{"id":37388,"date":"2019-10-31T22:17:21","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:17:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-politika-19-veka-povliyala-na-raspolozhenie-data-tsentrov-segodnya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:17:21","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:17:21","slug":"kak-politika-19-veka-povliyala-na-raspolozhenie-data-tsentrov-segodnya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-politika-19-veka-povliyala-na-raspolozhenie-data-tsentrov-segodnya","title":{"rendered":"Hur 1800-talets politik har p\u00e5verkat placeringen av datacenter idag","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Fr\u00e5n \u00f6vers\u00e4ttaren<\/b><\/p>\n<p>K\u00e4ra Habr-anv\u00e4ndare! Eftersom detta \u00e4r mitt f\u00f6rsta experiment med att publicera inneh\u00e5ll p\u00e5 Habr, ber jag er att inte d\u00f6ma f\u00f6r h\u00e5rt. Jag tar g\u00e4rna emot kritik och f\u00f6rslag i privata meddelanden.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nyligen meddelade Google <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.abc4.com\/news\/local-news\/google-to-open-new-data-center-in-salt-lake-city\/1915710283\">tillg\u00e4ngligheten av ett nytt datacenter i Salt Lake City, Utah.<\/a><\/noindex>Detta \u00e4r ett av de mest moderna datacentren, som har investerats i av f\u00f6retag som Microsoft, Facebook, Apple, Yahoo och andra, bel\u00e4gna l\u00e4ngs en linje som motsvarar 41:a parallellen i USA.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hur 1800-talets politik har p\u00e5verkat placeringen av datacenter idag\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/c6e68527cb46c7c7ea1e0560c7b5673e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Var och en av dessa f\u00f6retag investerar miljarder dollar i dessa fyra st\u00e4der:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Microsoft <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.desmoinesregister.com\/story\/tech\/2016\/07\/22\/new-west-des-moines-data-center-gets-475m-incentives\/87406160\/\">har investerat 3,5 miljarder $<\/a><\/noindex> i ett av de st\u00f6rsta datacentren i Des Moines, Iowa, samt <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.techrepublic.com\/article\/microsofts-750-million-data-center-investment-in-wyoming\/\">750 miljoner $ i datacentret<\/a><\/noindex>, bel\u00e4get i staden Cheyenne, Wyoming.<\/li>\n<li>Apple <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/newsroom\/2017\/08\/apples-next-us-data-center-will-be-built-in-iowa\/\">har investerat 1,35 miljarder $<\/a><\/noindex> i ett modernt datacenter i Des Moines.<\/li>\n<li>Google <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/news\/google-to-invest-1-billion-in-iowa-campus\/\">investerar 1 miljard $<\/a><\/noindex> i ett datacenter n\u00e4ra Omaha, Nebraska, ut\u00f6ver den senaste investeringen i Salt Lake City.<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/nwsc.ucar.edu\/\">Nationella centra f\u00f6r atmosf\u00e4rsforskning NCAR<\/a><\/noindex> har byggt en superdator med en kapacitet p\u00e5 1,5 petaflops i Cheyenne, och detta \u00e4r en av de snabbaste superdatorerna i v\u00e4rlden.<\/li>\n<li>Det amerikanska nationella s\u00e4kerhetsbyr\u00e5n driver <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/nsa.gov1.info\/utah-data-center\/\">ett enormt lagringsutrymme f\u00f6r underr\u00e4ttelsedata<\/a><\/noindex> i Salt Lake City, Utah.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vad g\u00f6r d\u00e5 41:a parallellen s\u00e5 speciell, s\u00e5 att olika f\u00f6retag investerar miljarder dollar i att bygga datacenter i dessa st\u00e4der?<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Svaret \u00e4r att en stor del av trafiken som str\u00f6mmar fr\u00e5n \u00f6stra till v\u00e4stra USA och tillbaka passerar genom var och en av dessa platser tack vare en stor sammanslutning av fiberoptiska kablar, som \u00e4gs av m\u00e5nga telekomm f\u00f6retag, s\u00e5som: AT&amp;T, Verizon, Comcast, Level 3, Zayo, Fibertech, Windstream och andra.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Denna infrastruktur av fiberoptiska n\u00e4t ger datacentren tillg\u00e5ng till enorma m\u00e4ngder bredband, vilket stimulerar investeringscykeln - fler datacenter attraherar mer trafik, vilket i sin tur leder till byggandet av fler fiberoptiska ledningar, som \u00e5terigen leder till byggandet av fler datacenter.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Varf\u00f6r valde alla dessa telekomj\u00e4ttar att placera sina huvudledningar l\u00e4ngs denna rutt \u00f6ver USA? F\u00f6r att varje en av dessa kablar ligger under jord l\u00e4ngs en kontinuerlig avsp\u00e4rrning p\u00e5 cirka 60 meter bred som f\u00f6ljer den allra f\u00f6rsta transkontinentala j\u00e4rnv\u00e4gen, vars byggande f\u00e4rdigst\u00e4lldes 1869. Den amerikanska regeringen gav r\u00e4tt till denna mark till j\u00e4rnv\u00e4gen som tillh\u00f6rde Union Pacific-koncernen, genom att underskriva <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_Railroad_Acts\">Pacific Railroad Act fr\u00e5n 1862<\/a><\/noindex>. Och om du \u00e4r ett telekommunikationsf\u00f6retag som vill dra en ny optisk huvudledning \u00f6ver den amerikanska territoriet 2019, m\u00e5ste du bara samordna ditt projekt med ett enda f\u00f6retag \u2014 Union Pacific. Denna smala remsa av mark korsar helt och h\u00e5llet USA, som syns p\u00e5 detta j\u00e4rnv\u00e4gsprojekt fr\u00e5n 1864:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hur 1800-talets politik har p\u00e5verkat placeringen av datacenter idag\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/2e752338f099ee083f5907822d285dbe.