{"id":34324,"date":"2019-10-31T21:57:38","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:57:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/namechena-bolshaya-chistka-standartnoj-biblioteki-python\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:57:38","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:57:38","slug":"namechena-bolshaya-chistka-standartnoj-biblioteki-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/news\/namechena-bolshaya-chistka-standartnoj-biblioteki-python","title":{"rendered":"En stor rensning av Python-standardbiblioteket \u00e4r planerad","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Utvecklarna av Python-projektet har publicerat<\/a><\/noindex> har f\u00f6reslagit (PEP 594) att genomf\u00f6ra en betydande rensning av standardbiblioteket. B\u00e5de uppenbart f\u00f6r\u00e5ldrade och smala funktioner samt komponenter med arkitektoniska problem som inte kan enas f\u00f6r alla plattformar f\u00f6resl\u00e5s tas bort fr\u00e5n Python-standardbiblioteket. <\/p>\n

Till exempel f\u00f6resl\u00e5s det att moduler som crypt (inte tillg\u00e4nglig f\u00f6r Windows och beroende av tillg\u00e5ng till hash-algoritmer i systembiblioteken), cgi (inte optimal arkitektur, kr\u00e4ver att en ny process startas f\u00f6r varje beg\u00e4ran), imp (det rekommenderas att anv\u00e4nda importlib), pipes (det rekommenderas att anv\u00e4nda subprocess-modulen), nis (det rekommenderas att anv\u00e4nda NSS, LDAP eller Kerberos\/GSSAPI), spwd (det rekommenderas inte att arbeta direkt med anv\u00e4ndardatabasen) tas bort fr\u00e5n standardbiblioteket. Moduler som binhex, uu, xdrlib,
\n aifc,
\n audioop,
\n chunk,
\n imghdr,
\n ossaudiodev,
\n sndhdr,
\n sunau,
\n asynchat,
\n asyncore,
\n cgitb,
\n smtpd,
\n nntplib, macpath,
\n formatter, msilib och parser.<\/p>\n

I enlighet med den f\u00f6reslagna planen kommer dessa moduler i Python 3.8 att markeras som f\u00f6r\u00e5ldrade, i Python 3.8 kommer en varning att b\u00f6rja visas, och i Python 3.10 kommer de att tas bort fr\u00e5n CPython-repositorierna.
\n Parser-modulen planeras att tas bort i version 3.9, d\u00e5 den m\u00e4rktes som f\u00f6r\u00e5ldrad redan i Python 2.5-utg\u00e5van, medan macpath i version 3.8. Efter att ha tagits bort fr\u00e5n huvudkoden kommer koden att flyttas till ett separat repository legacylib och dess \u00f6de kommer att bero p\u00e5 intresset fr\u00e5n communityn. Det f\u00f6rv\u00e4ntas att Python 3.9-grenen kommer att st\u00f6djas fram till 2026, vilket ger tillr\u00e4ckligt med tid f\u00f6r att migrera projekt till externa alternativ.<\/p>\n

Ursprungligen f\u00f6reslogs ocks\u00e5 modulerna ftplib, optparse, getopt, colorsys, fileinput, lib2to3 och wave f\u00f6r borttagning, men det beslutades att h\u00e5lla dem kvar i standardbiblioteket, eftersom de \u00e4r allm\u00e4nt spridda och f\u00f6rblir relevanta, trots att det finns mer avancerade alternativ eller kopplingar till specifika funktioner i operativsystem.<\/p>\n

Det \u00e4r v\u00e4rt att p\u00e5minna om att Python ursprungligen anv\u00e4nder en metod d\u00e4r \"batterier ing\u00e5r i paketet\", vilket inneb\u00e4r att standardbiblioteket erbjuder en omfattande upps\u00e4ttning funktioner f\u00f6r olika till\u00e4mpningar. Bland f\u00f6rdelarna med detta tillv\u00e4gag\u00e5ngss\u00e4tt finns f\u00f6renklingen av hanteringen av Python-projekt och \u00f6vervakningen av s\u00e4kerheten hos de moduler som anv\u00e4nds i projekten. S\u00e5rbarheter i moduler blir ofta en k\u00e4lla till s\u00e5rbarheter i de applikationer som anv\u00e4nder dem. Om funktionerna ing\u00e5r i standardbiblioteket r\u00e4cker det med att \u00f6vervaka tillst\u00e5ndet f\u00f6r huvudprojektet. Vid en uppdelning av standardbiblioteket m\u00e5ste utvecklare anv\u00e4nda tredjepartsmoduler, och s\u00e5rbarheterna i varje modul m\u00e5ste kontrolleras separat. Vid h\u00f6g grad av uppdelning och ett stort antal beroenden uppst\u00e5r en risk f\u00f6r attacker genom att kompromissa med infrastrukturen hos modulutvecklarna.<\/p>\n

\u00c5 andra sidan kr\u00e4ver varje ytterligare modul i standardbiblioteket resurser fr\u00e5n Python-utvecklarteamet f\u00f6r underh\u00e5ll. Biblioteket har samlat ett stort antal duplicerade och on\u00f6diga funktioner, vars borttagning kan s\u00e4nka kostnaderna f\u00f6r underh\u00e5ll. I takt med utvecklingen av katalogen PyPI<\/a><\/noindex> och f\u00f6renklingen av processen f\u00f6r installation och h\u00e4mtning av ytterligare paket, har anv\u00e4ndningen av externa moduler blivit lika vanligt som inbyggda funktioner. <\/p>\n

Allt fler utvecklare anv\u00e4nder mer funktionella externa alternativ till standardmoduler, till exempel anv\u00e4nder de modulen lxml ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r xml. Borttagningen av \u00f6vergivna moduler fr\u00e5n standardbiblioteket kommer att \u00f6ka populariteten av alternativ som aktivt utvecklas av gemenskapen. Dessutom kommer en minskning av standardbiblioteket att leda till en minskning av storleken p\u00e5 den grundl\u00e4ggande leveransen, vilket \u00e4r relevant vid anv\u00e4ndning av Python p\u00e5 inb\u00e4ddade plattformar med begr\u00e4nsat lagringsutrymme.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

K\u00e4lla: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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