{"id":34430,"date":"2019-10-31T21:58:16","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/pochemu-inzhenery-ne-zabotyatsya-o-monitoringe-prilozhenij\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:58:16","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:16","slug":"pochemu-inzhenery-ne-zabotyatsya-o-monitoringe-prilozhenij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/pochemu-inzhenery-ne-zabotyatsya-o-monitoringe-prilozhenij","title":{"rendered":"Varf\u00f6r bryr sig ingenj\u00f6rer inte om applikations\u00f6vervakning?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Glad it's Friday! Friends, today we continue the series of publications dedicated to the course \u00abDevOps metoder och verktyg\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex>, as classes in the new group for the course will begin at the end of next week. So, let's get started!<\/p>\n

\"Varf\u00f6r
\n
\nMonitoring is enkel<\/b>. This is a well-known fact. Start Nagios, run NRPE on the remote system, configure Nagios on TCP port 5666 for NRPE and you have monitoring.<\/p>\n

It's so easy that it's uninteresting. Now you have basic metrics for CPU time, disk subsystems, and RAM, which come configured by default in Nagios and NRPE. But this isn't really 'monitoring' as such. It's just the beginning.<\/p>\n

(Typically, you install PNP4Nagios, RRDtool, and Thruk, set notifications in Slack, and head straight to nagiosexchange, but let's skip that for now).<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Good monitoring<\/b> is actually quite complex; you really need to know the ins and outs of the application you are monitoring.<\/p>\n

Is monitoring complicated?<\/h2>\n

\nAny server, whether Linux or Windows, will, by definition, serve some purpose. Apache, Samba, Tomcat, file storage, LDAP\u2014all these services are more or less unique in one or more ways. Each has its own function, its own features. There are different ways to obtain metrics, KPIs (key performance indicators), that interest you when the server is under load.<\/p>\n

\"Varf\u00f6r
\nPhoto by Luke Chesser<\/a><\/noindex> till Unsplash
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

( \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0448\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0434\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e-\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u043c\u0435\u0447\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0434\u044b\u0445\u0430\u044f \u2014\u2026 \u0445\u043c…)<\/p>\n

Any software that provides services must have a mechanism for collecting metrics. Apache has the module mod-status<\/code>, which displays the server status page. Nginx has stub_status<\/code>. Tomcat has JMX or specialized web applications that show key metrics. MySQL has the command 'show global status' etc.
\nSo why don\u2019t developers embed such mechanisms into the applications they create?<\/p>\n

Is it only developers who do this?<\/h2>\n

\nA certain level of indifference to embedding metrics is not limited to developers. I've worked in companies where applications were developed using Tomcat without providing any of their metrics, no service activity logs except for the general Tomcat error logs. Some developers generate an abundance of logs that are meaningless to the system administrator unlucky enough to read them at 3:15 AM.<\/p>\n

\"Varf\u00f6r
\nPhoto by Tim Gouw<\/a><\/noindex> till Unsplash<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Systemingenj\u00f6rer som m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r f\u00f6r dessa produkter att sl\u00e4ppas m\u00e5ste ocks\u00e5 b\u00e4ra ett visst ansvar f\u00f6r situationen. F\u00e5 systemingenj\u00f6rer har tid eller intresse att f\u00f6rs\u00f6ka f\u00e5 meningsfulla m\u00e5tt fr\u00e5n loggar, utan kontexten av dessa m\u00e5tt och m\u00f6jligheten att tolka dem i ljuset av applikationens aktivitet. Vissa f\u00f6rst\u00e5r inte vilken nytta de kan f\u00e5 av detta, ut\u00f6ver indikatorer som \"n\u00e5got f\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande (eller snart) \u00e4r fel\".<\/p>\n

Det finns ett behov av att f\u00f6r\u00e4ndra t\u00e4nkes\u00e4ttet kring vikten av m\u00e5tt, vilket m\u00e5ste ske inte bara bland utvecklare utan ocks\u00e5 bland systemingenj\u00f6rer.<\/p>\n

F\u00f6r varje systemingenj\u00f6r som beh\u00f6ver b\u00e5de reagera p\u00e5 kritiska h\u00e4ndelser och s\u00e4kerst\u00e4lla att de inte intr\u00e4ffar, \u00e4r bristen p\u00e5 m\u00e5tt vanligtvis ett hinder f\u00f6r detta.<\/p>\n

