{"id":38891,"date":"2019-10-31T22:26:35","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:26:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sovmestnoe-setevoe-ispolzovanie-kriptograficheskogo-tokena-polzovatelyami-na-baze-usbip\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:26:35","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:26:35","slug":"sovmestnoe-setevoe-ispolzovanie-kriptograficheskogo-tokena-polzovatelyami-na-baze-usbip","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sovmestnoe-setevoe-ispolzovanie-kriptograficheskogo-tokena-polzovatelyami-na-baze-usbip","title":{"rendered":"Gemensam n\u00e4tverksanv\u00e4ndning av kryptografisk token av anv\u00e4ndare baserat p\u00e5 usbip","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

I samband med \u00e4ndringen av lagstiftningen ang\u00e5ende betrodda tj\u00e4nster (\"Om elektriska betrodda tj\u00e4nster\" Ukraina), uppstod behovet f\u00f6r flera avdelningar p\u00e5 f\u00f6retaget att arbeta med nycklar, som finns p\u00e5 token (f\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande \u00e4r fr\u00e5gan om antalet h\u00e5rdvarunycklar fortfarande \u00f6ppen).<\/p>\n

Som ett kostnadseffektivt verktyg (gratis) f\u00f6ll valet direkt p\u00e5 usbip<\/a><\/noindex>. Servern p\u00e5 Ubuntu 18.04 fungerade tack vare publiceringen Hantering av USB\/IP<\/a><\/noindex> och testades framg\u00e5ngsrikt p\u00e5 flera flashminnen (p\u00e5 grund av bristen p\u00e5 token d\u00e5). Inga s\u00e4rskilda problem, f\u00f6rutom monopol\u00e4gande (reservation f\u00f6r anv\u00e4ndaren) vid den tidpunkten uppt\u00e4cktes. Det \u00e4r klart att f\u00f6r att organisera \u00e5tkomst f\u00f6r flera anv\u00e4ndare (\u00e5tminstone tv\u00e5, i b\u00f6rjan) \u00e4r det n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndigt att dela upp deras \u00e5tkomst \u00f6ver tid och f\u00e5 dem att arbeta i tur och ordning.<\/p>\n

Fr\u00e5gan uppstod: Hur kan vi g\u00f6ra s\u00e5 att alla f\u00e5r det att fungera med s\u00e5 lite kr\u00e5ngel som m\u00f6jligt\u2026
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Partiet \u00e4r grovt<\/h1>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Gemensam
\nAlternativ 1<\/b>. Flera genv\u00e4gar till bat-filer, n\u00e4mligen
\na) Anslutning av \u00e5tkomstnyckeln.
\nb) Medveten avst\u00e4ngning. <\/p>\n

\u041f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442 «b<\/b>» \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u043c \u0432 3 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b.<\/p>\n

Ett k\u00e4nnetecken f\u00f6r usbip-klienten \u00e4r att efter att den startats s\u00e5 h\u00e4nger den kvar i konsolen, utan att avbryta konsolsessionen. Anslutningen kan \"grovt\" st\u00e4ngas fr\u00e5n klientens eller serverns sida.<\/p>\n

