{"id":37750,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:31","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:31","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:31","slug":"distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/news\/distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami","title":{"rendered":"Distri \u2014 en distribution f\u00f6r testning av teknologier f\u00f6r snabb pakethantering","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Michael Stapelberg, f\u00f6rfattaren bakom den mosaikbaserade f\u00f6nsterhanteraren i3wm och tidigare aktiv Debian-utvecklare (som underh\u00f6ll cirka 170 paket), <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/michael.stapelberg.ch\/posts\/2019-08-17-introducing-distri\/\">standard C-biblioteket<\/a><\/noindex>  experimentell distribution <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/distr1.org\/\">distri<\/a><\/noindex> och den namngivna paketmanagern. Projektet positioneras som en forskning om m\u00f6jliga s\u00e4tt att \u00f6ka prestandan f\u00f6r pakethanteringssystem och inf\u00f6rlivar n\u00e5gra nya id\u00e9er f\u00f6r hur distributioner kan byggas. Koden f\u00f6r paketmanagern \u00e4r skriven i Go och <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/distr1\/distri\/\">sprids<\/a><\/noindex> under BSD-licensen.<\/p>\n<p>En nyckelfunktion i det paketformat som erbjuds i distributionen \u00e4r att paketet levereras i form av SquashFS-avbilder, ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r komprimerade tar-arkiv. Anv\u00e4ndningen av SquashFS, liknande formaten AppImage och Snap, g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt att 'montera' paketet utan att beh\u00f6va packa upp det, vilket sparar diskupprymme, m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r atom\u00e4ra \u00e4ndringar och g\u00f6r inneh\u00e5llet i paketet omedelbart tillg\u00e4ngligt. Samtidigt inneh\u00e5ller distri-paketen, precis som i det klassiska 'deb'-formatet, endast separata komponenter som \u00e4r kopplade via beroenden till andra paket (bibliotek dupliceras inte i paketen utan installeras som beroenden). Med andra ord f\u00f6rs\u00f6ker distri kombinera den granul\u00e4ra paketstrukturen fr\u00e5n klassiska distributioner, som Debian, med metoder f\u00f6r distribution av applikationer i form av monterbara containrar.<\/p>\n<p>Varje paket i distri monteras i sin egen katalog i skrivskyddat l\u00e4ge (till exempel \u00e4r paketet med zsh tillg\u00e4ngligt som '\/ro\/zsh-amd64-5.6.2-3'), vilket positivt p\u00e5verkar s\u00e4kerheten och skyddar mot oavsiktliga eller illvilliga \u00e4ndringar. F\u00f6r att skapa en hierarki av systemkataloger, s\u00e5som \/usr\/bin, \/usr\/share och \/usr\/lib, anv\u00e4nds en speciell FUSE-modul som sammanfogar inneh\u00e5llet i alla installerade SquashFS-avbilder till en helhet (till exempel ger katalogen \/ro\/share tillg\u00e5ng till underkataloger fr\u00e5n alla paket). <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/repo.distr1.org\/distri\/jackherer\/docs\/package-format.html\">Paket<\/a><\/noindex> i distri \u00e4r principiellt <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/michael.stapelberg.ch\/posts\/2019-07-20-hooks-and-triggers\/\">befriade<\/a><\/noindex> fr\u00e5n de anropade handskarna under installationen (inga hooks eller triggers), och olika versioner av paketet kan samexistera med varandra, vilket g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt att parallellisera paketinstallationer. Den f\u00f6reslagna strukturen begr\u00e4nsar paketchefens prestanda endast till n\u00e4tverksbandbredden genom vilken paketen laddas ner. Installationen eller uppdateringen av ett paket utf\u00f6rs atom\u00e4rt och kr\u00e4ver ingen duplicering av inneh\u00e5llet. <\/p>\n<p>Konflikter vid installation av paket utesluts eftersom varje paket kopplas till sin egen katalog och systemet till\u00e5ter olika versioner av samma paket (inneh\u00e5llet i katalogen med en nyare revision inkluderas i de \u00f6vergripande katalogerna). Byggandet av paket sker ocks\u00e5 v\u00e4ldigt snabbt och kr\u00e4ver ingen installation av paketen i en separat byggmilj\u00f6 (i byggmilj\u00f6n skapas representationer av de n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndiga beroendena fr\u00e5n katalogen \/ro).<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/repo.distr1.org\/distri\/jackherer\/docs\/rosetta-stone.html\">St\u00f6ds<\/a><\/noindex> Vanliga kommandon f\u00f6r paketadministration, s\u00e5som 'distri install' och 'distri update', och ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r informationskommandon kan den vanliga verktyget 'ls' anv\u00e4ndas (till exempel, f\u00f6r att se installerade paket r\u00e4cker det med att lista katalogerna i hierarkin '\/ro', och f\u00f6r att ta reda p\u00e5 vilket paket en fil tillh\u00f6r kan man se vart l\u00e4nken pekar fr\u00e5n denna fil).<\/p>\n<p>Den f\u00f6reslagna prototypen f\u00f6r distributionen f\u00f6r experiment inkluderar ungef\u00e4r <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/repo.distr1.org\/distri\/jackherer\/pkg\/\">1700 paket<\/a><\/noindex> och f\u00e4rdiga <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/repo.distr1.org\/distri\/jackherer\/img\/\">installationsavbilder<\/a><\/noindex> med en installerare, l\u00e4mplig f\u00f6r installation som huvud-OS, samt f\u00f6r att k\u00f6ras i QEMU, Docker, Google Cloud och VirtualBox. Start fr\u00e5n en krypterad diskpartition och en upps\u00e4ttning standardapplikationer f\u00f6r att skapa skrivbord baserat p\u00e5 f\u00f6nsterhanteraren i3 st\u00f6ds (Google Chrome rekommenderas som webbl\u00e4sare). <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/repo.distr1.org\/distri\/jackherer\/docs\/building.html\">Erbjuds<\/a><\/noindex>  ett komplett verktyg f\u00f6r att bygga distributionen, f\u00f6rbereda och skapa paket, distribuera paket till spegelservrar, osv.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>K\u00e4lla: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51407\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043b \u0428\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433 (Michael Stapelberg), \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 i3wm \u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a Debian (\u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 170 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 distri \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 Go \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043b \u0428\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433 (Michael Stapelberg), \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 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