Men systemingenj\u00f6rer grubblar oftast inte \u00f6ver koden, utan tj\u00e4nar pengar f\u00f6r sitt f\u00f6retag. De beh\u00f6ver ledande utvecklare som f\u00f6rst\u00e5r vikten av systemingenj\u00f6rens ansvar i att uppt\u00e4cka problem, \u00f6ka medvetenheten om prestandaproblem och liknande.<\/p>\n

Den h\u00e4r devops-grejen<\/h2>\n

\nDevops-mentaliteten beskriver synergin mellan utvecklare (dev) och drift (ops). Vilket f\u00f6retag som helst som h\u00e4vdar att de \"g\u00f6r devops\" m\u00e5ste:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. s\u00e4ga n\u00e5got som de f\u00f6rmodligen inte g\u00f6r (en anspelning p\u00e5 ett meme fr\u00e5n filmen \"Prinsessan bruden\" \u2014 \"Jag tror inte att det betyder det du tror att det betyder!\")<\/li>\n
  2. uppmuntra en st\u00e4llning f\u00f6r st\u00e4ndig produktf\u00f6rb\u00e4ttring.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nDu kan inte f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra en produkt och veta att den har f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrats om du inte vet hur den fungerar just nu. Du kommer inte att kunna f\u00f6rst\u00e5 hur produkten fungerar om du inte f\u00f6rst\u00e5r hur dess komponenter, de tj\u00e4nster den \u00e4r beroende av, dess centrala sm\u00e4rtpunkter och flaskhalsar fungerar.
    \nOm du inte \u00f6vervakar potentiella flaskhalsar, kommer du inte att kunna f\u00f6lja tekniken \"Fem varf\u00f6r\" n\u00e4r du skriver Postmortem. Du kommer inte att kunna samla allt p\u00e5 en sk\u00e4rm f\u00f6r att se hur produkten fungerar eller ta reda p\u00e5 hur den ser ut \"normal och glad\".<\/p>\n

    Vridning till v\u00e4nster, TILL V\u00c4NSTER, JAG SADE, V\u00c4\u00c4\u00c4\u00c4\u00c4\u00c4NTE\u2014 <\/h2>\n

    \nF\u00f6r mig \u00e4r en av de centrala principerna inom Devops \"Vridning till v\u00e4nster\" (shift left). Vridning till v\u00e4nster i detta sammanhang betyder att flytta m\u00f6jligheten (inte ansvaret<\/b>, och bara m\u00f6jligheterna) att g\u00f6ra det som systemingenj\u00f6rer vanligtvis bryr sig om, till exempel att skapa prestandametrik, anv\u00e4nda loggar mer effektivt osv., i b\u00f6rjan av programvaruleveransens livscykel (Software Delivery Life Cycle).<\/p>\n

    \"Varf\u00f6r
    \nPhoto by     NESA by Makers<\/a><\/noindex> till Unsplash<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

    Programvaruutvecklare b\u00f6r ha m\u00f6jlighet att anv\u00e4nda och f\u00f6rst\u00e5 de \u00f6vervakningsverktyg som f\u00f6retaget anv\u00e4nder f\u00f6r att \u00f6vervaka i alla dess former, metriker, loggning, \u00f6vervakningsgr\u00e4nssnitt och, viktigast av allt, \u00f6vervaka hur deras produkt fungerar i produktion<\/i>. Du kan inte tvinga utvecklare att investera tid och kraft i \u00f6vervakning f\u00f6rr\u00e4n de kan se metrikerna och p\u00e5verka hur de ser ut, hur produkt\u00e4garen presenterar dem f\u00f6r deras CTO vid n\u00e4sta briefing, osv.<\/p>\n

