{"id":37407,"date":"2019-10-31T22:17:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:17:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/esp8266-upravlenie-cherez-internet-po-protokolu-mqtt\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:17:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:17:29","slug":"esp8266-upravlenie-cherez-internet-po-protokolu-mqtt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/esp8266-upravlenie-cherez-internet-po-protokolu-mqtt","title":{"rendered":"Esp8266 styrning via Internet med MQTT-protokollet","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Esp8266
\n Hej alla! I den h\u00e4r artikeln kommer vi att noggrant visa hur du, bokstavligen p\u00e5 20 minuter av din lediga tid, kan st\u00e4lla in fj\u00e4rrstyrning av esp8266-modulen med hj\u00e4lp av en Android-app via MQTT-protokollet.<\/p>\n

Id\u00e9n om fj\u00e4rrstyrning och \u00f6vervakning har alltid fascinerat m\u00e4nniskor som \u00e4r intresserade av elektronik och programmering. M\u00f6jligheten att n\u00e4r som helst kunna ta emot eller skicka n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndiga data, oavsett var man befinner sig, ger stora m\u00f6jligheter. I mina tidigare artiklar ( Artikel 1<\/a><\/noindex> och Artikel 2<\/a><\/noindex>) har jag f\u00f6rs\u00f6kt diskutera flera tillg\u00e4ngliga och relativt enkla s\u00e4tt att genomf\u00f6ra fj\u00e4rrstyrning av mikrokontroller via internet. Men tiden och v\u00e4rlden st\u00e5r inte stilla \u2013 framstegen forts\u00e4tter sitt obarmh\u00e4rtiga framfart. Under den h\u00e4r korta tiden har esp8266-modulen f\u00e5tt stor popularitet, tack vare sitt l\u00e5ga pris och inbyggda wi-fi, vilket har gjort den till en av de centrala delarna av \"Smart Home\".
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nI nul\u00e4get \u00e4r MQTT det fr\u00e4msta och mest popul\u00e4ra protokollet f\u00f6r datatransmission mellan enskilda enheter inom \"Smart Home\"-system. Det har flera f\u00f6rdelar j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med andra protokoll:
\n \u2014 l\u00e5g trafikf\u00f6rbrukning;
\n \u2014 kopplingen mellan klienten och servern \u00e4r alltid \u00f6ppen;
\n \u2014 belastar inte internetkanalen;
\n \u2014 ingen f\u00f6rdr\u00f6jning i datatransmissionen;
\n \u2014 bekv\u00e4m system f\u00f6r prenumerationer p\u00e5 \u00e4mnen;
\n Allt detta m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r \u00f6vervakning och hantering i realtid. Men MQTT kr\u00e4ver en egen server som fungerar som mellanhand mellan n\u00e4tverksklienterna. H\u00e4r finns tv\u00e5 alternativ: antingen skapa sin egen server eller anv\u00e4nda tredjepartstj\u00e4nster.<\/p>\n

Det beskrivna styrsystemet best\u00e5r av tv\u00e5 huvudkomponenter: en MQTT-server (som vanligtvis \u00e4r en) och klienter, som kan vara ganska m\u00e5nga. I v\u00e5rt fall kommer Android-appen och esp8266-modulen att fungera som klienter.<\/p>\n

Systemets arbetsalgoritm \u00e4r f\u00f6ljande. Klienterna ansluter till servern, och strax efter anslutningen prenumererar var och en av dem p\u00e5 de \u00e4mnen som intresserar dem. All kommunikation mellan klienterna g\u00e5r genom servern, som vidarebefordrar data till andra klienter med beaktande av deras prenumerationer.<\/p>\n

