystem levererat med standardversionen av Linux som m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r replikering av data mellan servrar block f\u00f6r block. Huvudsyftet \u00e4r att bygga redundanta lagringsl\u00f6sningar.<\/p>\n<p><b>OCFS2<\/b> \u2014 ett filsystem som erbjuder delning av samma lagring mellan flera system. Det ing\u00e5r i Linux-distributionen och best\u00e5r av en k\u00e4rnmodul och anv\u00e4ndarutrymmeverktyg f\u00f6r att arbeta med FS. OCFS2 kan anv\u00e4ndas inte bara ovanp\u00e5 DRBD, utan \u00e4ven ovanp\u00e5 iSCSI med multipla anslutningar. I v\u00e5rt exempel anv\u00e4nder vi DRBD.<\/p>\n<p>Alla \u00e5tg\u00e4rder utf\u00f6rs p\u00e5 ubuntu server 18.04 i minimal konfiguration.<\/p>\n<p><b>Steg 1. Konfigurera DRBD:<br \/>\n<\/b><br \/>\nI filen \/etc\/drbd.d\/drbd0.res beskriver vi v\u00e5r virtuella blockenhet \/dev\/drbd0:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">resource drbd0 {\n    syncer { rate 1000M; }\n    net {\n        allow-two-primaries;\n        after-sb-0pri discard-zero-changes;\n        after-sb-1pri discard-secondary;\n        after-sb-2pri disconnect;\n    }\n    startup { become-primary-on both; }\n    on drbd1 {\n        meta-disk internal;\n        device \/dev\/drbd0;\n        disk \/dev\/vdb1;\n        address 10.10.10.192:7789;\n}\n    on drbd2 {\n        meta-disk internal;\n        device \/dev\/drbd0;\n        disk \/dev\/vdb1;\n        address 10.10.10.193:7789;\n}\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<i>meta-disk internal<\/i> \u2014 anv\u00e4nda samma blockenheter f\u00f6r att lagra metadata<br \/>\n<i>device \/dev\/drbd0<\/i> \u2014 anv\u00e4nda \/dev\/drbd0 som v\u00e4g till drbd.<br \/>\n<i>disk \/dev\/vdb1<\/i> \u2014 anv\u00e4nda \/dev\/vdb1 <br \/>\n<i>syncer { rate 1000M; }<\/i> \u2014 anv\u00e4nda gigabit bandbredd fr\u00e5n kanalen<br \/>\n<i>allow-two-primaries<\/i> \u2014 en viktig inst\u00e4llning som till\u00e5ter att \u00e4ndringar accepteras p\u00e5 tv\u00e5 prim\u00e4ra servrar<br \/>\n<i>after-sb-0pri, after-sb-1pri, after-sb-2pri<\/i> \u2014 alternativ som anger vad noden ska g\u00f6ra vid splitbrain-situationer. Mer information finns i dokumentationen.<br \/>\n<i>become-primary-on both<\/i> \u2014 st\u00e4ller in b\u00e5da noderna som prim\u00e4ra.<\/p>\n<p>I v\u00e5rt fall har vi tv\u00e5 helt identiska VM:er, med ett dedikerat virtuellt n\u00e4tverk med en bandbredd p\u00e5 10 gigabit.<\/p>\n<p>I v\u00e5rt exempel \u00e4r n\u00e4tverksnamnen f\u00f6r de tv\u00e5 noderna i klustret drbd1 och drbd2. F\u00f6r korrekt funktion m\u00e5ste namnen och IP-adresserna f\u00f6r noderna matchas i \/etc\/hosts.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">10.10.10.192 drbd1\n10.10.10.193 drbd2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b>Steg 2. Konfigurera noder:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>P\u00e5 b\u00e5da servrarna k\u00f6r vi:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm create-md drbd0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klusterlagring f\u00f6r sm\u00e5 webbkkluster baserat p\u00e5 drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/38b0a4a4fc60ac617abfad6e8f755ae7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">modprobe drbd\ndrbdadm up drbd0\ncat \/proc\/drbd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nVi f\u00e5r f\u00f6ljande:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klusterlagring f\u00f6r sm\u00e5 webbkkluster baserat p\u00e5 drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/91c48ed32cd1471e4076934d041966d8.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nVi kan b\u00f6rja synkroniseringen. P\u00e5 den f\u00f6rsta noden m\u00e5ste vi k\u00f6ra:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm primary --force drbd0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nKolla status:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">cat \/proc\/drbd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klusterlagring f\u00f6r sm\u00e5 webbkkluster baserat p\u00e5 drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/b94b54b1050595bec774adf6c5190968.