{"id":31305,"date":"2019-10-31T21:40:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:40:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/realizatsiya-ssd-keshirovaniya-v-shd-qsan-xcubesan\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:40:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:40:34","slug":"realizatsiya-ssd-keshirovaniya-v-shd-qsan-xcubesan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/realizatsiya-ssd-keshirovaniya-v-shd-qsan-xcubesan","title":{"rendered":"Implementering av SSD-cache i QSAN XCubeSAN","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Prestandaf\u00f6rb\u00e4ttringstekniker som \u00e4r baserade p\u00e5 anv\u00e4ndningen av SSD och som ofta till\u00e4mpas i lagringssystem har funnits l\u00e4nge. Framf\u00f6r allt handlar det om att anv\u00e4nda SSD som lagringsutrymme, vilket \u00e4r 100% effektivt men dyrt. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r anv\u00e4nds teknologi f\u00f6r tiering och caching, d\u00e4r SSD enbart anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r de mest efterfr\u00e5gade ('heta') data. Tiering \u00e4r bra f\u00f6r l\u00e5ngvarigt (dagar-veckor) anv\u00e4ndande av 'heta' data. Caching \u00e5 sin sida \u00e4r f\u00f6r kortvarigt (minuter-timmar) anv\u00e4ndande. B\u00e5da dessa alternativ implementeras i lagringssystem. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/goods\/sistemyi-xraneniya-dannyix\/\">QSAN XCubeSAN<\/a><\/noindex>. I denna artikel kommer vi att granska implementeringen av den andra algoritmen \u2013 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/soft\/san-os-4.0\/ssd-keshirovanie-(qcache-2.0).html\">SSD caching<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering av SSD-cache i QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/e2e97119a949509f4a3fe8e17a4238ac.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Essensen av teknologin f\u00f6r SSD caching \u00e4r att anv\u00e4nda SSD som en mellanliggande cache mellan h\u00e5rddiskarna och kontrollerarens RAM. Prestandan hos SSD \u00e4r naturligtvis l\u00e4gre \u00e4n prestandan hos kontrollerarens egen cache, men \u00e5 sin del \u00e4r volymen mycket st\u00f6rre. S\u00e5 vi f\u00e5r en slags kompromiss mellan hastighet och volym.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>Indikationer f\u00f6r att anv\u00e4nda SSD-cache f\u00f6r l\u00e4sning:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>En \u00f6verv\u00e4gande m\u00e4ngd l\u00e4soperationer j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med skrivoperationer (vanligtvis k\u00e4nnetecknande f\u00f6r databaser och webbapplikationer);<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e4r det finns ett flaskhals som inneb\u00e4r prestandan hos h\u00e5rddiskarrayen;<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e4r volymen av efterfr\u00e5gade data \u00e4r mindre \u00e4n SSD-cache-volymen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Indikationerna f\u00f6r att anv\u00e4nda SSD-cache f\u00f6r l\u00e4sning + skrivning \u00e4r desamma, f\u00f6rutom typen av operationer \u2013 en blandad typ (t.ex. filserver).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>De flesta leverant\u00f6rerna av lagringssystem anv\u00e4nder SSD-cache i sina produkter endast f\u00f6r l\u00e4soperationer. Den principiella skillnaden <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/\">QSAN <\/a><\/noindex>fr\u00e5n dem \u00e4r m\u00f6jligheten att anv\u00e4nda cachen \u00e4ven f\u00f6r skrivning. F\u00f6r att aktivera funktionen f\u00f6r SSD caching i QSAN-lagringssystemet kr\u00e4vs ett separat licensk\u00f6p (levereras elektroniskt).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>SSD-cachen i XCubeSAN implementeras fysiskt som separata SSD-cachepooler. Systemet kan ha upp till fyra s\u00e5dana pooler. Varje pool anv\u00e4nder f\u00f6rst\u00e5s sin egen upps\u00e4ttning av SSD. I inst\u00e4llningarna f\u00f6r den virtuella disken best\u00e4mmer vi om den ska anv\u00e4nda cachepoolen och vilken specifik pool som ska anv\u00e4ndas. Aktivering och avaktivering av cacheanv\u00e4ndning f\u00f6r volymer kan g\u00f6ras online utan stopp av in-\/utmatning. SSD kan \u00e4ven l\u00e4ggas till och tas bort fr\u00e5n poolen utan nedst\u00e4ngning. N\u00e4r man skapar en SSD-cachepool m\u00e5ste man v\u00e4lja vilket l\u00e4ge den ska verka i: endast l\u00e4sning eller l\u00e4sning + skrivning. Detta p\u00e5verkar dess fysiska struktur. Eftersom det kan finnas flera cachepooler kan deras funktionalitet variera (det vill s\u00e4ga systemet kan ha cachepooler f\u00f6r b\u00e5de l\u00e4sning och l\u00e4sning + skrivning samtidigt).