{"id":33659,"date":"2019-10-31T21:53:59","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/predstavlen-novyj-klass-uyazvimostej-v-protsessorah-intel\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:53:59","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:59","slug":"predstavlen-novyj-klass-uyazvimostej-v-protsessorah-intel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/news\/predstavlen-novyj-klass-uyazvimostej-v-protsessorah-intel","title":{"rendered":"En ny klass av s\u00e5rbarheter i Intel-processorer har presenterats.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Intel <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/security-center\/advisory\/intel-sa-00233.html\">publicerade<\/a><\/noindex> information om den nya <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/architecture-and-technology\/mds.html\">klass av s\u00e5rbarheter<\/a><\/noindex> i sina processorer \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/\">MDS<\/a><\/noindex> (Microarchitectural Data Sampling). Precis som tidigare attacker av Spectre-klass kan de nya problemen leda till l\u00e4ckage av k\u00e4nslig information fr\u00e5n operativsystem, virtuella maskiner och andra processer. Det h\u00e4vdas att problemen f\u00f6rst uppt\u00e4cktes av anst\u00e4llda och partner till Intel under en intern granskning, varefter information om liknande problem i Intel \u00f6verl\u00e4mnades till oberoende forskare. Processorer fr\u00e5n AMD och ARM \u00e4r inte p\u00e5verkade av problemet.<\/p>\n<p>Baserat p\u00e5 de identifierade problemen har forskare fr\u00e5n Grazer tekniska universitet (\u00d6sterrike) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cpu.fail\/\">utvecklat<\/a><\/noindex> flertalet praktiska attacker via sidokanaler:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/zombieloadattack.com\/\">ZombieLoad<\/a><\/noindex>  (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/zombieloadattack.com\/zombieload.pdf\">PDF<\/a><\/noindex>) \u2014 m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r extrahering av konfidentiell information fr\u00e5n andra processer, operativsystem, virtuella maskiner och skyddade omr\u00e5den (TEE, Trusted Execution Environment). Till exempel har m\u00f6jligheten att best\u00e4mma historik av \u00f6ppnade sidor i Tor-webbl\u00e4saren, som k\u00f6rs i en annan virtuell maskin, demonstrerats, liksom att identifiera de nycklar och l\u00f6senord som anv\u00e4nds i applikationer;\n<p><center><br \/>\n<video controls=\"\" style=\"width: 720px; max-width:100%\" poster=\"https:\/\/zombieloadattack.com\/public\/images\/demo.jpg\"  src=\"https:\/\/zombieloadattack.com\/public\/videos\/demo_720.mp4\"><source src=\"https:\/\/zombieloadattack.com\/public\/videos\/demo_720.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\" label=\"720p\"><\/video><\/center><\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/\">RIDL<\/a><\/noindex> (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/files\/ridl.pdf\">PDF<\/a><\/noindex>) \u2014 m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r informationsl\u00e4ckage mellan olika isolerade omr\u00e5den i Intel-processorer, s\u00e5som lagringsbuffertar, fyllnadsbuffertar och lastportar. Exempel p\u00e5 attacker har visats f\u00f6r att organisera l\u00e4ckor fr\u00e5n andra processer, operativsystem, virtuella maskiner och skyddade omr\u00e5den. Till exempel har det visats hur man kan ta reda p\u00e5 inneh\u00e5llet i root-l\u00f6senordshashen fr\u00e5n \/etc\/shadow vid periodiska autentiseringf\u00f6rs\u00f6k (attacken tog 24 timmar);\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"JXPebaGY8RA\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/JXPebaGY8RA\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Spela video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Dessutom visades ett exempel