{"id":36873,"date":"2019-10-31T22:14:26","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:14:26","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:26","slug":"server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp","title":{"rendered":"LinOTP tv\u00e5faktorsautentisering server","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"LinOTP
\n
\nI dag vill jag dela med mig av hur man st\u00e4ller in en server f\u00f6r tv\u00e5faktorsautentisering, f\u00f6r att skydda f\u00f6retagsn\u00e4tverk, webbplatser, tj\u00e4nster, ssh. P\u00e5 servern kommer LinOTP + FreeRadius att anv\u00e4ndas. <\/p>\n

Varf\u00f6r beh\u00f6ver vi det?
\nDetta \u00e4r en helt gratis och bekv\u00e4m l\u00f6sning inom ditt eget n\u00e4tverk, oberoende av externa leverant\u00f6rer.<\/p>\n

Denna tj\u00e4nst \u00e4r mycket anv\u00e4ndbar, ganska tydlig, till skillnad fr\u00e5n andra open source-produkter, och st\u00f6djer ocks\u00e5 en m\u00e4ngd olika funktioner och policyer (t.ex. login+l\u00f6senord+(PIN+OTPToken)). Den integreras via API med sms-tj\u00e4nster (LinOTP Config->Provider Config->SMS Provider), genererar koder f\u00f6r mobilapplikationer som Google Authenticator och mycket mer. Jag anser att den \u00e4r mer anv\u00e4ndarv\u00e4nlig \u00e4n den tj\u00e4nst som diskuteras i artikeln<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Denna server fungerar utm\u00e4rkt med Cisco ASA, OpenVPN-server, Apache2 och i stort sett allt som st\u00f6djer autentisering via RADIUS-server (t.ex. f\u00f6r SSH i datacentret).<\/p>\n

Kr\u00e4vs:<\/p>\n

1 ) Debian 8 (jessie) \u2014 Absolut!<\/b> (testinstallationen p\u00e5 Debian 9 beskrivs i slutet av artikeln)<\/p>\n

B\u00f6rjan:<\/p>\n

Vi installerar Debian 8.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nVi l\u00e4gger till LinOTP-repositoriet:<\/p>\n

