{"id":31672,"date":"2019-10-31T21:42:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:42:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/proekt-netbsd-razvivaet-novyj-gipervizor-nvmm\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:42:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:42:29","slug":"proekt-netbsd-razvivaet-novyj-gipervizor-nvmm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/news\/proekt-netbsd-razvivaet-novyj-gipervizor-nvmm","title":{"rendered":"Projektet NetBSD utvecklar en ny hypervisor NVMM","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Projektet NetBSDs utvecklare 400 f\u00f6retag. Bland dessa finns b\u00e5de sm\u00e5 startups och stora IT-f\u00f6retag.<\/a><\/noindex> om skapandet av en ny hypervisor och den d\u00e4rtill relaterade virtualiseringsstacken, som redan ing\u00e5r i den experimentella grenen NetBSD-current och kommer att erbjudas i den stabila utg\u00e5van av NetBSD 9. NVMM \u00e4r f\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande begr\u00e4nsad till att st\u00f6dja arkitekturen x86_64 och tillhandah\u00e5ller tv\u00e5 backend-alternativ f\u00f6r att utnyttja h\u00e5rdvaruvirtualiseringsmekanismer: x86-SVM med st\u00f6d f\u00f6r AMDs CPU-virtualiseringsutvidgningar och x86-VMX f\u00f6r Intel CPU. I sin nuvarande form \u00e4r det m\u00f6jligt att k\u00f6ra upp till 128 virtuella maskiner p\u00e5 en v\u00e4rd, d\u00e4r varje kan tilldelas upp till 256 virtuella processork\u00e4rnor (VCPU) och 128 GB RAM. <\/p>\n

NVMM inkluderar en drivrutin som arbetar p\u00e5 k\u00e4rnniv\u00e5 och koordinerar \u00e5tkomst till h\u00e5rdvaruvirtualiseringsmekanismer, samt Libnvmm-stacken som k\u00f6rs i anv\u00e4ndarrummet. Interaktionen mellan k\u00e4rnkomponenter och anv\u00e4ndarrummet sker via IOCTL. En utm\u00e4rkande egenskap hos NVMM, som skiljer det fr\u00e5n hypervisorer som KVM, HAXM<\/a><\/noindex> och Bhyve, \u00e4r att endast det minimi n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndiga antalet kapslingslager runt h\u00e5rdvaruvirtualiseringsmekanismerna k\u00f6rs p\u00e5 k\u00e4rnniv\u00e5, medan all kod f\u00f6r h\u00e5rdvaru-emulering har flyttats ut fr\u00e5n k\u00e4rnan till anv\u00e4ndarrummet. Denna metod minskar m\u00e4ngden kod som k\u00f6rs med f\u00f6rh\u00f6jda privilegier och minskar risken f\u00f6r att hela systemet komprometteras vid attacker p\u00e5 s\u00e5rbarheter i hypervisorn. Dessutom f\u00f6renklas fels\u00f6kning och fuzzing-testning av projektet avsev\u00e4rt. <\/p>\n

Libnvmm i sig sj\u00e4lv inneh\u00e5ller dock ingen emulatorfunktion, utan tillhandah\u00e5ller bara ett API som g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt att integrera NVMM-st\u00f6d i befintliga emulatorer, exempelvis QEMU. API:et omfattar funktioner som att skapa och starta en virtuell maskin, tilldela minne till g\u00e4stsystemet och f\u00f6rdela VCPU. F\u00f6r att \u00f6ka s\u00e4kerheten och minska m\u00f6jliga attackvektorer tillhandah\u00e5ller libnvmm endast de funktioner som uttryckligen beg\u00e4rs \u2014 som standard aktiveras inte komplexa hanterare automatiskt och kan \u00f6verhuvudtaget inte anv\u00e4ndas om de kan undvikas. NVMM f\u00f6rs\u00f6ker h\u00e5lla sig till enkla l\u00f6sningar, utan att komplicera saken och l\u00e5ta s\u00e5 m\u00e5nga aspekter av arbetet kontrolleras som m\u00f6jligt.<\/p>\n

\"Projektet<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Den k\u00e4rnoperativa delen av NVMM \u00e4r starkt integrerad med NetBSD-k\u00e4rnan och m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r prestandaf\u00f6rb\u00e4ttringar genom att minska antalet kontextbyten mellan g\u00e4stat operativsystem och v\u00e4rdmilj\u00f6. P\u00e5 anv\u00e4ndarutrymmets sida f\u00f6rs\u00f6ker libnvmm att aggregera typiska in-\/utdataoperationer och undvika o\u00f6nskade systemanrop. Systemet f\u00f6r minnesallokering baseras p\u00e5 pmap-subsystemet, vilket m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r att sidor av g\u00e4stsystemens minne kan bytas ut till v\u00e4xlingsutrymme vid minnesbrist i systemet. NVMM \u00e4r fritt fr\u00e5n globala l\u00e5sningar och skalar v\u00e4l, vilket g\u00f6r att olika CPU-k\u00e4rnor kan anv\u00e4ndas samtidigt f\u00f6r att k\u00f6ra olika virtuella g\u00e4stmaskiner. <\/p>\n

En l\u00f6sning baserad p\u00e5 QEMU har tagits fram som anv\u00e4nder NVMM f\u00f6r att aktivera h\u00e5rdvaru\u00advirtualiseringsmekanismer. Arbete p\u00e5g\u00e5r f\u00f6r att inkludera de beredda patcherna i den huvudsakliga versionen av QEMU. Kombinat\u00f6ren QEMU+NVMM kan redan m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r<\/a><\/noindex> framg\u00e5ngsrikt k\u00f6ra g\u00e4stsystem med FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Linux, Windows XP\/7\/8.1\/10 och andra operativsystem p\u00e5 x86_64-system med AMD- och Intel-processorer (sj\u00e4lva NVMM \u00e4r inte kopplad till n\u00e5gon specifik arkitektur, till exempel kan den fungera p\u00e5 ARM64-system om motsvarande backend skapas). Bland vidare anv\u00e4ndningsomr\u00e5den f\u00f6r NVMM n\u00e4mns \u00e4ven sandbox-isolering av specifika applikationer.<\/p>\n

\"Projektet<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

K\u00e4lla: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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