p\u00e5 en attack med anv\u00e4ndning av JavaScript och WebAssembly vid \u00f6ppning av en skadlig sida i SpiderMonkey-motorn (i moderna fullfj\u00e4drade webbl\u00e4sare \u00e4r en s\u00e5dan attack osannolik p\u00e5 grund av timerprecisionens begr\u00e4nsningar och \u00e5tg\u00e4rder f\u00f6r att skydda mot Spectre);<\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"KAgoDQmod1Y\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/KAgoDQmod1Y\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Spela video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/\">Fallout<\/a><\/noindex> (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/files\/fallout.pdf\">PDF<\/a><\/noindex>) \u2014 ger m\u00f6jlighet att l\u00e4sa data som nyligen har skrivits av operativsystemet och best\u00e4mma OS-minneslayouten f\u00f6r att underl\u00e4tta genomf\u00f6randet av andra attacker;\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cpu.fail\/store_to_leak_forwarding.pdf\">Store-To-Leak Forwarding<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 utnyttjar CPU-optimeringar f\u00f6r att arbeta med lagringsbuffrar och kan anv\u00e4nda f\u00f6r att kringg\u00e5 mekanismen f\u00f6r randomisering av k\u00e4rnans adresseringsutrymme (KASLR), f\u00f6r att \u00f6vervaka tillst\u00e5ndet av operativsystemet eller f\u00f6r <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cyberus-technology.de\/posts\/2019-05-14-zombieload.html\">organisationen<\/a><\/noindex> l\u00e4ckor i kombination med gadgetar baserade p\u00e5 Spectre-metoder.\n<\/ul>\n<p>Identifierade <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/software-guidance\/microarchitectural-data-sampling\">s\u00e5rbarheten<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2018-12126 \u2014 MSBDS (Microarchitectural Store Buffer Data Sampling), \u00e5terh\u00e4mtning av inneh\u00e5llet i lagringsbuffrar. Anv\u00e4nds i FallenAttack. Riskniv\u00e5n har satts till 6.5 po\u00e4ng (CVSS);\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2018-12127 \u2014 MLPDS (Microarchitectural Load Port Data Sampling), \u00e5terh\u00e4mtning av inneh\u00e5llet i lastportar. Anv\u00e4nds i RIDL-attacken. CVSS 6.5;\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2018-12130 \u2014 MFBDS (Microarchitectural Fill Buffer Data Sampling), \u00e5terh\u00e4mtning av inneh\u00e5llet i fyllnadsbuffrar. Anv\u00e4nds i ZombieLoad- och RIDL-attacker. CVSS 6.5;\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2019-11091 \u2014 MDSUM (Microarchitectural Data Sampling Uncacheable Memory), \u00e5terh\u00e4mtning av inneh\u00e5llet i icke-cacheminnet. Anv\u00e4nds i RIDL-attacken. CVSS 3.8.\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/insights\/deep-dive-intel-analysis-microarchitectural-data-sampling\">Essens<\/a><\/noindex> identifierade problem med anv\u00e4ndning av analysmetoder via sidokanaler p\u00e5 data i mikroarkitektoniska strukturer, som applikationerna inte har direkt tillg\u00e5ng till. Det handlar om s\u00e5dana l\u00e5g niv\u00e5 strukturer som fyllnadsbuffertar (Line Fill Buffer), lagringsbuffertar (Store Buffer) och lastportar (Load Port), som \u00e4r mindre komponenter \u00e4n f\u00f6rsta niv\u00e5ns cache (L1D), dataladdningscache (RDCL) eller L1TF (L1 Terminal Fault), och inkluderar d\u00e4rf\u00f6r mindre information och uppdateras mer intensivt.<br \/>\n<center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"En ny klass av s\u00e5rbarheter i Intel-processorer har presenterats.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/205ff034e070b8b057f01c02d6381c2a.