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ett exempel p\u00e5 en s\u00e5dan telekom-grannskap \u00e4r EchoStars huvudteleport i Cheyenne, Wyoming. EchoStar driver 25 geostation\u00e4ra satelliter f\u00f6r att s\u00e4nda inneh\u00e5ll och filmer. De k\u00f6pte en stor bit mark n\u00e4ra Union Pacifics avsp\u00e4rrning, vilket gjorde att de kunde ansluta sig direkt till de transkontinentala optiska kablarna som begravts n\u00e4ra j\u00e4rnv\u00e4gen.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u00e5 bilden nedan kan man tydligt se linjen som delar gr\u00e4nserna f\u00f6r EchoStar, d\u00e4r den norra gr\u00e4nsen sammanfaller med gr\u00e4nsen f\u00f6r Union Pacifics avsp\u00e4rrning.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hur 1800-talets politik har p\u00e5verkat placeringen av datacenter idag\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/8a45984c235619549e09d9178d72d1e1.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ett annat exempel p\u00e5 detta grannskap \u00e4r Microsofts datacenter och NCAR:s superdatorcenter i Wyoming. B\u00e5da ligger inom en kilometer fr\u00e5n Union Pacific-j\u00e4rnv\u00e4gen:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hur 1800-talets politik har p\u00e5verkat placeringen av datacenter idag\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/add54f6a250dfacc366492ebf96e285c.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Och varf\u00f6r byggdes j\u00e4rnv\u00e4gen l\u00e4ngs den 41:e parallellen, fr\u00e5n Iowa till Kalifornien?<br \/>\nSedan 1853 har USA genomf\u00f6rt <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_Railroad_Surveys\">unders\u00f6kningar<\/a><\/noindex> F\u00f6r att fastst\u00e4lla den b\u00e4sta rutten f\u00f6r den nya j\u00e4rnv\u00e4gen \u2014 l\u00e4ngs med 47:e, 39:e, 35:e och 32:a parallellen. \u00c5r 1859 st\u00f6dde USAs milit\u00e4rminister Jefferson Davis best\u00e4mt den s\u00f6dra rutten fr\u00e5n New Orleans till San Diego \u2014 den var kortare, det fanns inga h\u00f6ga berg som beh\u00f6vde \u00f6vervinnas, och det f\u00f6rekom inga sn\u00f6droppar som \u00f6kade kostnaderna f\u00f6r att underh\u00e5lla den nya j\u00e4rnv\u00e4gen. Men under 1850-talet skulle ingen kongressledamot fr\u00e5n de norra delarna r\u00f6sta f\u00f6r den s\u00f6dra rutten som skulle gynna slaveriets ekonomi i Konfederationen, och ingen kongressledamot fr\u00e5n de s\u00f6dra delarna skulle r\u00f6sta f\u00f6r den norra rutten. Denna pattsituation fortsatte fram till b\u00f6rjan av det amerikanska inb\u00f6rdeskriget. N\u00e4r de s\u00f6dra delarna l\u00e4mnade unionen \u00e5r 1861 r\u00f6stade de kvarvarande politikerna fr\u00e5n norr snabbt f\u00f6r j\u00e4rnv\u00e4gsakten fr\u00e5n 1862, som fastst\u00e4llde startpunkten f\u00f6r den transkontinentala j\u00e4rnv\u00e4gen i staden Council Bluffs, Iowa, och dess rutt \u2014 v\u00e4sterut till \u00f6ster l\u00e4ngs med 41:a parallellen.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Varf\u00f6r just Council Bluffs? Det fanns m\u00e5nga st\u00e4der som ville t\u00e4vla om r\u00e4tten att f\u00e5 detta privilegium. Men det var just Council Bluffs som valdes, eftersom dalen vid floden Platte River strax v\u00e4ster om staden mjukt steg mot Klippiga bergen, vilket erbj\u00f6d en bekv\u00e4m vattenk\u00e4lla f\u00f6r \u00e5nglok. Samma vatten anv\u00e4nds nu f\u00f6r <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adiabatic_process#Adiabatic_heating_and_cooling\">adiabatiskt kylning<\/a><\/noindex> moderna datacenter l\u00e4ngs denna rutt.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e4r byggandet av den f\u00f6rsta j\u00e4rnv\u00e4gen var klart etablerade Western Union omedelbart den f\u00f6rsta telekommunikationskorridoren i j\u00e4rnv\u00e4gens utrymme, och inom kort s\u00e4nde man alla telegram fr\u00e5n ena \u00e4nden av kontinenten till den andra. Senare, n\u00e4r AT&amp;T byggde l\u00e5ngdistans telefonlinjer i b\u00f6rjan av 1900-talet, byggdes de ocks\u00e5 l\u00e4ngs denna j\u00e4rnv\u00e4g. Dessa motorv\u00e4gar v\u00e4xte och expanderade tills de blev en enorm ansamling av kommunikationsmotorv\u00e4gar som finns i detta omr\u00e5de idag.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Det \u00e4r s\u00e5 politiska beslut som fattades f\u00f6r \u00f6ver 150 \u00e5r sedan idag har f\u00f6rutbest\u00e4mt platsen f\u00f6r investeringar p\u00e5 flera miljarder dollar i moderna datacenter.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00e4lla: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/464409\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0423\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438! \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u041b\u0421. \u041d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e, Google \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0421\u043e\u043b\u0442-\u041b\u0435\u0439\u043a \u0421\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u0432 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u042e\u0442\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u2014 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0426\u041e\u0414, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a Microsoft, Facebook, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28051,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37388","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0423\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438! 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