# echo 'deb http:\/\/www.linotp.org\/apt\/debian jessie linotp' > \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/linotp.list<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVi l\u00e4gger till nycklar:<\/p>\n
# gpg --search-keys 913DFF12F86258E5<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nIbland f\u00e5r Debian ett meddelande efter att ha utf\u00f6rt detta kommando vid en 'ren' installation: <\/p>\n
gpg: katalog skapad `\/root\/.gnupg'\ngpg: ny konfigurationsfil skapad `\/root\/.gnupg\/gpg.conf'\ngpg: VARNING: parametrar i `\/root\/.gnupg\/gpg.conf' aktiveras inte vid denna k\u00f6rning\ngpg: nyckeltabell skapad `\/root\/.gnupg\/secring.gpg'\ngpg: nyckeltabell skapad `\/root\/.gnupg\/pubring.gpg'\ngpg: inga nyckelservrar angivna (anv\u00e4nd --keyserver)\ngpg: misslyckades med att s\u00f6ka p\u00e5 nyckelserver: ogiltig URI\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDetta \u00e4r den initiala konfigurationen av gnupg. Inga problem. K\u00f6r bara kommandot igen.
\nVid Debians fr\u00e5ga:<\/p>\n
gpg: s\u00f6ka \"913DFF12F86258E5\" p\u00e5 hkp-servern keys.gnupg.net\n(1)\tLSE LinOTP2 Packaging \n\t  2048-bit RSA-nyckel F86258E5, skapad: 2010-05-10\nNycklar 1-1 av 1 f\u00f6r \"913DFF12F86258E5\".  Ange siffrorna, N) N\u00e4sta eller Q) Exit><\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVi svarar: 1<\/p>\n
N\u00e4sta: <\/p>\n
# gpg --export 913DFF12F86258E5 | apt-key add -<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVi installerar mysql. I teorin kan man anv\u00e4nda en annan SQL-server, men jag kommer f\u00f6r enkelhetens skull anv\u00e4nda den som rekommenderats f\u00f6r LinOTP.<\/p>\n
(ytterligare information, inklusive om omkonfigurering av LinOTP-databasen, kan hittas i den officiella dokumentationen f\u00f6r l\u00e4nken<\/a><\/noindex>. D\u00e4r kan man \u00e4ven hitta kommandot: dpkg-reconfigure linotp f\u00f6r att \u00e4ndra parametrar om du redan har installerat mysql).<\/p>\n
# apt-get install mysql-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
 (att kontrollera uppdateringar igen skadar inte)
\nVi installerar LinOTP och dess moduler:<\/p>\n
# apt-get install linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVi svarar p\u00e5 installationsfr\u00e5gorna: 
\nAnv\u00e4nda Apache2: ja
\nSkapa ett l\u00f6senord f\u00f6r admin Linotp: \"DittL\u00f6senord\"
\nGenerera ett sj\u00e4lvsignerat certifikat?: ja
\nAnv\u00e4nda MySQL?: ja
\nVar ligger databasen: localhost
\nSkapar databasen LinOTP (databasnamn) p\u00e5 servern: LinOTP2
\nSkapar en separat anv\u00e4ndare f\u00f6r databasen: LinOTP2
\nS\u00e4tter l\u00f6senord f\u00f6r anv\u00e4ndaren: \u00abDittL\u00f6senord\u00bb
\nSkapa databasen nu? (n\u00e5got som \"\u00c4r du s\u00e4ker p\u00e5 att du vill \u2026\"): ja
\nAnge root-l\u00f6senordet f\u00f6r MySQL som vi skapade vid installationen: \u00abDittL\u00f6senord\u00bb
\nKlart.<\/p>\n
(valfritt, g\u00e5r att hoppa \u00f6ver)<\/p>\n
# apt-get install linotp-adminclient-cli <\/code><\/pre>\n
\n(valfritt, g\u00e5r att hoppa \u00f6ver)<\/p>\n
# apt-get install libpam-linotp  <\/code><\/pre>\n
\nS\u00e5, v\u00e5rt webbgr\u00e4nssnitt Linotp \u00e4r nu tillg\u00e4ngligt p\u00e5 adressen: <\/p>\n
"<b>https<\\\/b>: \\\/\\\/IP_server\\\/manage"<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nJag kommer att ber\u00e4tta lite mer om inst\u00e4llningarna i webbgr\u00e4nssnittet senare.<\/p>\n
Nu, det viktigaste! Vi startar FreeRadius och kopplar det till Linotp.<\/p>\n
Installerar FreeRadius och modulen f\u00f6r att arbeta med LinOTP<\/p>\n
# apt-get install freeradius linotp-freeradius-perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nvi s\u00e4kerhetskopierar konfigurationsfilerna client och Users f\u00f6r FreeRadius.<\/p>\n
# mv \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf  \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.old<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# mv \/etc\/freeradius\/users  \/etc\/freeradius\/users.old<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSkapar en tom fil f\u00f6r klienten:<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nRedigerar v\u00e5r nya konfigurationsfil (den s\u00e4kerhetskopierade konfigurationen kan anv\u00e4ndas som exempel)<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
client 192.168.188.0\/24 {\nsecret = passwd # l\u00f6senord f\u00f6r att ansluta klienter\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nD\u00e4refter skapar vi filen users:<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/users<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nRedigerar filen och talar om f\u00f6r FreeRadius att vi kommer att anv\u00e4nda perl f\u00f6r autentisering.<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/users<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