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nUtm\u00e4rkt, synkroniseringen har p\u00e5b\u00f6rjats. V\u00e4nta tills den \u00e4r klar och se resultatet:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klusterlagring f\u00f6r sm\u00e5 webbkkluster baserat p\u00e5 drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/7f9e2d3664d3a578c74e72b8bc4c1a7f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Steg 3. Starta synkroniseringen p\u00e5 den andra noden:<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm primary --force drbd0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nVi f\u00e5r f\u00f6ljande:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klusterlagring f\u00f6r sm\u00e5 webbkkluster baserat p\u00e5 drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/ad3d616ca84fa26a18574f433bb7d9fe.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNu kan vi skriva till drbd fr\u00e5n tv\u00e5 servrar.<\/p>\n<p><b>Steg 4. Installation och konfiguration av ocfs2.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Vi kommer att anv\u00e4nda en ganska trivial konfiguration:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">cluster:\n     node_count = 2\n     name = ocfs2cluster\n\nnode:\n     number = 1\n     cluster = ocfs2cluster\n     ip_port = 7777\n     ip_address = 10.10.10.192\n     name = drbd1\n\nnode:\n     number = 2\n     cluster = ocfs2cluster\n     ip_port = 7777\n     ip_address = 10.10.10.193\n     name = drbd2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDen m\u00e5ste skrivas till <i>\/etc\/ocfs2\/cluster.conf<\/i> p\u00e5 b\u00e5da noderna.<\/p>\n<p>Vi skapar filsystem p\u00e5 drbd0 p\u00e5 vilken nod som helst:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mkfs.ocfs2 -L \"testVol\" \/dev\/drbd0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nH\u00e4r har vi skapat ett filsystem med etiketten testVol p\u00e5 drbd0, med standardinst\u00e4llningarna.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klusterlagring f\u00f6r sm\u00e5 webbkkluster baserat p\u00e5 drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/d147b91ca6f39d846023d8b5c35a240e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nI \/etc\/default\/o2cb m\u00e5ste vi st\u00e4lla in (som i v\u00e5r konfigurationsfil)<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">O2CB_ENABLED=true \nO2CB_BOOTCLUSTER=ocfs2cluster <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\noch utf\u00f6ra p\u00e5 varje nod:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">o2cb register-cluster ocfs2cluster<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nD\u00e4refter aktiverar vi och l\u00e4gger till alla n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndiga enheter f\u00f6r autostart:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">systemctl enable drbd o2cb ocfs2\nsystemctl start drbd o2cb ocfs2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nEn del av detta kommer redan att k\u00f6ras under installationsprocessen.<\/p>\n<p><b>Steg 5. L\u00e4gger till monteringspunkter i fstab p\u00e5 b\u00e5da noderna:<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/dev\/drbd0 \/media\/shared ocfs2 defaults,noauto,heartbeat=local 0 0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nKatalog <i>\/media\/shared<\/i> dessa m\u00e5ste vara skapade i f\u00f6rv\u00e4g.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e4r anv\u00e4nder vi alternativet noauto, vilket inneb\u00e4r att filsystemet inte kommer att monteras vid start (jag f\u00f6redrar att montera n\u00e4tverksfilsystem via systemd) och heartbeat=local, vilket betyder att tj\u00e4nsten heartbeat anv\u00e4nds p\u00e5 varje nod. Det finns \u00e4ven global heartbeat, som passar b\u00e4ttre f\u00f6r st\u00f6rre kluster.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e4refter kan vi montera <i>\/media\/shared<\/i> och kontrollera synkronisering av inneh\u00e5llet.<\/p>\n<p><b>Klart!<\/b> Resultatet blir ett mer eller mindre fels\u00e4kert lagringssystem med m\u00f6jlighet till skalning och bra prestanda.<br \/>\n<br \/>K\u00e4lla: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/445612\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c: \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 drbd+ocfs2. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e: \u0422\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":22614,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - 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