{"id":36191,"date":"2019-10-31T22:10:11","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:10:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-korrektnye-otvety-respondentov-mogut-iskazit-rezultaty-oprosa-do-neuznavaemosti\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:10:11","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:10:11","slug":"kak-korrektnye-otvety-respondentov-mogut-iskazit-rezultaty-oprosa-do-neuznavaemosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/news\/kak-korrektnye-otvety-respondentov-mogut-iskazit-rezultaty-oprosa-do-neuznavaemosti","title":{"rendered":"Hur \"korrekta\" svar fr\u00e5n respondenter kan f\u00f6rvr\u00e4nga resultaten av en enk\u00e4t till oigenk\u00e4nnelighet","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Vid genomf\u00f6rande av en studie l\u00e4ggs stor vikt vid datainsamling, s\u00e5 n\u00e4r svar fr\u00e5n respondenterna har samlats in antas de per automatik vara korrekta och rapporten baserad p\u00e5 s\u00e5dana svar anses vara objektiv. Emellertid uppst\u00e5r det ofta situationer d\u00e4r en mer noggrann granskning av vissa svar avsl\u00f6jar tydliga missf\u00f6rst\u00e5nd fr\u00e5n respondenterna ang\u00e5ende formuleringarna av enk\u00e4ten eller instruktionerna till fr\u00e5gorna.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n1.<\/b> Missf\u00f6rst\u00e5nd av professionella termer eller vissa ord. Vid utformningen av en enk\u00e4t b\u00f6r man beakta f\u00f6r vilka grupper av respondenter den \u00e4r avsedd: \u00e5lder och status p\u00e5 deltagarna i enk\u00e4ten, om de bor i stora st\u00e4der eller avl\u00e4gsna byar, och s\u00e5 vidare. Man b\u00f6r anv\u00e4nda specialtermer och olika slanguttryck med f\u00f6rsiktighet \u2013 de kanske inte \u00e4r begripliga f\u00f6r alla respondenter eller kan uppfattas olika av olika personer. Oftast leder emellertid s\u00e5dana missf\u00f6rst\u00e5nd inte till att respondenten avbryter enk\u00e4ten (vilket naturligtvis skulle vara o\u00f6nskv\u00e4rt), och hen svarar p\u00e5 m\u00e5f\u00e5 (vilket \u00e4r \u00e4nnu mer o\u00f6nskat p\u00e5 grund av snedvridning av data).<\/p>\n

2.<\/b> Missf\u00f6rst\u00e5nd av fr\u00e5gan. M\u00e5nga forskare \u00e4r \u00f6vertygade om att varje respondent har en entydig och klart formulerad \u00e5sikt om varje fr\u00e5ga. S\u00e5 \u00e4r det inte. Ibland har deltagarna i enk\u00e4ten sv\u00e5rt att svara p\u00e5 fr\u00e5gan, eftersom de aldrig har t\u00e4nkt p\u00e5 \u00e4mnet i sin helhet eller ur den vinkeln. Denna sv\u00e5righet kan f\u00e5 respondenten att avbryta enk\u00e4ten eller att svara helt oinformativt. Hj\u00e4lp deltagarna i enk\u00e4ten att svara genom att formulera fr\u00e5gan tydligare och erbjuda olika svarsalternativ.<\/p>\n

\"HurK\u00e4lla: news.sportbox.ru<\/i><\/p>\n

3.<\/b> Missf\u00f6rst\u00e5nd av instruktioner f\u00f6r enk\u00e4ten eller specifika fr\u00e5gor. Precis som all text i enk\u00e4ten b\u00f6r formuleringarna av instruktionerna anpassas f\u00f6r alla grupper av f\u00f6rv\u00e4ntade respondenter. F\u00f6rs\u00f6k att undvika ett stort antal fr\u00e5gor d\u00e4r man beh\u00f6ver ange ett specifikt antal svar (\"Markera de tre viktigaste...\") eller i alla liknande fr\u00e5gor, definiera det samma antal svar som ska markeras. Det \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 bra att f\u00f6rkorta komplexa typer av fr\u00e5gor (matriser, rangordningar osv.) och ers\u00e4tta dem med enklare. Om du tror att respondenterna kan svara p\u00e5 enk\u00e4ten via mobiltelefon, f\u00f6rs\u00f6k f\u00f6renkla enk\u00e4tens struktur \u00e4nnu mer.<\/p>\n