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Om cachepoolen anv\u00e4nds endast f\u00f6r l\u00e4sning kan den best\u00e5 av 1-8 SSD. Diskarna beh\u00f6ver inte n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndigtvis ha samma kapacitet eller vara fr\u00e5n samma tillverkare, eftersom de kombineras i en NRAID+-struktur. Alla SSD i poolen anv\u00e4nds gemensamt. Systemet f\u00f6rs\u00f6ker automatiskt parallellisera inkommande f\u00f6rfr\u00e5gningar mellan alla SSD f\u00f6r att uppn\u00e5 maximal prestanda. Om en av SSD-enheterna g\u00e5r s\u00f6nder h\u00e4nder ingenting allvarligt: cacheminnet inneh\u00e5ller endast en kopia av data som lagras p\u00e5 massan av h\u00e5rddiskar. Endast den tillg\u00e4ngliga SSD-cachekapaciteten minskar (eller blir noll om den ursprungliga SSD-cachen var baserad p\u00e5 en enda enhet).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering av SSD-cache i QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1e592445ff41335c844e0a47b2e664c3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Om cachen anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r b\u00e5de l\u00e4sningar och skrivningar m\u00e5ste antalet SSD i poolen vara j\u00e4mnt, eftersom inneh\u00e5llet speglas p\u00e5 par av lagringsenheter (NRAID 1+-struktur anv\u00e4nds). Duplicering av cachen \u00e4r n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndig eftersom den kan inneh\u00e5lla data som inte har skrivits till h\u00e5rddiskarna \u00e4nnu. I s\u00e5 fall skulle en SSD-fel i cachepoolen orsaka f\u00f6rlust av information. I fallet med NRAID 1+ skulle ett fel p\u00e5 en SSD helt enkelt leda till att cachen g\u00e5r in i ett \"endast l\u00e4sning\"-l\u00e4ge med utpl\u00e5tning av oskrivna data till massan av h\u00e5rddiskar. Efter att den defekta SSD-enheten har bytts ut, \u00e5terg\u00e5r cachen till sitt ursprungliga driftl\u00e4ge. F\u00f6r \u00f6kad s\u00e4kerhet kan en dedikerad hot spare tilldelas cachen som arbetar i l\u00e4sning + skrivning.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering av SSD-cache i QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/61c6ba4b29ab31c3ded112b12f8103ce.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Vid anv\u00e4ndning av SSD-cachefunktionaliteten i XCubeSAN finns det en rad krav p\u00e5 minnesvolymen f\u00f6r lagringskontrollerna: ju mer systemminne, desto st\u00f6rre cachen kommer att vara tillg\u00e4nglig.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering av SSD-cache i QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/40da0dba6094c55adaa54b8d9cbc1bcd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Till skillnad fr\u00e5n de flesta lagringsproducenter, som enbart erbjuder alternativ f\u00f6r att aktivera\/inaktivera SSD-cachen, ger QSAN st\u00f6rre m\u00f6jligheter. Speciellt kan man v\u00e4lja cache-arbetsl\u00e4ge beroende p\u00e5 belastningstypen. Det finns tre f\u00f6rinst\u00e4llda mallar som ligger n\u00e4rmast de motsvarande tj\u00e4nsterna: databas, filsystem, webbtj\u00e4nst. Dessutom kan administrat\u00f6ren skapa sin egen profil genom att st\u00e4lla in n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndiga parameterarv\u00e4rden: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Blockstorlek (Cache Block Size) \u2013 1\/2\/4 MB<\/li>\n<li>Antal l\u00e4sfr\u00e5gor som beh\u00f6vs f\u00f6r att blocket ska kopieras till cachen (Populate-on-Read Threshold) \u2013 1..4<\/li>\n<li>Antal skrivfr\u00e5gor som beh\u00f6vs f\u00f6r att blocket ska kopieras till cachen (Populate-on-Write Threshold) \u2013 0..4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering av SSD-cache i QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/b584e87c4b067ac06a4b78063007f31f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Profiler kan \u00e4ndras \"under k\u00f6rning\", men sj\u00e4lvklart med att cachen nollst\u00e4lls och v\u00e4rms upp p\u00e5 nytt.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e4r man \u00f6verv\u00e4ger principerna f\u00f6r hur SSD-cachen fungerar kan man identifiera de huvudsakliga operationerna vid arbete med den:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#1\">L\u00e4sa data n\u00e4r de inte finns i cachen;<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#2\">L\u00e4sa data n\u00e4r de finns i cachen;<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#3\">Skriva data vid bruk av cache f\u00f6r l\u00e4sning;<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#4\">Skriva data vid bruk av cache f\u00f6r l\u00e4sning + skrivning.