{"id":34721,"date":"2019-10-31T22:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/plany-po-usileniyu-mehanizma-zashhity-w-x-v-openbsd\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:00:00","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:00:00","slug":"plany-po-usileniyu-mehanizma-zashhity-w-x-v-openbsd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/news\/plany-po-usileniyu-mehanizma-zashhity-w-x-v-openbsd","title":{"rendered":"Planer f\u00f6r att st\u00e4rka skyddsmekanismen W^X i OpenBSD","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Theo De Raadt <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/marc.info\/?l=openbsd-tech&#038;m=155899373514678&#038;w=2\">delte<\/a><\/noindex> planer f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rst\u00e4rka W^X (Write XOR Execute) minnesskyddsmekanismen. Id\u00e9n bakom mekanismen \u00e4r att processens minnessidor inte samtidigt kan vara tillg\u00e4ngliga f\u00f6r skrivning och exekvering. P\u00e5 s\u00e5 s\u00e4tt kan koden exekveras f\u00f6rst efter att skrivning har f\u00f6rhindrats, och skrivning till minnessidan \u00e4r endast m\u00f6jlig efter att exekvering har f\u00f6rhindrats. W^X-mekanismen hj\u00e4lper till att skydda anv\u00e4ndarutrymmet fr\u00e5n typiska attacker som utf\u00f6rs genom buffert\u00f6verskridning, inklusive stack\u00f6verskridningar, och \u00e4r aktiv i OpenBSD. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=44506\">standard<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Fr\u00e5n b\u00f6rjan av arbetet med W^X var det klart att detta skulle bli en l\u00e5ng v\u00e4g, eftersom det finns ett betydande antal applikationer som anv\u00e4nder JIT. JIT-implementationer kan delas in i tre kategorier:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V\u00e4xlar mellan W och X tillst\u00e5nd, medveten om \"kostnaden\" f\u00f6r systemanrop. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/man.openbsd.org\/mprotect.2\">mprotect<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Skapar alias mellan ett par W och X-mappingar av samma minne.\n<li class=\"l\"> Den mest \"smutsiga\" varianten \u2014 som kr\u00e4ver en W|X minnesmodell som till\u00e5ter samtidig skrivning och exekvering.\n<\/ul>\n<p>Numera finns det markant f\u00e4rre program som anv\u00e4nder den tredje varianten och fler som anv\u00e4nder den f\u00f6rsta och andra. \u00c4nd\u00e5, eftersom det var n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndigt att k\u00f6ra program med W|X JIT (fr\u00e4mst Chromium och Iridum), har en option f\u00f6r att montera filsystemet \"wxallowed\" lagts till, vilket till\u00e5ter anv\u00e4ndning av minnet b\u00e5de f\u00f6r skrivning och exekvering, om den exekverbara ELF-filen \u00e4r markerad med \"wxneeded\", och sj\u00e4lva applikationerna ytterligare skyddades genom att anv\u00e4nda mekanismer. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=43295\">pledge<\/a><\/noindex> och <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49042\">unveil<\/a><\/noindex> f\u00f6r att begr\u00e4nsa listan \u00f6ver anv\u00e4nda systemanrop och de delar av filsystemet som \u00e4r tillg\u00e4ngliga f\u00f6r applikationen.<\/p>\n<p>F\u00f6r att ytterligare komplicera utnyttjandet av s\u00e5rbarheter i s\u00e5dana applikationer f\u00f6reslogs en till\u00e4ggsmekanism. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48243\">MAP_STACK<\/a><\/noindex>, som kontrollerar om systemanropet utf\u00f6rs fr\u00e5n en minnessida som \u00e4r tillg\u00e4nglig f\u00f6r skrivning. Om sidan \u00e4r tillg\u00e4nglig f\u00f6r skrivning avslutas processen tvingat. S\u00e5ledes kan inte angriparen anv\u00e4nda systemanrop och tvingas f\u00f6rs\u00f6ka hitta n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndiga gadgets i JIT-implementationen eller till och med utf\u00f6ra ett sv\u00e5rare arbete med att uppt\u00e4cka stubbarna f\u00f6r systemanrop direkt i. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=44320\">slumptilldelad libc.<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n<p>Chrome- och Iridium-processerna \u00e4r tillr\u00e4ckligt skyddade med pledge och unveil, men att begr\u00e4nsa m\u00f6jligheten att anv\u00e4nda systemanrop som write(2) ger uppenbarligen n\u00e5gra f\u00f6rdelar, eftersom det skapar ytterligare sv\u00e5righeter f\u00f6r angriparen. \u00c5 andra sidan kan sv\u00e5righeter ocks\u00e5 uppst\u00e5 om JIT-implementationen anv\u00e4nder inbyggda systemanrop fr\u00e5n W|X-minnet. Det finns dock anledning att hoppas att detta inte blir ett problem, eftersom ABI har \u00e4ndrats flera g\u00e5nger, och ingen har n\u00e5gonsin rapporterat om n\u00e5gra problem.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c4ndringarna finns nu tillg\u00e4ngliga i de regelbundna snapshots f\u00f6r OpenBSD-CURRENT-grenen, alla intresserade \u00e4r inbjudna att testa.<\/p>\n<p>Theo f\u00f6rtj\u00e4nade en s\u00e4rskild kommentar ang\u00e5ende relaterade nyheter om introduktionen av l\u00e4gen i Chrome\/Iridium. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50559\">JITless<\/a><\/noindex>. Enligt hans \u00e5sikt \u00e4r detta acceptabelt f\u00f6r vissa anv\u00e4ndningsmodeller, men troligen inte f\u00f6r alla, eftersom belastningen p\u00e5 processorn uppenbarligen kommer att \u00f6ka i detta l\u00e4ge. Just nu kommer Chrome huvudsakligen att fungera om man inaktiverar &#171;wxallowed&#187; f\u00f6r \/usr\/local, \u00e4ven om det kan f\u00f6rekomma problem med vissa till\u00e4gg (exempelvis ghostery). Hur som helst hoppas Theo att den fullst\u00e4ndiga funktionen i JITless-l\u00e4get kommer att n\u00e5 en fullt fungerande status inom kort.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>K\u00e4lla: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50763\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0422\u0435\u043e \u0414\u0435 \u0420\u0430\u0430\u0434\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 W^X (Write XOR Execute). \u0421\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c W^X \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0422\u0435\u043e \u0414\u0435 \u0420\u0430\u0430\u0434\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e 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