4.<\/b> Missf\u00f6rst\u00e5nd av bed\u00f6mningsskalan. N\u00e4r du anv\u00e4nder en bed\u00f6mningsskala i enk\u00e4ten, f\u00f6rklara f\u00f6r respondenterna vad den betyder, \u00e4ven om det verkar uppenbart f\u00f6r dig. Till exempel f\u00f6rst\u00e5s den vanliga skalan fr\u00e5n 1 till 5 ofta i relation till betygssystemet i skolan, men ibland markerar respondenterna \"1\" och tillskriver det betydelsen av f\u00f6rsta plats. I verbala skalor \u00e4r det b\u00e4st att undvika subjektiva kriterier. Till exempel \u00e4r skalan \"aldrig - s\u00e4llan - ibland - ofta\" mycket subjektiv. Ist\u00e4llet b\u00f6r du erbjuda specifika v\u00e4rden (\"1 g\u00e5ng i m\u00e5naden\" osv.).<\/p>\n

5.<\/b> Generellt positiva och genomsnittliga bed\u00f6mningar. Tendensen hos respondenterna att ge allm\u00e4nt positiva bed\u00f6mningar st\u00f6r ofta, till exempel vid enk\u00e4ter om programvara och i andra liknande studier. Om en anv\u00e4ndare i allm\u00e4nhet \u00e4r n\u00f6jd med ditt program, \u00e4r det sv\u00e5rt f\u00f6r dem att bryta ner det i delar och separat bed\u00f6ma anv\u00e4ndargr\u00e4nssnittet, den nya funktionaliteten osv. Sannolikt kommer de att ge h\u00f6ga po\u00e4ng \u00f6verallt. Ja, rapporten med enk\u00e4tens resultat kommer att se mycket positiv ut, men resultaten kommer inte att till\u00e5ta en verklig bed\u00f6mning av situationen.
\nGenomsnittliga bed\u00f6mningar st\u00f6r ofta, till exempel vid 360-graders medarbetarutv\u00e4rdering. Anst\u00e4llda tenderar att s\u00e4tta medelpo\u00e4ng p\u00e5 alla kompetenser: om f\u00f6rh\u00e5llandet till en kollega \u00e4r positivt \u2013 kommer du att se \u00f6verdrivna po\u00e4ng i hela enk\u00e4ten, om relationerna med kollegan \u00e4r sp\u00e4nda, kommer \u00e4ven deras uppenbara starka ledarskapsf\u00f6rm\u00e5gor att bed\u00f6mas l\u00e5gt. <\/p>\n

I b\u00e5da fallen \u00e4r det klokt att noggrant \u00f6verv\u00e4ga svarsalternativen, ers\u00e4tta vanliga skalor med utf\u00f6rliga verbala svar f\u00f6r varje enskild fr\u00e5ga.<\/p>\n

6.<\/b> Manipulation av \u00e5sikter. Denna punkt skiljer sig fr\u00e5n de tidigare genom att forskarna medvetet driver respondenterna mot svar som gynnar dem f\u00f6r en \"framg\u00e5ngsrik\" rapport. Vanliga s\u00e4tt att manipulera \u00e4r illusionen av val och fokus p\u00e5 positiva egenskaper. Vanligtvis t\u00e4nker ledare som studerar positiva resultat fr\u00e5n en unders\u00f6kning inte p\u00e5 korrektheten i dataanalysen. Men det \u00e4r v\u00e4rt att objektivt se p\u00e5 sj\u00e4lva enk\u00e4ten: vad \u00e4r logiken bakom den, finns det en viss riktning, \u00e4r de positiva och negativa svarsalternativen j\u00e4mnt f\u00f6rdelade? Ett annat vanligt knep f\u00f6r att \"stretcha\" data \u00e4r f\u00f6rvr\u00e4ngning av begrepp. Till exempel, om majoriteten av de anst\u00e4llda bed\u00f6mde det nya bel\u00f6ningsprogrammet som \"tillfredsst\u00e4llande\", kan rapporten redovisa att \"majoriteten av f\u00f6retagets anst\u00e4llda \u00e4r n\u00f6jda med det nya bel\u00f6ningsprogrammet.\"
\n
K\u00e4lla: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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