{"id":38040,"date":"2019-10-31T22:21:20","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/propatchil-exim-propatch-eshhe-raz-svezhee-remote-command-execution-v-exim-4-92-v-odin-zapros\/"},"modified":"2021-02-01T11:37:46","modified_gmt":"2021-02-01T09:37:46","slug":"propatchil-exim-propatch-eshhe-raz-svezhee-remote-command-execution-v-exim-4-92-v-odin-zapros","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/propatchil-exim-propatch-eshhe-raz-svezhee-remote-command-execution-v-exim-4-92-v-odin-zapros","title":{"rendered":"Patcha Exim \u2014 patcha igen. Nyligen uppt\u00e4ckte Remote Command Execution i Exim 4.92 i ett enda anrop","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Patcha Exim \u2014 patcha igen. Nyligen uppt\u00e4ckte Remote Command Execution i Exim 4.92 i ett enda anrop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/0bb4edaf80bcc0b602bf57c9d3b916be.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\"><\/p>\n<p>Nyligen, i b\u00f6rjan av sommaren, fanns det en massiv uppmaning att uppgradera Exim till version 4.92 p\u00e5 grund av s\u00e5rbarheten CVE-2019-10149 (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/455598\/\">Uppdatera exim till 4.92 omg\u00e5ende \u2013 aktiv infektion p\u00e5g\u00e5r \/ Habr<\/a><\/noindex>). Och nyligen uppt\u00e4cktes det att den skadliga Sustes utnyttjade den h\u00e4r s\u00e5rbarheten.<\/p>\n<p>Nu kan alla som hastigt uppgrupperat sig \u00e5terigen \"gl\u00e4djas\": Den 21 juli 2019 uppt\u00e4ckte forskaren Zerons en kritisk s\u00e5rbarhet i <strong>Exim Mail Transfer agent (MTA) vid anv\u00e4ndning av TLS<\/strong> f\u00f6r versioner fr\u00e5n <strong>4.80 till 4.92.1<\/strong> inklusive, vilket m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r fj\u00e4rrkontroll <strong>att k\u00f6ra kod med privilegierade r\u00e4ttigheter<\/strong> (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/exim.org\/static\/doc\/security\/CVE-2019-15846.txt\">CVE-2019-15846<\/a><\/noindex>).<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"uyazvimost\">S\u00e5rbarhet<\/h3>\n<p>S\u00e5rbarheten f\u00f6rekommer vid anv\u00e4ndning av bibliotek som GnuTLS och OpenSSL vid installation av en s\u00e4ker TLS-anslutning.<\/p>\n<p>Enligt utvecklaren Heiko Schlittermann anv\u00e4nder Exims konfigurationsfil som standard inte TLS, men m\u00e5nga distributioner skapar n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndiga certifikat och inkluderar en s\u00e4ker anslutning vid installation. Dessutom installerar nyare versioner av Exim alternativet <em>tls_advertise_hosts=*<\/em> och genererar n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndiga certifikat.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>beror p\u00e5 konfigurationen. De flesta distributionerna aktiverar det som standard, men Exim beh\u00f6ver ett certifikat+nyckel f\u00f6r att fungera som en TLS-server. F\u00f6rmodligen skapar distributionerna ett certifikat under installationen. Nyare Exim-versioner har alternativet tls_advertise_hosts som som standard \u00e4r inst\u00e4llt p\u00e5 &#171;*&#187; och skapar ett sj\u00e4lvsignerat certifikat om inget tillhandah\u00e5lls.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>S\u00e5rbarheten i sig ligger i felaktig hantering av SNI (Server Name Indication, en teknik som introducerades 2003 i RFC 3546 f\u00f6r att l\u00e5ta klienten beg\u00e4ra ett korrekt certifikat f\u00f6r dom\u00e4nnamnet, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/webo\/blog\/327410\/\">Spridning av standarden TLS SNI \/ Blogg av WEBO Group \/ Habr<\/a><\/noindex>) under TLS-handshake. En angripare beh\u00f6ver bara skicka SNI som slutar med en bakslutning (&#171;&#187;) och en null-symbol (&#187; &#171;).<\/p>\n<p>Forskare fr\u00e5n Qualys har uppt\u00e4ckt en bugg i funktionen string_printing(tls_in.sni), som beror p\u00e5 felaktig undvikande av &#171;&#187;. Som ett resultat skrivs bakslutningen ut i okodad form i headerfilen f\u00f6r utskrifter. Denna fil l\u00e4ses sedan av funktionen spool_read_header() med privilegierade r\u00e4ttigheter, vilket leder till en heap overflow.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Det \u00e4r v\u00e4rt att notera att Exims utvecklare f\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande har skapat en PoC f\u00f6r s\u00e5rbarheten f\u00f6r att k\u00f6ra kommandon p\u00e5 en extern s\u00e5rbar server, men den \u00e4r f\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande inte offentligt tillg\u00e4nglig. P\u00e5 grund av enkelheten i att utnyttja buggen \u00e4r det bara en tidsfr\u00e5ga, och ganska kort tid dessutom.