{"id":37492,"date":"2019-10-31T22:17:57","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:17:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-otsenit-proizvoditelnost-linux-servera-otkrytye-instrumenty-dlya-benchmarkinga\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:17:57","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:17:57","slug":"kak-otsenit-proizvoditelnost-linux-servera-otkrytye-instrumenty-dlya-benchmarkinga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-otsenit-proizvoditelnost-linux-servera-otkrytye-instrumenty-dlya-benchmarkinga","title":{"rendered":"Hur man bed\u00f6mer prestanda p\u00e5 en Linux-server: \u00f6ppna verktyg f\u00f6r benchmarkning","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>En kort historia om containrar: fr\u00e5n chroot till Kubernetes <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/1cloud.ru?utm_source=habrahabr&amp;utm_medium=cpm&amp;utm_campaign=bench3&amp;utm_content=site\">1cloud.ru<\/a><\/noindex> har sammanst\u00e4llt en lista med verktyg och skript f\u00f6r att bed\u00f6ma prestanda f\u00f6r processorer, lagringssystem och minne p\u00e5 Linux-maskiner: Iometer, DD, vpsbench, HammerDB och 7-Zip.<\/p>\n<p>Andra v\u00e5ra samlingar med benchmarker:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/1cloud\/blog\/455834\/\">Sysbench, UnixBench, Phoronix Test Suite, Vdbench och IOzone<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/1cloud\/blog\/458204\/\">Interbench, Fio, Hdparm, S och Bonnie<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/1cloud\/blog\/462777\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hur man bed\u00f6mer prestanda p\u00e5 en Linux-server: \u00f6ppna verktyg f\u00f6r benchmarkning\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/774a58609d9809f1f8b95e9d8577d3bf.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<i>Foto \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/blmalaska\/40936624583\/\">Bureau of Land Management Alaska<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 CC BY<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iometer.org\/\">Iometer<\/a><\/noindex><\/h2>\n<p>\nDetta \u00e4r en benchmark f\u00f6r att utv\u00e4rdera prestanda p\u00e5 disk- och n\u00e4tverksunderlag. Den passar f\u00f6r att arbeta b\u00e5de med en enda server och en hel kluster. Iometer introducerades av ingenj\u00f6rer p\u00e5 Intel 1998. 2001 \u00f6verl\u00e4mnade f\u00f6retaget k\u00e4llkoden till den ideella organisationen Open Source Development Labs (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_Source_Development_Labs\">OSDL<\/a><\/noindex>) under licens <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iometer.org\/doc\/licenses\/iosl.txt\">Intel Open Source License<\/a><\/noindex>. Sedan 2003 har st\u00f6d f\u00f6r verktyget tillhandah\u00e5llits av en grupp entusiaster \u2014 projektet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/sourceforge.net\/projects\/iometer\/\">\u00e4r registrerat<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00e5 SourceForge.net.<\/p>\n<p>Iometer best\u00e5r av en lastgenerator (dynamo) och ett grafiskt gr\u00e4nssnitt. Den senare \u00e4r dock endast tillg\u00e4nglig f\u00f6r Windows. N\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller generatorn kan den simulera belastning fr\u00e5n tredjepartsapplikationer \u2014 f\u00f6r detta skapas speciella testmallar.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Benchmarken visar: genomstr\u00f6mning, operationer per sekund, latens och CPU-belastning. Inte bara genomsnittliga v\u00e4rden r\u00e4knas, utan \u00e4ven min\/max.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nTrots att den senaste stabila versionen av verktyget sl\u00e4pptes 2014 anv\u00e4nds det fortfarande i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.broadcom.com\/support\/knowledgebase\/1211161498486\/using-iometer---general-tips-for-testing-cachecade\">Broadcom<\/a><\/noindex> och <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dell.com\/support\/article\/us\/en\/19\/how10228\/how-to-test-performance-on-poweredge-servers-with-iometer\">Dell<\/a><\/noindex>. Men systemets \u00e5lder p\u00e5verkar \u00e4nd\u00e5. F\u00f6r det f\u00f6rsta, dess gr\u00e4nssnitt <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iometer.org\/doc\/screenshots.html\">\u00e4r f\u00f6r\u00e5ldrat<\/a><\/noindex> och har inte \u00e4ndrats sedan 1998. F\u00f6r det andra, verktyget ger ibland inte helt adekvata resultat p\u00e5 all-flash-array.