MQTT-server. <\/b><\/p>\n

I v\u00e5rt fall kommer vi att anv\u00e4nda en mycket bekv\u00e4m tj\u00e4nst www.cloudmqtt.com<\/a><\/noindex> som har en gratis plan (Cute Cat) som helt kommer att t\u00e4cka behoven f\u00f6r att genomf\u00f6ra ett litet eget \"smart hem\"-system.
\n\"Esp8266
\n Vi registrerar oss p\u00e5 webbplatsen och f\u00e5r de n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndiga uppgifterna f\u00f6r att f\u00e5 tillg\u00e5ng till servern. N\u00e4r man st\u00e4ller in klienter m\u00e5ste man anv\u00e4nda en vanlig port (utan SSL och TLS).
\n\"Esp8266
\n
\nAppen p\u00e5 Android.<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u00e5r app kommer att fungera som en kontrollenhet f\u00f6r mikrokontrollern och kommer \u00e4ven att ta emot och visa all information som tas emot fr\u00e5n esp8266.<\/p>\n

Appen heter IoT MQTT Dashboard<\/a><\/noindex> och representerar en f\u00e4rdig mqtt-klient med ett f\u00e5tal mycket anv\u00e4ndbara widgets. Mer information om hur man arbetar med appen kan ses i videon.<\/p>\n

Esp8266.<\/b><\/p>\n

Modulen programmeras i Arduino-milj\u00f6n, men jag vill p\u00e5peka att modulen har problem med firmware i de senaste versionerna av Arduino, s\u00e5 jag rekommenderar att anv\u00e4nda version 1.6.4.
\nF\u00f6r exemplet \u00e4r en LED (5 pin) och en temperatursensor ds18b20 (2 pin) anslutna till esp8266.
\nEftersom det \u00e4r n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndigt att ta emot data f\u00f6r att styra LED-lampan m\u00e5ste esp, efter anslutningen, prenumerera p\u00e5 den relevanta \u00e4mnet \"test\/led\" annars kommer alla skickade data att g\u00e5 f\u00f6rbi v\u00e5r mikrokontroller.
\nF\u00f6r att skicka temperaturdata beh\u00f6vs ingen prenumeration, men n\u00e4r man skickar temperaturv\u00e4rden \u00e4r det n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndigt att ange \u00e4mnet dit dessa data kommer att g\u00e5.<\/p>\n

Nedan finns en skiss med detaljerade kommentarer.<\/p>\n

Sketch Esp8266_mqtt.ino<\/b>\/\/ \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043a\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043a 5 \u043f\u0438\u043d\u0443
\n\/\/ \u0414\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b ds18b20 \u043a 2 \u043f\u0438\u043d\u0443<\/p>\n

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
\n#include <PubSubClient.h>
\n#include <OneWire.h>
\n#include <DallasTemperature.h><\/p>\n

#define ONE_WIRE_BUS 2
\nOneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS);
\nDallasTemperature sensorer(&oneWire);<\/p>\n

const char *ssid = \"AIRPORT\"; \/\/ Namn p\u00e5 WiFi-\u00e5tkomstpunkt
\nconst char *pass = \"PASSWORD\"; \/\/ L\u00f6senord f\u00f6r \u00e5tkomstpunkten<\/p>\n

const char *mqtt_server = \"server\"; \/\/ Namn p\u00e5 MQTT-server
\nconst int mqtt_port = 11140; \/\/ Port f\u00f6r anslutning till MQTT-servern
\nconst char *mqtt_user = \"Login\"; \/\/ Inloggning fr\u00e5n servern
\nconst char *mqtt_pass = \"Pass\"; \/\/ L\u00f6senord f\u00f6r servern<\/p>\n

#define BUFFER_SIZE 100<\/p>\n

bool LedState = false;
\nint tm=300;
\nfloat temp=0;<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/p>\n

void callback(const MQTT::Publish& pub)
\n{
\n Serial.print(pub.topic()); \/\/ skriver ut \u00e4mnets namn till seriellt port
\n Serial.print(\" => \");
\n Serial.print(pub.payload_string()); \/\/ skriver ut det mottagna v\u00e4rdet till seriellt port<\/p>\n

String payload = pub.payload_string();<\/p>\n

if(String(pub.topic()) == \"test\/led\") \/\/ Kontrollerar om vi f\u00e5tt data fr\u00e5n r\u00e4tt \u00e4mne
\n {
\n int stled = payload.toInt(); \/\/ omvandlar mottagna data till heltal
\n digitalWrite(5,stled); \/\/ sl\u00e5r p\u00e5 eller av LED-lampan baserat p\u00e5 mottagna v\u00e4rden
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n