DEFAULT Auth-type := perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nD\u00e4refter redigerar vi filen \/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/perl<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVi m\u00e5ste ange s\u00f6kv\u00e4gen till perl-skriptet linotp i parametern module: <\/p>\n
Perl { .......\n.........\nmodule = \/usr\/lib\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u2026..
\nD\u00e4refter skapar vi en fil d\u00e4r vi anger fr\u00e5n vilket (dom\u00e4n, databas eller fil) vi ska h\u00e4mta data.<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
URL=https:\/\/IP_av_din_LinOTP_server(192.168.X.X)\/validate\/simplecheck\nREALM=webusers1c\nRESCONF=LocalUser\nDebug=True\nSSL_CHECK=False<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nH\u00e4r stannade jag en stund l\u00e4ngre, eftersom detta \u00e4r viktigt:<\/p>\n
Fullst\u00e4ndig beskrivning av filen med kommentarer:
\n#IP of the linotp server (IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e LinOTP \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430)
\nURL=https:\/\/172.17.14.103\/validate\/simplecheck
\n#\u041d\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0435 LinOTP.)
\nREALM=rearm1
\n#\u0418\u043c\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u044e\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0435 LinOTP.
\nRESCONF=flat_file
\n#optional: comment out if everything seems to work fine
\nDebug=True
\n#optional: use this, if you have selfsigned certificates, otherwise comment out (SSL \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c)
\nSSL_CHECK=False<\/p>\n
D\u00e4refter skapar vi filen \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nOch kopierar konfigurationen dit (beh\u00f6ver inte redigeras):<\/p>\n
authorize {\n#normalizes malformed klientf\u00f6rfr\u00e5gan innan den \u00f6verl\u00e4mnas till andra moduler (se '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/preprocess')\npreprocess\n# Om du anv\u00e4nder flera typer av realms, b\u00f6r du antagligen\n# st\u00e4lla in \"ignore_null = yes\" f\u00f6r alla av dem.\n# I annat fall, n\u00e4r den f\u00f6rsta stilen av realm inte matchar,\n# kommer de andra stilarna inte att kontrolleras.\n# till\u00e5ter en lista \u00f6ver realms (se '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nIPASS\n#f\u00f6rst\u00e5r n\u00e5got som USER@REALM och kan s\u00e4rskilja komponenterna (se '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nsuffix\n#f\u00f6rst\u00e5r USERREALM och kan s\u00e4rskilja komponenterna (se '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nntdomain\n# L\u00e4s 'users' filen f\u00f6r att l\u00e4ra dig om speciell konfiguration som b\u00f6r till\u00e4mpas f\u00f6r\n# vissa anv\u00e4ndare (se '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/files')\nfiles\n# till\u00e5ter autentisering att l\u00f6pa ut (se '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/expiration')\nexpiration\n# till\u00e5ter att definiera giltiga servicetider (se '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/logintime')\nlogintime\n# Vi har ingen radius_shortname_map!\npap\n}\n#h\u00e4r anropas linotp perl-modulen f\u00f6r vidare bearbetning\nauthenticate {\nperl\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nD\u00e4refter g\u00f6r vi en symbolisk l\u00e4nk:<\/p>\n
# ln -s ..\/sites-available\/linotp \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nPersonligen tar jag bort de standard Radius-webbplatserna, men om du beh\u00f6ver dem kan du antingen redigera deras konfiguration eller st\u00e4nga av dem.<\/p>\n
# rm \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled\/default<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# rm \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled\/inner-tunnel<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# service freeradius reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nL\u00e5t oss nu \u00e5terv\u00e4nda till webbgr\u00e4nssnittet och titta p\u00e5 det i mer detalj:
\nKlicka p\u00e5 LinOTP Config -> UserIdResolvers -> Ny i det \u00f6vre h\u00f6gra h\u00f6rnet
\nV\u00e4lj vad vi vill ha: LDAP (AD win, LDAP samba), eller SQL, eller lokala anv\u00e4ndare i systemet Flatfile. <\/p>\n
Fyll i de obligatoriska f\u00e4lten.<\/p>\n
Sedan skapar vi REALMS:
\nKlicka p\u00e5 LinOTP Config -> Realms -> Ny i det \u00f6vre h\u00f6gra h\u00f6rnet. 
\noch ge v\u00e5rt REALMS ett namn samt klicka p\u00e5 den UserIdResolvers som skapades tidigare.<\/p>\n
All denna information beh\u00f6vs av freeRadius i filen \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini, vilket jag n\u00e4mnde tidigare, s\u00e5 om du inte har redigerat den, g\u00f6r det nu.<\/p>\n