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/mgutz\/vpsbench\">vpsbench<\/a><\/noindex><\/h2>\n<p>\nEtt enkelt skript f\u00f6r att bed\u00f6ma prestanda p\u00e5 VPS. Det distribueras under <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/mgutz\/vpsbench\/blob\/master\/LICENSE\">MIT-licens<\/a><\/noindex>. H\u00e4r \u00e4r ett exempel p\u00e5 dess funktion, h\u00e4mtat fr\u00e5n det officiella arkivet p\u00e5 GitHub:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">$ bash &lt;(wget --no-check-certificate -O - https:\/\/raw.github.com\/mgutz\/vpsbench\/master\/vpsbench)\n\nCPU-modell:  Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3770 CPU @ 3.40GHz\nAntal k\u00e4rnor: 4\nCPU-frekvens:  3417.879 MHz\nTotalt RAM-minne: 3265 MB\nTotalt swap-minne: 1021 MB\nSystemets drifttid:   8:41,\nI\/O-hastighet:  427 MB\/s\nBzip 25MB: 4.66s\nNedladdning av 100MB-fil: 1.64MB\/s\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nVerktyget visar antalet k\u00e4rnor, CPU-frekvens och m\u00e4ngden minne som anv\u00e4nds. F\u00f6r att bed\u00f6ma prestanda f\u00f6r diskar utf\u00f6r vpsbench <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lowendtalk.com\/discussion\/144821\/new-vps-specific-benchmark-update-download-avail\">utf\u00f6r<\/a><\/noindex> sekventiell och slumpm\u00e4ssig l\u00e4sning\/skrivning. Trots att verktyget \u00e4r ganska gammalt (uppdateringen p\u00e5 GitHub gjordes f\u00f6r ungef\u00e4r fyra \u00e5r sedan) anv\u00e4nds det fortfarande av <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/mgutz\/vpsbench\/wiki\/VPS-Hosts\">anv\u00e4nder<\/a><\/noindex> m\u00e5nga molnleverant\u00f6rer och IT-f\u00f6retag.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hammerdb.com\/\">HammerDB<\/a><\/noindex><\/h2>\n<p>\nEn av de mest popul\u00e4ra <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/TPC-Council\/HammerDB\">\u00f6ppna<\/a><\/noindex> benchmark f\u00f6r belastningstestning av databaser. St\u00f6det f\u00f6r verktyget hanteras av en ideell organisation <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tpc.org\/\">TPC<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 Transaction Processing Performance Council. Dess m\u00e5l \u00e4r att utveckla standarder f\u00f6r databasbenchmarking.<\/p>\n<p>HammerDB skapar ett testdatabasschema, fyller det med data och simulerar belastningen av flera virtuella anv\u00e4ndare. Belastningen kan best\u00e5 av b\u00e5de transaktionella och analytiska operationer. St\u00f6der: Oracle Database, SQL Server, IBM Db2, MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL och Redis.<\/p>\n<p>Runt HammerDB har det bildats ett stort community. Verktyget anv\u00e4nds av f\u00f6retag i 180 l\u00e4nder v\u00e4rlden \u00f6ver. Bland dem: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/builders.intel.com\/docs\/select-solutions-hardened-security-with-lockheed-martin.pdf\">Intel<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dellemc.com\/en-us\/collaterals\/unauth\/white-papers\/products\/converged-infrastructure\/vxflex_overview_whitepaper.pdf\">Dell<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.crn.com\/news\/data-center\/video\/lenovo-on-why-its-software-defined-business-is-experiencing-triple-digit-growth\">Lenovo<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-8-improves-performance-modern-workloads\">Red Hat<\/a><\/noindex> och m\u00e5nga <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hammerdb.com\/benchmarks.html\">andra<\/a><\/noindex>. Om du vill utforska verktygets m\u00f6jligheter p\u00e5 egen hand kan du b\u00f6rja med <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hammerdb.com\/document.html\">de officiella guiderna<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hur man bed\u00f6mer prestanda p\u00e5 en Linux-server: \u00f6ppna verktyg f\u00f6r benchmarkning\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/f4ddc38624823e4f5b7366bd2928b787.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/places_lost\/33144378635\">f\u00f6rlorade platser<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 CC BY<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/sevenzip.osdn.jp\/chm\/cmdline\/commands\/bench.htm\">7-Zip<\/a><\/noindex><\/h2>\n<p>\nDenna komprimerare har en inbyggd benchmark f\u00f6r att testa processorns hastighet vid komprimering av ett visst antal filer. Den \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 l\u00e4mplig f\u00f6r att kontrollera RAM f\u00f6r fel. F\u00f6r tester anv\u00e4nds algoritmen <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LZMA\">LZMA<\/a><\/noindex> (Lempel\u2013Ziv\u2013Markov chain Algorithm). Den \u00e4r baserad p\u00e5 ett <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F\">ordbokskompressionsschema<\/a><\/noindex>. Till exempel, f\u00f6r att k\u00f6ra benchmark med en tr\u00e5d och en 64-megabyte ordbok r\u00e4cker det att skriva kommandot:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">7z b -mmt1 -md26<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nProgrammet ger resultatet i MIPS-format (million instructions per second), vilket kan ses som en nackdel. Denna parameter \u00e4r l\u00e4mplig f\u00f6r att j\u00e4mf\u00f6ra prestanda hos processorer av samma arkitektur, men n\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller olika arkitekturer \u00e4r dess till\u00e4mpning begr\u00e4nsad.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dd_(Unix)\">DD<\/a><\/noindex><\/h2>\n<p>\nEtt kommandoradsverktyg som konverterar och kopierar filer. Men det kan ocks\u00e5 anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r att g\u00f6ra enkla I\/O-tester p\u00e5 lagringssystem. Det startar i princip p\u00e5 n\u00e4stan alla system med GNU\/Linux.