{"id":37655,"date":"2019-10-31T22:18:51","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:18:51","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:51","slug":"live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/news\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd","title":{"rendered":"Live-distributionen Knoppix har efter 4 \u00e5rs anv\u00e4ndning \u00f6vergivit systemd.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Efter fyra \u00e5r med systemd har Knoppix, en Debian-baserad distribution, tagit bort det kontroversiella init-systemet.<\/i><\/p>\n

Denna s\u00f6ndag (18 augusti *<\/b>) sl\u00e4pptes version 8.6 av den popul\u00e4ra Linux-distributionen Knoppix, baserad p\u00e5 Debian. Grunden f\u00f6r releasen \u00e4r Debian 10 (Buster) som sl\u00e4pptes den 9 juli, med flera paket fr\u00e5n testing- och unstable-grenar f\u00f6r att st\u00f6dja nya grafikkort. Knoppix \u00e4r en av de f\u00f6rsta live-CD-distributionerna av Linux och \u00e4r fortfarande mycket popul\u00e4r bland entusiaster.<\/p>\n

Lanseringen av Knoppix 8.6 \u2014 den f\u00f6rsta offentliga versionen av distributionen som avvisar systemd, init-systemet utvecklat av Lennart Poettering fr\u00e5n Red Hat, avsett att ers\u00e4tta sysvinit. Medan anpassningen av systemd har varit f\u00f6rem\u00e5l f\u00f6r kontroverser och kritik, \u00e4r systemd f\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande standardvalet i mainstream. Det anv\u00e4nds i upstream Knoppix \u2014 Debian; RHEL, CentOS och Fedora; openSUSE och SLES, samt i Mageia och Arch.<\/p>\n

Missn\u00f6jet med systemd \u00e4r fr\u00e4mst kopplat till den \u00f6verfl\u00f6diga funktionaliteten som subsystemet tar p\u00e5 sig, d\u00e5 projektet inte \u00f6verensst\u00e4mmer med den grundl\u00e4ggande filosofin i Unix \u00abg\u00f6r en sak och g\u00f6r den bra\u00bb. Andra aspekter, som loggar i bin\u00e4r form (till skillnad fr\u00e5n l\u00e4sbara m\u00e4nskliga textloggar) v\u00e4cker ocks\u00e5 kritik.<\/p>\n

Tekniskt sett var den f\u00f6rsta versionen av Knoppix som tog bort systemd 8.5; men denna version spreds exklusivt med tryckta versioner av Linux Magazine Germany tidigare i \u00e5r och var inte tillg\u00e4nglig f\u00f6r offentlig nedladdning. Skaparen av Knoppix, Klaus Knopper, skrev kort om beslutet att ta bort systemd i denna version (\u00f6vers\u00e4ttning fr\u00e5n tyska, l\u00e4nkar tillagda f\u00f6r kontext):<\/p>\n

\u00abDen fortfarande kontroversiella starten av systemd, som h\u00e4romdagen orsakade uppst\u00e5ndelse p\u00e5 grund av s\u00e4kerhetsbrister,<\/a>integrerades i Debian fr\u00e5n version 8.0 (Jessie) och togs bort fr\u00e5n och med releasen av Knoppix 8.5. Jag omgick strikta beroenden med boot-systemet med mina egna paket (patchar) *<\/b>).<\/p>\n

F\u00f6r att beh\u00e5lla systemd-liknande sessionshantering och d\u00e4rmed beh\u00e5lla m\u00f6jligheten att avsluta och starta om systemet som en vanlig anv\u00e4ndare, anv\u00e4nde jag sessionshanteraren elogind. Detta gjorde det m\u00f6jligt att undvika systemds ingripande i m\u00e5nga systemkomponenter och minska komplexiteten hos systemet som helhet. Om du beh\u00f6ver starta dina egna tj\u00e4nster vid uppstart, beh\u00f6ver du inte skapa n\u00e5gra systemd-enheter, skriv bara in dina tj\u00e4nster i textfilen \/etc\/rc.local d\u00e4r det finns exempel med f\u00f6rklaringar.\u00bb<\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Knoppix anv\u00e4nde systemd fr\u00e5n 2014 till 2019 och blev den andra i en mycket kort lista av distributioner som integrerade, och sedan avvisade systemd \u2014 Void Linux \u00e4r den f\u00f6rsta p\u00e5 denna lista. Dessutom skapades en fork av Debian 2016 \u2014 Devuan, kring systemd-fri filosofi. (Det finns en liknande fork av Arch Linux \u2014 Artix, som anv\u00e4nder openRC. *<\/b>)<\/p>\n

Knoppix levereras ocks\u00e5 med ett system f\u00f6r personer med funktionsvariationer, ADRIANE (Audio Desktop Reference Implementation And Networking Environment), som \u00e4r \u00abett system f\u00f6r talande meny, vars syfte \u00e4r att underl\u00e4tta arbete och tillg\u00e5ng till internet f\u00f6r datornyb\u00f6rjare, \u00e4ven om de inte har visuell kontakt med datorsk\u00e4rmen\u00bb, inkluderar valfritt ett sk\u00e4rmluppsystem baserat p\u00e5 Compiz.<\/p>\n

* \u2014 anm. \u00f6vers\u00e4ttaren<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/p>\n

K\u00e4lla: linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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