Servern \u00e4r nu inst\u00e4lld.<\/p>\n
Till\u00e4gg:<\/p>\n
Inst\u00e4llning av LinOTP p\u00e5 Debian 9<\/b>:<\/p>\n
Installation: <\/p>\n
# echo 'deb http:\/\/linotp.org\/apt\/debian stretch linotp' > \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/linotp.list <\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install dirmngr<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-key adv --recv-keys 913DFF12F86258E5\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get install mysql-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
 (som standard erbjuder Debian 9 inte att st\u00e4lla in root-l\u00f6senordet i mysql (mariaDB), s\u00e5klart kan du l\u00e4mna det tomt, men om du f\u00f6ljer nyheterna leder det ofta till 'episka misslyckanden', s\u00e5 vi s\u00e4tter ett l\u00f6senord \u00e4nd\u00e5)<\/p>\n
# mysql -u root -p<\/code><\/pre>\n
anv\u00e4nd mysql;<\/code><\/pre>\n
UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD('h\u00e4r_l\u00f6senord') WHERE User = 'root';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
exit<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install linotp-adminclient-cli<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install python-ldap<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt install freeradius<\/code><\/pre>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/sites-enabled\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
Klistra in koden (skickad av JuriM, tack f\u00f6r det!):<\/p>\n
server linotp {
\nlyssna {
\n ipaddr = *
\n port = 1812
\n typ = auth
\n}
\nlyssna {
\n ipaddr = *
\n port = 1813
\n typ = acct
\n}
\nauktorisera { 
\n preprocess
\n uppdatera { 
\n &control:Auth-Type := Perl
\n } 
\n} 
\nautentisera {
\n Auth-Type Perl {
\n perl
\n }
\n}
\nbokf\u00f6ring {
\n unix
\n}
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Redigera \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/mods-enabled\/perl<\/p>\n
perl {
\n filnamn = \/usr\/share\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm
\n func_authenticate = autentisera
\n func_authorize = auktorisera
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Tyv\u00e4rr installeras biblioteket radius_linotp.pm inte fr\u00e5n de repository som finns i debian 9, s\u00e5 vi h\u00e4mtar det fr\u00e5n github.<\/p>\n
# apt install git<\/code><\/pre>\n
# git clone https:\/\/github.com\/LinOTP\/linotp-auth-freeradius-perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
# cd linotp-auth-freeradius-perl\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
# cp radius_linotp.pm \/usr\/share\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm<\/code><\/pre>\n
nu ska vi justera \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/clients.conf <\/p>\n
klient servrar {
\n ipaddr = 192.168.188.0\/24
\n hemlig = dittl\u00f6senord
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
nu ska vi justera nano \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/p>\n
Klistra in samma kod som vid installation p\u00e5 debian 8 (som beskrivits ovan)<\/p>\n
egentligen \u00e4r allt klart. (inte testad \u00e4nnu)<\/p>\n
Jag l\u00e4mnar nedan n\u00e5gra l\u00e4nkar till systeminst\u00e4llningar som ofta kr\u00e4ver skyddad tv\u00e5faktorsautentisering: 
\nInst\u00e4llning av tv\u00e5faktorsautentisering i Apache2<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
Inst\u00e4llning med Cisco ASA<\/a><\/noindex>(d\u00e4r anv\u00e4nds en annan server f\u00f6r token-generering, men inst\u00e4llningarna f\u00f6r sj\u00e4lva ASA \u00e4r desamma).<\/p>\n
VPN med tv\u00e5faktorsautentisering<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
Inst\u00e4llning tv\u00e5faktorsautentisering i ssh<\/a><\/noindex> (d\u00e4r anv\u00e4nds ocks\u00e5 LinOTP) \u2014 tack till f\u00f6rfattaren. D\u00e4r kan man ocks\u00e5 hitta intressanta saker om inst\u00e4llningar f\u00f6r LiOTP.<\/p>\n
M\u00e5nga cms-system p\u00e5 webbplatser st\u00f6der ocks\u00e5 tv\u00e5faktorsautentisering (f\u00f6r WordPress finns det till och med en speciell modul f\u00f6r LinOTP p\u00e5 github<\/a><\/noindex>), till exempel om du vill skapa en skyddad sektion f\u00f6r f\u00f6retagets anst\u00e4llda p\u00e5 din f\u00f6retagswebbplats.
\nVIKTIG FAKT! S\u00e4tt inte en bock vid \"Google autenteficator\" f\u00f6r att anv\u00e4nda Google autentiserare! QR-koden g\u00e5r inte att l\u00e4sa d\u00e5\u2026 (konstig fakta)<\/p>\n
Informationen till artikeln kommer fr\u00e5n f\u00f6ljande artiklar:
\nitnan.ru\/post.php?c=1&p=270571<\/a><\/noindex>
\nwww.digitalbears.net\/?p=469<\/a><\/noindex> <\/p>\n
Tack till f\u00f6rfattarna.
\n
K\u00e4lla: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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