{"id":37606,"date":"2019-10-31T22:18:33","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/cheklist-gotovnosti-k-prodakshnu\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:18:33","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:33","slug":"cheklist-gotovnosti-k-prodakshnu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/cheklist-gotovnosti-k-prodakshnu","title":{"rendered":"Checklist f\u00f6r beredskap till produktion","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i>\u00d6vers\u00e4ttningen av artikeln \u00e4r s\u00e4rskilt utarbetad f\u00f6r studenter i kursen <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/3Sdo\/\">\u00abDevOps metoder och verktyg\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex>, som startar idag!<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Checklist f\u00f6r beredskap till produktion\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/1e5e1c61f18be45e9f4a8d0b16ccd422.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Har du n\u00e5gon g\u00e5ng lanserat en ny tj\u00e4nst i produktion? Eller kanske varit involverad i driften av s\u00e5dana tj\u00e4nster? Om ja, vad v\u00e4gledde dig? Vad \u00e4r bra f\u00f6r produktion och vad \u00e4r d\u00e5ligt? Hur utbildar du nya teammedlemmar f\u00f6r releaser eller drift av befintliga tj\u00e4nster?<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c \u201c\u0414\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430&#187;. \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431 \u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<p>Trial and error-metoden skapar en milj\u00f6 d\u00e4r skuldbel\u00e4ggning och ansvarsf\u00f6rskjutning \u00e4r vanliga. Vid s\u00e5dana beteenden blir det allt sv\u00e5rare att l\u00e4ra sig av sina misstag och att inte upprepa dem.<\/p>\n<p>Framg\u00e5ngsrika organisationer:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>erk\u00e4nner behovet av riktlinjer f\u00f6r produktion, <\/li>\n<li>studera b\u00e4sta praxis, <\/li>\n<li>inleder diskussioner om beredskap f\u00f6r produktion tidigt i utvecklingen av nya system eller komponenter, <\/li>\n<li>s\u00e4kerst\u00e4ller att reglerna f\u00f6r beredskap inf\u00f6r produktion f\u00f6ljs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nF\u00f6rberedelse f\u00f6r produktion inkluderar en 'review'-process. En review kan antingen vara i form av en checklista eller en upps\u00e4ttning fr\u00e5gor. Review kan g\u00f6ras manuellt, automatiskt eller med en kombination av b\u00e5da. Ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r statiska kravlistor kan checklistor g\u00f6ras om till mallar som kan anpassas efter specifika behov. P\u00e5 s\u00e5 s\u00e4tt kan ingenj\u00f6rerna f\u00e5 ett s\u00e4tt att \u00f6verf\u00f6ra kunskap och tillr\u00e4cklig flexibilitet n\u00e4r det beh\u00f6vs.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u00e4r ska tj\u00e4nsten kontrolleras f\u00f6r beredskap f\u00f6r produktion?<\/h3>\n<p>\nDet \u00e4r bra att genomf\u00f6ra en beredskapskontroll f\u00f6r produktion inte bara direkt f\u00f6re releasen, utan ocks\u00e5 vid \u00f6verl\u00e4mning till ett annat driftteam eller en ny medarbetare.<\/p>\n<p>Genomf\u00f6r kontrollen n\u00e4r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Du sl\u00e4pper en ny tj\u00e4nst i produktion.<\/li>\n<li>Du \u00f6verl\u00e4mnar driften av en produktionstj\u00e4nst till ett annat team, s\u00e5som SRE.<\/li>\n<li>Du \u00f6verl\u00e4mnar driften av en produktionstj\u00e4nst till nya medarbetare.<\/li>\n<li>Du organiserar teknisk support.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Checklista f\u00f6r beredskapskontroll f\u00f6r produktion<\/h3>\n<p>\nF\u00f6r en tid sedan, som exempel, skapade jag <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/google-cloud\/production-guideline-9d5d10c8f1e\">publicerade<\/a><\/noindex> checklistan f\u00f6r beredskapskontroll f\u00f6r produktion. Trots att denna lista kom till vid arbete med Google Cloud-kunder kommer den att vara anv\u00e4ndbar och till\u00e4mplig \u00e4ven utanf\u00f6r Google Cloud.<\/p>\n<h4>Design och utveckling<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Utveckla en reproducerbar byggprocess som inte kr\u00e4ver tillg\u00e5ng till externa tj\u00e4nster och inte \u00e4r beroende av externa systemfel.<\/li>\n<li>Under projekt- och utvecklingsfasen, definiera och s\u00e4tt upp SLO f\u00f6r dina tj\u00e4nster.<\/li>\n<li>Dokumentera f\u00f6rv\u00e4ntningarna p\u00e5 tillg\u00e4ngligheten av de externa tj\u00e4nster som du \u00e4r beroende av.<\/li>\n<li>Undvik en enda felpunkt genom att ta bort beroenden av en global resurce. Replikera resursen eller anv\u00e4nd en reservl\u00f6sning n\u00e4r resursen \u00e4r otillg\u00e4nglig (t.ex. h\u00e5rdkodad v\u00e4rde).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Konfigurationshantering<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Statisk, liten och icke-hemlig konfiguration kan \u00f6verf\u00f6ras via kommandoradsparametrar. F\u00f6r allt annat, anv\u00e4nd konfigurationslagringstj\u00e4nster.