<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"1\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering av SSD-cache i QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/c9f70934f1d9bed5ad60c716bcd3ed30.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>L\u00e4sa data n\u00e4r de inte finns i cachen<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Beg\u00e4ran fr\u00e5n v\u00e4rden kommer till kontrollern;<\/li>\n<li>Eftersom de beg\u00e4rda data inte finns i SSD-cachen, l\u00e4ses de fr\u00e5n h\u00e5rddiskarna;<\/li>\n<li>De l\u00e4sta data skickas till v\u00e4rden. Samtidigt kontrolleras det om dessa block \u00e4r \"heta\";<\/li>\n<li>Om s\u00e5 \u00e4r fallet kopieras de till SSD-cachen f\u00f6r framtida anv\u00e4ndning.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"2\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering av SSD-cache i QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/9eac4b4cf003fb310101b3981dfed177.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>L\u00e4sa data n\u00e4r de finns i cachen<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Beg\u00e4ran fr\u00e5n v\u00e4rden kommer till kontrollern;<\/li>\n<li>Eftersom de beg\u00e4rda uppgifterna finns i SSD-cachen, l\u00e4ses de d\u00e4rifr\u00e5n;<\/li>\n<li>De l\u00e4sta data skickas till v\u00e4rden.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"3\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering av SSD-cache i QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/ae1f52f5882f19916f0b49b0619dae41.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Skriva data vid bruk av cache f\u00f6r l\u00e4sning <\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Skrivbeg\u00e4ran fr\u00e5n v\u00e4rden kommer till kontrollern;<\/li>\n<li>Data skrivs p\u00e5 h\u00e5rddiskarna;<\/li>\n<li>Ett svar om lyckad inskrivning returneras till v\u00e4rden;<\/li>\n<li>Samtidigt kontrolleras det om blocket \u00e4r \"hett\" (j\u00e4mf\u00f6rs med parametern Populate-on-Write Threshold). Om s\u00e5 \u00e4r fallet kopieras det till SSD-cachen f\u00f6r senare anv\u00e4ndning.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"4\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering av SSD-cache i QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/b69debdc836e3c1d93f64aa8724dd322.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Skriva data vid bruk av cache f\u00f6r l\u00e4sning + skrivning<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Skrivbeg\u00e4ran fr\u00e5n v\u00e4rden kommer till kontrollern;<\/li>\n<li>Data skrivs till SSD-cachen;<\/li>\n<li>Ett svar om lyckad inskrivning returneras till v\u00e4rden;<\/li>\n<li>Data from the SSD cache is written to hard drives in the background;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Check in action <\/h2>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Testb\u00e4nk<\/b><\/p>\n<p>2 servers (CPU: 2 x Xeon E5-2620v3 2.4Hz \/ RAM: 32GB) are connected by two ports directly to the XCubeSAN XS5224D (16GB RAM\/controller) via Fibre Channel 16G.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>16 x Seagate Constellation ES, ST500NM0001, 500GB, SAS 6Gb\/s were used, combined in RAID5 (15+1), for the data array and 8 x HGST Ultrastar SSD800MH.B, HUSMH8010BSS200, 100GB, SAS 12Gb\/s as cache<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>2 volumes were created: one for each server. <\/p>\n<h3>Test 1. SSD cache read-only with 1-8 SSDs<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>SSD Cache<\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I\/O Type: Customization<\/li>\n<li>Cache Block Size: 4MB<\/li>\n<li><b>Populate-on-read Threshold: 1<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Populate-on-write Threshold: 0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I\/O Pattern<\/b> <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tool: IOmeter V1.1.0<\/li>\n<li>Workers: 1<\/li>\n<li>Outstanding (Queue Depth): 128<\/li>\n<li><b>Access Specifications: 4KB, 100% Read, 100% Random<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering av SSD-cache i QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/6d9f4d3912d066662067fba52eb0e938.