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Sidkanalsattacker p\u00e5 mikroarkitektoniska strukturer \u00e4r betydligt sv\u00e5rare att genomf\u00f6ra j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med metoder f\u00f6r att \u00e5terst\u00e4lla cacheinneh\u00e5ll och kr\u00e4ver sp\u00e5rning och analys av stora datam\u00e4ngder f\u00f6r att fastst\u00e4lla deras koppling till specifika minnesadresser (i praktiken kan angriparen inte avsiktligt f\u00e5nga specifika data, utan kan under en l\u00e4ngre tid samla l\u00e4ckor och anv\u00e4nda statistiska metoder f\u00f6r att rekonstruera specifika typer av data). Dessutom p\u00e5verkar attacken endast data p\u00e5 samma fysiska CPU-k\u00e4rna som angriparens kod.<\/p>\n<p>De f\u00f6reslagna metoderna f\u00f6r att best\u00e4mma inneh\u00e5llet i mikroarkitektoniska strukturer bygger p\u00e5 att dessa strukturer anv\u00e4nds vid spekulativ undantagsbehandling (fault) eller last- och lagringsoperationer.<br \/>\nVid spekulativ exekvering omdirigeras inneh\u00e5llet i interna strukturer f\u00f6r behandling till register eller cache. Spekulativa operationer avslutas inte och resultatet kasseras, men det omdirigerade inneh\u00e5llet kan best\u00e4mmas genom metoder f\u00f6r cacheanalys via sidokanaler.<\/p>\n<p>Laddningsportar anv\u00e4nds av processorn f\u00f6r att h\u00e4mta data fr\u00e5n minnet eller I\/O-subsystemet och f\u00f6r att tillhandah\u00e5lla den erh\u00e5llna informationen i CPU-register. P\u00e5 grund av implementeringsverkligheten f\u00f6rblir data fr\u00e5n gamla laddningsoperationer i portarna tills de skrivs \u00f6ver med ny data, vilket m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r en indirekt best\u00e4mning av dataets tillst\u00e5nd i laddningsporten genom manipuleringar med undantag (fault) och instruktioner SSE\/AVX\/AVX-512 som laddar mer \u00e4n 64 bitar data. Under s\u00e5dana f\u00f6rh\u00e5llanden spekulerar laddningsoperationer i gamla v\u00e4rden av data fr\u00e5n interna strukturer i beroende operationer. P\u00e5 liknande s\u00e4tt organiseras l\u00e4ckor genom bufferten som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att p\u00e5skynda skrivningar till CPU-cache och som inkluderar en adress-, v\u00e4rde- och flaggtabell, samt genom fyllnadsbufferten som inneh\u00e5ller data som saknas i L1-cachen (cache-miss) under tiden de laddas fr\u00e5n andra niv\u00e5ers cacher.<\/p>\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/pics_base\/0_1557869220.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"En ny klass av s\u00e5rbarheter i Intel-processorer har presenterats.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/1f8bf290cd6ecbec5a5f17cc3103010d.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Problemet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/architecture-and-technology\/engineering-new-protections-into-hardware.html\">l\u00f6sningar baserade p\u00e5 det \u00f6ppna UPnP-stacket<\/a><\/noindex> Intel-processormodeller som har sl\u00e4ppts sedan 2011 (fr\u00e5n och med sj\u00e4tte generationen). H\u00e4r blockerar h\u00e5rdvarus\u00e5rbarheter som b\u00f6rjar med vissa modeller av \u00e5ttonde och nionde generationens Intel Core och andra generationens Intel Xeon Scalable (kan kontrolleras genom biten ARCH_CAP_MDS_NO i IA32_ARCH_CAPABILITIES MSR). S\u00e5rbarheterna \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 redan <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/architecture-and-technology\/mds.html\">l\u00f6sta<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00e5 niv\u00e5n av firmware, mikrokod och operativsystem. Enligt Intel \u00f6kar f\u00f6rlusten av prestanda efter aktivering av korrigeringen f\u00f6r de flesta anv\u00e4ndare <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/architecture-and-technology\/mds.html\">inte mer \u00e4n<\/a><\/noindex> 3%. Vid inaktivering av Hyper-Threading kan prestandan minska med upp till 9% i SPECint_rate_base-testet, upp till 11% vid aktiva heltalsber\u00e4kningar och upp till 19% vid k\u00f6rning av servrar f\u00f6r Java-applikationer (vid aktiverat HT \u00e4r prestandafallet praktiskt taget obefintligt). Korrigeringarna har n\u00e4stan ingen inverkan p\u00e5 prestandan f\u00f6r in- och utmatningsoperationer.