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>F\u00f6r mer detaljerad forskning fr\u00e5n Qualys kan du l\u00e4sa <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Exim\/exim\/blob\/master\/doc\/doc-txt\/cve-2019-15846\/qualys.mbx\">h\u00e4r<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Patcha Exim \u2014 patcha igen. Nyligen uppt\u00e4ckte Remote Command Execution i Exim 4.92 i ett enda anrop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/435bc2e3828affdc9be2816036530718.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\"><\/p>\n<p><em>Anv\u00e4ndning av SNI i TLS<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"kolichestvo-potencialno-uyazvimyh-publichnyh-serverov\">Antal potentiellt s\u00e5rbara offentliga servrar<\/h3>\n<p>Enligt statistik fr\u00e5n en stor hostingleverant\u00f6r <strong>E-Soft Inc<\/strong> den 1 september anv\u00e4nds version 4.92 p\u00e5 mer \u00e4n 70 % av de hyrestj\u00e4nster som finns.<\/p>\n<p>Version<br \/>\nAntal servrar<br \/>\nProcent<\/p>\n<p>4.92.1<br \/>\n6471<br \/>\n1.28%<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.92<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>376436<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>74.22%<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>4.91<br \/>\n58179<br \/>\n11.47%<\/p>\n<p>4.9<br \/>\n5732<br \/>\n1.13%<\/p>\n<p>4.89<br \/>\n10700<br \/>\n2.11%<\/p>\n<p>4.87<br \/>\n14177<br \/>\n2.80%<\/p>\n<p>4.84<br \/>\n9937<br \/>\n1.96%<\/p>\n<p>Andra versioner<br \/>\n25568<br \/>\n5.04%<\/p>\n<p><em>Statistik fr\u00e5n E-Soft Inc<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Om man s\u00f6ker i s\u00f6kmotorn <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shodan.io\/\"><strong>Shodan<\/strong><\/a><\/noindex>, s\u00e5 av 5 250 000 i databasen av servrar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ungef\u00e4r 3 500 000 anv\u00e4nder Exim 4.92 (ungef\u00e4r 1 380 000 med SSL\/TLS);<\/li>\n<li>\u00f6ver 74 000 anv\u00e4nder 4.92.1 (ungef\u00e4r 25 000 med SSL\/TLS).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u00e4rf\u00f6r finns det cirka <strong>1.5 miljoner<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Patcha Exim \u2014 patcha igen. Nyligen uppt\u00e4ckte Remote Command Execution i Exim 4.92 i ett enda anrop\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/53dac3e4d5d4a127f522a17ae1633084.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\"><\/p>\n<p><em>S\u00f6kning av Exim-servrar i Shodan<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"zaschita\">Skydd<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Det enklaste, men inte rekommenderade alternativet \u00e4r att inte anv\u00e4nda TLS, vilket leder till att e-postmeddelanden skickas i klartext.<\/li>\n<li>Mer att f\u00f6redra f\u00f6r att undvika utnyttjande av s\u00e5rbarheten \u00e4r att uppgradera till version <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/exim.org\/index.html\">Exim Internet Mailer 4.92.2<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<li>Om uppgradering eller installation av en patchad version inte \u00e4r m\u00f6jligt kan du st\u00e4lla in ACL i Exim-konfigurationen f\u00f6r alternativet <strong>acl_smtp_mail<\/strong> med f\u00f6ljande regler:\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># to be prepended to your mail acl (the ACL referenced\n# by the acl_smtp_mail main config option)\ndeny    condition = ${if eq{}{${substr{-1}{1}{$tls_in_sni}}}}\ndeny    condition = ${if eq{}{${substr{-1}{1}{$tls_in_peerdn}}}}<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>K\u00e4lla: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/jetinfosystems\/blog\/467089\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432\u044b \u043a \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e Exim \u0434\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 4.92 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 CVE-2019-10149 (\u0421\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 exim \u0434\u043e 4.92 \u2014 \u0438\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \/ \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440). \u0410 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043d\u044f\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441 Sustes \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e. \u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f\u00bb: 21 \u0438\u044e\u043b\u044f 2019 \u0433. \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c Zerons \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28554,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - 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