WiFiClient wclient;
\nPubSubClient client(wclient, mqtt_server, mqtt_port);<\/p>\n

void setup() {<\/p>\n

sensors.begin();
\n Serial.begin(115200);
\n delay(10);
\n Serial.println();
\n Serial.println();
\n pinMode(5, OUTPUT);
\n}<\/p>\n

void loop() {
\n \/\/ \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043a wi-fi
\n if (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
\n Serial.print(\"Ansluter till \");
\n Serial.print(ssid);
\n Serial.println(\"...\");
\n WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);<\/p>\n

if (WiFi.waitForConnectResult() != WL_CONNECTED)
\n return;
\n Serial.println(\"WiFi ansluten\");
\n }<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043a MQTT \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443
\n if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
\n if (!client.connected()) {
\n Serial.println(\"Ansluter till MQTT-server\");
\n if (client.connect(MQTT::Connect(\"arduinoClient2\"))
\n .set_auth(mqtt_user, mqtt_pass))) {
\n Serial.println(\"Ansluten till MQTT-server\");
\n client.set_callback(callback);
\n client.subscribe(\"test\/led\"); \/\/ Prenumererar p\u00e5 \u00e4mnet med data f\u00f6r LED-lampan
\n } else {
\n Serial.println(\"Kunde inte ansluta till MQTT-server\");
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n

if (client.connected()){
\n client.loop();
\n TempSend();
\n }<\/p>\n

}
\n} \/\/ slut p\u00e5 huvudcykeln<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430
\nvoid TempSend(){
\n if (tm==0)
\n {
\n sensors.requestTemperatures(); \/\/ f\u00e5 temperaturv\u00e4rdet fr\u00e5n sensorn
\n float temp = sensors.getTempCByIndex(0);
\n client.publish(\"test\/temp\", String(temp)); \/\/ Skickar temperaturen till \u00e4mnet f\u00f6r termometrar
\n Serial.println(temp);
\n tm = 300; \/\/ paus mellan s\u00e4ndningarna av temperaturv\u00e4rden cirka 3 sekunder
\n }
\n tm--;
\n delay(10);
\n}
\n<\/code><\/p>\n

\nSom ett resultat f\u00e5r vi ett bekv\u00e4mt verktyg f\u00f6r fj\u00e4rrstyrning och \u00f6vervakning av data, som \u00e4r ganska enkelt att anv\u00e4nda och \u00e4ven nyb\u00f6rjare kan hantera.<\/p>\n

Video med en demonstration av styrsystemets funktionalitet<\/b>
\n

\r\n \"Spela\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

Detaljerad videoinstruktion f\u00f6r att konfigurera systemet<\/b>
\n

\r\n \"Spela\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

Ett av s\u00e4tten att anv\u00e4nda styrningen av esp8266 via MQTT-protokollet<\/b>
\n

\r\n \"Spela\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

Styrning av LED-bandet via internet<\/b>
\n

\r\n \"Spela\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

Om du har fr\u00e5gor om detta material rekommenderar jag att du tittar p\u00e5 del tv\u00e5 av videon, d\u00e4r materialet presenteras mer visuellt.<\/p>\n

I arkivet finns sketchen och alla n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndiga bibliotek f\u00f6r att programmera mikrokontrollern med sketchen fr\u00e5n exemplet.
\nObservera att biblioteket ESP8266WiFi.h inte ing\u00e5r i detta arkiv, det installeras via Boards manager i Arduino-milj\u00f6n.<\/p>\n

ARKIV<\/b><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

MQTT-server \u2014 www.cloudmqtt.com<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

L\u00e4nk till IoT MQTT Dashboard-applikationen \u2014 play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.thn.iotmqttdashboard&hl=sv<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Tack alla f\u00f6r er uppm\u00e4rksamhet.
\n
K\u00e4lla: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28068,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Esp8266 styrning via internet med MQTT-protokollet | ProHoster","description":"Hej 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