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering av SSD-cache i QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/665aa2f35d5d78bdb4a128eaea55faf2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In theory, the more SSDs in the cache pool, the higher the performance. This was confirmed in practice. The only significant increase in the number of SSDs with a low number of volumes does not lead to an explosive effect. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Test 2. SSD cache in read + write mode with 2-8 SSDs<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>SSD Cache<\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> I\/O Type: Customization<\/li>\n<li>Cache Block Size: 4MB<\/li>\n<li>Populate-on-read Threshold: 1<\/li>\n<li><b>Populate-on-write Threshold: 1 <\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I\/O Pattern<\/b> <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tool: IOmeter V1.1.0<\/li>\n<li>Workers: 1<\/li>\n<li>Outstanding (Queue Depth): 128<\/li>\n<li><b>Access Specifications: 4KB, 100% Write, 100% Random <\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering av SSD-cache i QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/6177fe7ef2c74045d760ba94598acb34.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering av SSD-cache i QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/2e1f749b827d43dd3fa8dcd33243bd9e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The same result: explosive growth in performance and scaling with an increase in the number of SSDs.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In both tests, the volume of the working data was less than the total cache size. Therefore, over time, all blocks were copied to the cache. The work was essentially done with SSDs, practically not touching the hard drives. The purpose of these tests was to visually demonstrate the effectiveness of cache warming and scaling its performance depending on the number of SSDs.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Now let's return to reality and check a more realistic situation where the volume of data exceeds the size of the cache. To ensure the test is completed in a reasonable time (the 'warming' time of the cache increases significantly with the volume size), we will limit the volume size to 120GB. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Test 3. Emulation of database operation <\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>SSD Cache<\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <b>I\/O Type: Database<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Cache Block Size: 1MB<\/li>\n<li>Populate-on-read Threshold: 2<\/li>\n<li>Populate-on-write Threshold: 1 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I\/O Pattern<\/b> <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tool: IOmeter V1.1.0<\/li>\n<li>Workers: 1<\/li>\n<li>Outstanding (Queue Depth): 128<\/li>\n<li><b>Access Specifications: 8KB, 67% Read, 100% Random<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementering av SSD-cache i QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/949b9fc604cf3a932ebf308d19fc9ff1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Utv\u00e4rdering <\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>A reasonable conclusion suggests a good efficiency of SSD cache use to enhance the performance of any storage system. Specifically for <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/goods\/sistemyi-xraneniya-dannyix\/\">QSAN XCubeSAN<\/a><\/noindex> Detta uttalande g\u00e4ller helt och h\u00e5llet: funktionen f\u00f6r SSD-cache \u00e4r utm\u00e4rkt implementerad. Detta g\u00e4ller st\u00f6d f\u00f6r l\u00e4s- och l\u00e4s + skrivl\u00e4gen, flexibel anpassning av arbete f\u00f6r alla anv\u00e4ndarscenarier samt den \u00f6vergripande prestandan i systemet. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r kan man, till ett mycket rimligt pris (licensavgiften motsvarar kostnaden f\u00f6r 1-2 SSD:er), avsev\u00e4rt \u00f6ka den totala prestandan.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>K\u00e4lla: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skilline\/blog\/432366\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 SSD \u0438 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0421\u0425\u0414, \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e 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