    Kort sagt<\/h2>\n

    <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Led h\u00e4sten till vattnet. Visa utvecklarna hur m\u00e5nga problem de kan undvika f\u00f6r sig sj\u00e4lva, hj\u00e4lp dem att identifiera r\u00e4tt KPI:er och metriker f\u00f6r sina applikationer, s\u00e5 att det blir mindre skrik fr\u00e5n produkt\u00e4garen som f\u00e5r sk\u00e4ll av teknikchefen (CTO). Dra dem fram i ljuset, mjukt och lugnt. Om det inte fungerar, k\u00f6p, hota och \u00f6vertala antingen dem eller produkt\u00e4garen att snabbt genomf\u00f6ra insamlingen av dessa metriker fr\u00e5n applikationerna, och sedan rita diagram. Detta kommer att vara sv\u00e5rt, eftersom det inte kommer att betraktas som en prioritet, och produktens f\u00e4rdplan kommer att ha m\u00e5nga v\u00e4ntande projekt f\u00f6r genomf\u00f6rande som genererar int\u00e4kter. S\u00e5 du kommer att beh\u00f6va en ekonomisk motivering f\u00f6r att r\u00e4ttf\u00e4rdiga tid och resurser som investeras i att inf\u00f6ra \u00f6vervakning i produkten.<\/li>\n
    2. Hj\u00e4lp systemingenj\u00f6rerna att f\u00e5 sin s\u00f6mn. Visa dem att det \u00e4r bra att anv\u00e4nda checklistan \"sl\u00e4pp en release\" f\u00f6r alla produkter som sl\u00e4pps. Att s\u00e4kerst\u00e4lla att alla applikationer i produktion \u00e4r t\u00e4ckta med metrik kommer att bidra till en god natts s\u00f6mn, vilket g\u00f6r att utvecklarna kan se vad och var n\u00e5got fungerar d\u00e5ligt. \u00c4nd\u00e5 \u00e4r det det r\u00e4tta s\u00e4ttet att irritera och frustrera varje utvecklare, produkt\u00e4gare och teknisk chef att ih\u00e4rdigt s\u00e4tta k\u00e4ppar i hjulen och motst\u00e5. Ett s\u00e5dant beteende kommer att p\u00e5verka releasedatumet f\u00f6r varje produkt, om man v\u00e4ntar till sista minuten igen, s\u00e5 g\u00f6r om justeringen \u00e5t v\u00e4nster och integrera dessa fr\u00e5gor i projektplanen s\u00e5 snart som m\u00f6jligt. Om det \u00e4r n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndigt, smyga dig in p\u00e5 produktm\u00f6ten. B\u00e4r fejkade mustascher och hatt eller n\u00e5got liknande, det misslyckas aldrig. Rapportera dina problem, visa tydliga f\u00f6rdelar och sprid budskapet.<\/li>\n
    3. Se till att b\u00e5de utvecklarna (dev) och driften (ops) f\u00f6rst\u00e5r betydelsen och konsekvenserna av att produktmetrik g\u00e5r in i \"den r\u00f6da zonen\". L\u00e5t inte driften vara den enda vakten som ser till att produkten fungerar, se till att utvecklarna ocks\u00e5 \u00e4r delaktiga i detta (#productsquads).<\/li>\n
    4. Loggar \u00e4r fantastiska, men metrik \u00e4r det ocks\u00e5. Sammanfoga dem och l\u00e5t inte dina loggar bli skr\u00e4p i en enorm, brinnande boll av meningsl\u00f6shet. F\u00f6rklara och visa utvecklarna varf\u00f6r ingen annan \u00e4n dem kommer att kunna f\u00f6rst\u00e5 deras loggar, visa dem hur det \u00e4r att titta p\u00e5 meningsl\u00f6sa loggar klockan 3:15 p\u00e5 morgonen.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \n\"Varf\u00f6r
      \nPhoto by       Marko Horvat<\/a><\/noindex> till Unsplash<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

      Det var allt f\u00f6r nu. Nytt material lanseras n\u00e4sta vecka. Om du vill veta mer om kursen, h\u00e4lsar vi dig v\u00e4lkommen till \u00f6ppen hus dag<\/a><\/noindex>, som \u00e4ger rum redan p\u00e5 m\u00e5ndag. Och just nu ser vi traditionsenligt fram emot dina kommentarer.
      \n
      K\u00e4lla:       habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439! \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f, \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0443 \u00abDevOps \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b\u00bb, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0451\u043c! \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 Nagios, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 NRPE \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 Nagios \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 NRPE TCP 5666 \u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":25942,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34430","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Varf\u00f6r bryr sig inte ingenj\u00f6rer om applikations\u00f6vervakning? 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