<\/p>\n<p>I Linux-k\u00e4rnan skyddas mot MDS <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=fa4bff165070dc40a3de35b78e4f8da8e8d85ec5\">har lagts till<\/a><\/noindex> i dagens <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/\">uppdateringar<\/a><\/noindex>  \t5.1.2, 5.0.16,<br \/>\n4.19.43, 4.14.119 och 4.9.176. Skyddsmetoden <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/x86\/mds.html#mds\">bygger<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00e5 att rensa inneh\u00e5llet i mikroarkitekturens buffertar vid \u00e5terg\u00e5ng fr\u00e5n k\u00e4rnan till anv\u00e4ndarutrymme eller vid \u00f6verf\u00f6ring av kontrollen till ett g\u00e4stsystem, f\u00f6r vilket instruktionen VERW anv\u00e4nds. F\u00f6r att skyddet ska fungera kr\u00e4vs st\u00f6d f\u00f6r MD_CLEAR-l\u00e4get, implementerat i den senaste mikrokodsuppdateringen. F\u00f6r fullst\u00e4ndigt skydd rekommenderas det ocks\u00e5 att st\u00e4nga av Hyper-Threading. F\u00f6r att kontrollera systemets s\u00e5rbarhet mot k\u00e4rnan i Linux <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/admin-guide\/hw-vuln\/mds.html\">tillagd<\/a><\/noindex> hanterare \u00ab\/sys\/devices\/system\/cpu\/vulnerabilities\/mds\u00bb. F\u00f6r att styra aktivering av olika blockeringsl\u00e4ge f\u00f6r s\u00e5rbarheten har ett parameter \u00abmds=\u00bb lagts till k\u00e4rnan, som kan anta v\u00e4rdena \u00abfull\u00bb, \u00abfull,nosmt\u00bb (avst\u00e4ngning av Hyper-Threads), \u00abvmwerv\u00bb och \u00aboff\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p> Paketuppdateringar har redan sl\u00e4ppts f\u00f6r <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bugzilla.redhat.com\/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2018-12127\">RHEL<\/a><\/noindex> och <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/people.canonical.com\/~ubuntu-security\/cve\/2018\/CVE-2018-12127.html\">Ubuntu<\/a><\/noindex>, men \u00e4r fortfarande inte tillg\u00e4ngliga f\u00f6r <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/security-tracker.debian.org\/tracker\/CVE-2018-12130\">Debian<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bodhi.fedoraproject.org\/updates\/?releases=F30&#038;type=security\">Fedora<\/a><\/noindex> och <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.suse.com\/security\/cve\/CVE-2018-12127\/\">SUSE<\/a><\/noindex>.<br \/>\nBuggfixar f\u00f6r att blockera datal\u00e4ckor fr\u00e5n virtuella maskiner \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/xenbits.xen.org\/xsa\/advisory-297.html\">har formulerats<\/a><\/noindex> f\u00f6r hypervisorn Xen. F\u00f6r att skydda virtualiseringens system, som utf\u00f6r kommandot L1D_FLUSH innan kontrollen \u00f6verf\u00f6rs till en annan virtuell maskin, och f\u00f6r att skydda Intel SGX-enklaver r\u00e4cker det med en mikroprogramsuppdatering.  <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>K\u00e4lla: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50684\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Intel \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 &#8212; MDS (Microarchitectural Data Sampling). \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 Spectre \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0447\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0423\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0451\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 Intel \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0431 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":25348,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33659","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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