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e5 wiki-sidan <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dd_(Unix)#Benchmarking_drive_performance\">finns<\/a><\/noindex> kommandot f\u00f6r att utv\u00e4rdera prestandan f\u00f6r disken vid sekventiell skrivning av 1024-byte block:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dd if=\/dev\/zero bs=1024 count=1000000 of=file_1GB\ndd if=file_1GB of=\/dev\/null bs=1024\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDet \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 v\u00e4rt att notera att DD <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/romanrm.net\/dd-benchmark\">kan anv\u00e4ndas<\/a><\/noindex> som en enkel CPU-benchmark. F\u00f6r detta beh\u00f6vs dock ett extra program som kr\u00e4ver resurskr\u00e4vande ber\u00e4kningar. Till exempel, verktyget f\u00f6r att ber\u00e4kna hash-v\u00e4rden <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Md5sum\">md5sum<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dd if=\/dev\/zero bs=1M count=1024 | md5sum<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nKommandot ovan visar hur snabbt (MB\/s) systemet bearbetar en l\u00e5ng numerisk sekvens. \u00c4ven om experter s\u00e4ger att detta kommando endast \u00e4r l\u00e4mpligt f\u00f6r en grov uppskattning av prestanda. Det \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 viktigt att komma ih\u00e5g att DD m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r l\u00e5g-niv\u00e5 operationer p\u00e5 h\u00e5rddiskar. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r b\u00f6r man arbeta med verktyget med f\u00f6rsiktighet f\u00f6r att inte f\u00f6rlora en del av data (namnet DD sk\u00e4mtas ibland med att st\u00e5 f\u00f6r disk destroyer).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Vad vi skriver om i v\u00e5ra bloggar och p\u00e5 sociala medier:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hur man bed\u00f6mer prestanda p\u00e5 en Linux-server: \u00f6ppna verktyg f\u00f6r benchmarkning\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/33eecb5cdf1b774150ab07c86be240a5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/1cloud\/blog\/459994\/\">Studie: Linux \u00e4r fortfarande det mest popul\u00e4ra operativsystemet i molnet<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hur man bed\u00f6mer prestanda p\u00e5 en Linux-server: \u00f6ppna verktyg f\u00f6r benchmarkning\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/bce25c9c9ab2dc264256cfc3d1b2fa24.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/1cloud\/blog\/459628\/\">I Open Invention Network finns det \u00f6ver tre tusen licenstagare \u2014 vad betyder detta f\u00f6r \u00f6ppen programvara<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hur man bed\u00f6mer prestanda p\u00e5 en Linux-server: \u00f6ppna verktyg f\u00f6r benchmarkning\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/f764e93d7e9569e1ceea85e0d8a09b80.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/1cloud.ru\/blog\/linux-server-security-advices?utm_source=habrahabr&amp;utm_medium=cpm&amp;utm_campaign=bench3&amp;utm_content=blog\">Hur man s\u00e4krar Linux-system: 10 tips<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hur man bed\u00f6mer prestanda p\u00e5 en Linux-server: \u00f6ppna verktyg f\u00f6r benchmarkning\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/3d97751636907b8cf97fd6072c3f0e4b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/1cloud.ru\/blog\/minimizazia-it-riskov?utm_source=habrahabr&amp;utm_medium=cpm&amp;utm_campaign=bench3&amp;utm_content=blog\">Minimering av risker: hur man inte f\u00f6rlorar sina data<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hur man bed\u00f6mer prestanda p\u00e5 en Linux-server: \u00f6ppna verktyg f\u00f6r benchmarkning\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/3252529d7ba6a90e5d117a2f40102a23.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/1cloudru\/photos\/a.1526614574327724\/2382871935368646\">B\u00f6cker f\u00f6r dem som redan arbetar med systemadministration eller bara planerar att b\u00f6rja<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hur man bed\u00f6mer prestanda p\u00e5 en Linux-server: \u00f6ppna verktyg f\u00f6r benchmarkning\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/a87d207dba47092805d9071f83977b3c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/1cloudru\/photos\/a.1526614574327724\/2372990136356826\">Ovanliga dom\u00e4nzoner f\u00f6r ditt projekt<\/a><\/noindex><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>K\u00e4lla: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/1cloud\/blog\/462777\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041c\u044b \u0432 1cloud.ru \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0421\u0425\u0414 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 Linux-\u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445: Iometer, DD, vpsbench, HammerDB \u0438 7-Zip. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u0431\u0435\u043d\u0447\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438: Sysbench, UnixBench, Phoronix Test Suite, Vdbench \u0438 IOzone Interbench, Fio, Hdparm, S \u0438 Bonnie \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u2014 Bureau of Land Management Alaska \u2014 CC BY Iometer \u042d\u0442\u043e \u2014 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