<\/li>\n<li>Dynamisk konfiguration b\u00f6r ha reservinst\u00e4llningar ifall konfigurationsservicen blir otillg\u00e4nglig.<\/li>\n<li>Utvecklingsmilj\u00f6konfigurationen b\u00f6r inte vara kopplad till produktionskonfigurationen. Annars kan det leda till att utvecklingsmilj\u00f6n f\u00e5r tillg\u00e5ng till produktions- tj\u00e4nster, vilket kan orsaka problem med sekretess och datal\u00e4ckor.<\/li>\n<li>Dokumentera vad som kan konfigureras dynamiskt och beskriv reservbeteendet om konfigurationsleveranssystemet blir otillg\u00e4ngligt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Releasehantering<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dokumentera releaseprocessen i detalj. Beskriv hur releaser p\u00e5verkar SLO (t.ex. tillf\u00e4lliga \u00f6kningar av latens p\u00e5 grund av cache-missar).<\/li>\n<li>Dokumentera kanarief\u00e5glar.<\/li>\n<li>Utveckla en plan f\u00f6r analys av kanarief\u00e5glar och, n\u00e4r det \u00e4r m\u00f6jligt, mekanismer f\u00f6r automatisk \u00e5terst\u00e4llning.<\/li>\n<li>Se till att \u00e5terst\u00e4llningar kan anv\u00e4nda samma processer som distribution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>\u00d6vervakning (Observability)<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Se till att en upps\u00e4ttning metrik som kr\u00e4vs f\u00f6r SLO samlas in. <\/li>\n<li>Se till att du kan s\u00e4rskilja mellan klient- och serverdata. Detta \u00e4r viktigt f\u00f6r att hitta orsaken till fel.<\/li>\n<li>Konfigurera aviseringar f\u00f6r att minska arbetsbelastningen. Till exempel, ta bort aviseringar som orsakas av rutin\u00e5tg\u00e4rder.<\/li>\n<li>Om du anv\u00e4nder Stackdriver, se till att GCP-plattformsmetrik inkluderas i dina instrumentpaneler. St\u00e4ll in aviseringar f\u00f6r GCP-beroenden.<\/li>\n<li>Sprid alltid inkommande sp\u00e5rning. \u00c4ven om du inte deltar i sp\u00e5rningen, kan det hj\u00e4lpa l\u00e4gre niv\u00e5tj\u00e4nster att fels\u00f6ka produktionsproblem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Skydd och s\u00e4kerhet<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Se till att alla externa anslutningar \u00e4r krypterade.<\/li>\n<li>Se s\u00e4kerst\u00e4ll att dina produktionsprojekt har r\u00e4tt IAM-inst\u00e4llningar.<\/li>\n<li>Anv\u00e4nd n\u00e4tverk f\u00f6r att isolera grupper av virtuella maskiner.<\/li>\n<li>Anv\u00e4nd VPN f\u00f6r s\u00e4ker anslutning till externa n\u00e4tverk.<\/li>\n<li>Dokumentera och \u00f6vervaka anv\u00e4ndartillg\u00e5ng till data. S\u00e4kerst\u00e4ll att all anv\u00e4ndartillg\u00e5ng till data granskas och loggas.<\/li>\n<li>Se till att slutpunkterna f\u00f6r fels\u00f6kning \u00e4r begr\u00e4nsade av ACL.<\/li>\n<li>Sanera anv\u00e4ndarinmatningar. St\u00e4ll in begr\u00e4nsningar f\u00f6r storleken p\u00e5 nyttolasten f\u00f6r anv\u00e4ndarinmatningar.<\/li>\n<li>S\u00e4kerst\u00e4ll att din tj\u00e4nst kan selektivt blockera inkommande trafik f\u00f6r specifika anv\u00e4ndare. Detta g\u00f6r att man kan blockera \u00f6vertr\u00e4delser utan att p\u00e5verka andra anv\u00e4ndare.<\/li>\n<li>Undvik externa slutpunkter som initierar ett stort antal interna operationer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Kapacitetsplanering<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dokumentera hur din tj\u00e4nst skalas. Till exempel: antal anv\u00e4ndare, storlek p\u00e5 inkommande nyttolast, antal inkommande meddelanden.<\/li>\n<li>Dokumentera resurskraven f\u00f6r din tj\u00e4nst. Till exempel: antal dedikerade virtuella maskiner, antal Spanner-instans, specialutrustning som GPU eller TPU.<\/li>\n<li>Dokumentera resursbegr\u00e4nsningar: typ av resurs, region, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Dokumentera kvotbegr\u00e4nsningar f\u00f6r att skapa nya resurser. Till exempel, begr\u00e4nsningen f\u00f6r antal GCE API-f\u00f6rfr\u00e5gningar om du anv\u00e4nder API:t f\u00f6r att skapa nya instanser.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6verv\u00e4g att genomf\u00f6ra belastningstester f\u00f6r att analysera prestandaf\u00f6rs\u00e4mringen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDet var allt. Vi ses p\u00e5 lektionerna!<br \/>\n<br \/>K\u00e4lla: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/otus\/blog\/465489\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00abDevOps \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b\u00bb, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f! \u0412\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0448\u043d? \u0418\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432? \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c? \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e, \u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e? \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28225,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37606","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta 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