\n Detta fungerade bra f\u00f6r oss:<\/p>\n

f\u00f6rsta: anslutning on.bat<\/i><\/b> <\/p>\n

usbip -a 172.16.12.26 4-1\nmsg * \"Signaturen\/token \u00e4r inte tillg\u00e4nglig eller upptagen\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
andra: avst\u00e4ngning off.bat<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
ping 127.0.0.1 -n 180\ntaskkill \/IM usbip.exe \/F<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nutan att lita p\u00e5 anv\u00e4ndarens medvetenhet, slogs skripten samman i token.bat<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
on.bat | off.bat<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f: \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u043c token.bat, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430, \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 180 \u043f\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c «@ECHO OFF» \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0432 «> nul» \u0434\u0430\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0448\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u00bb \u043d\u0430 USB \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e-\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e-\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n
\"Gemensam
\n
\nSj\u00e4lvklart gick allt inte som f\u00f6rv\u00e4ntat n\u00e4r vi arbetade direkt med token: vid fysisk anslutning i enhetschefen registreras token som 2 enheter (WUDF och smartkort), men vid n\u00e4tverksanslutning endast som WUDF (\u00e4ven om detta \u00e4r tillr\u00e4ckligt f\u00f6r att beg\u00e4ra PIN-koden).<\/p>\n
\"Gemensam
\n
\nDet visade sig ocks\u00e5 att den brutala \"taskkill\" inte \u00e4r s\u00e5 grym och att st\u00e4nga anslutningen p\u00e5 klienten \u00e4r problematiskt, och \u00e4ven om det lyckades, garanterar det inte att anslutningen st\u00e4ngs p\u00e5 servern.<\/p>\n
Genom att offra alla konsoler p\u00e5 klienten tog det andra skriptet f\u00f6ljande form:<\/p>\n
ping 127.0.0.1 -n 180 > nul\ntaskkill \/IM usbip.exe \/F \/T > nul\nping 127.0.0.1 -n 10 > nul\ntaskkill \/IM conhost.exe \/F \/T > nul<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nMen dess effektivitet \u00e4r mindre \u00e4n 50%, eftersom servern envist fortsatte att anse att anslutningen var \u00f6ppen.<\/p>\n
Problem med anslutningen ledde till tankar p\u00e5 att modernisera serverdelen.<\/p>\n
Serverdel<\/h1>\n
\nVad som beh\u00f6vs:<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. Koppla fr\u00e5n inaktiva anv\u00e4ndare fr\u00e5n tj\u00e4nsten.<\/li>\n
  2. Se vem som f\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande anv\u00e4nder (eller fortfarande anv\u00e4nder) token.<\/li>\n
  3. Se om token \u00e4r ansluten till datorn.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \nDet best\u00e4mdes att l\u00f6sa dessa uppgifter med hj\u00e4lp av tj\u00e4nsterna crontab och apache. Diskretheten i att skriva om status f\u00f6r \u00f6vervakning av punkterna 2 och 3 indikerar att filsystemet kan placeras p\u00e5 ramdrive. En rad lades till \/etc\/fstab <\/p>\n
    tmpfs \/ram_drive tmpfs defaults,nodev,size=64K 0 0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \nI roten skapades en mapp som heter script med skripten: avmontering-montering av token usb_restart.sh <\/p>\n
    usbip unbind -b 1-2\nsleep 2\nusbip bind -b 1-2\nsleep 2\nusbip attach --remote=localhost --busid=1-2\nsleep 2\nusbip detach --port=00<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \nerh\u00e5lla lista \u00f6ver aktiva enheter usblist_id.sh<\/p>\n
    usbip list -r 127.0.0.1 | grep ':' | awk -F \":\" '{print $1}' | sed s\/' '\/\/g | grep -v \"^$\" > \/ram_drive\/usb_id.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \nerh\u00e5lla lista \u00f6ver aktiva IP (med efterf\u00f6ljande anpassning f\u00f6r att visa anv\u00e4ndaridentifierare) usbip_client_ip.sh<\/p>\n
    netstat -an | grep :3240 | grep ESTABLISHED | awk '{print $5}' | cut -f1 -d\":\" > \/ram_drive\/usb_ip_cli.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \nsj\u00e4lva crontab ser ut s\u00e5 h\u00e4r:<\/p>\n
    * \/5 * * * * \/!script\/usb_restart.sh > \/dev\/null 2>&1\n* * * * * ( sleep 30 ; \/!script\/usblist_id.sh > \/dev\/null)\n* * * * * (sleep 10 ; \/!script\/usbip_client_ip.sh > \/dev\/null)<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \nS\u00e5 vi har: var femte minut kan en ny anv\u00e4ndare ansluta, oavsett vem som arbetade med token. Till http-servern \u00e4r mappen \/ramdrive ansluten via en symbolisk l\u00e4nk, d\u00e4r tv\u00e5 textfiler sparas och visar serverns tillst\u00e5nd usbip.<\/p>\n
    N\u00e4sta del: \"Oattraktivt i f\u00f6rpackningen\"<\/h1>\n
    \nII alternativ.<\/b> Att ge anv\u00e4ndaren en n\u00e5got mindre skr\u00e4mmande gr\u00e4nssnitt. Med tanke p\u00e5 att anv\u00e4ndare har olika versioner av Windows med olika ramverk och r\u00e4ttigheter, finns det inget mer problemfritt tillv\u00e4gag\u00e5ngss\u00e4tt \u00e4n Lazarus<\/a><\/noindex> jag har inte hittat (\u00e4ven om jag f\u00f6redrar C#, men inte i det h\u00e4r fallet). Att k\u00f6ra bat-filer fr\u00e5n gr\u00e4nssnittet kan g\u00f6ras i bakgrunden, minimerade, men utan korrekt testning, personligen anser jag att man b\u00f6r visualisera f\u00f6r att samla anv\u00e4ndarnas missn\u00f6je.<\/p>\n
    \"Gemensam
    \n
    \nF\u00f6ljande uppgifter l\u00f6stes med gr\u00e4nssnittet och mjukvarudelen:<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. Visa om token \u00e4r upptagen f\u00f6r tillf\u00e4llet.<\/li>\n
    2. Vid f\u00f6rsta starten sker en initial konfiguration med generering av \"korrekta\" bat-filer som implementerar start och avbrott av arbetssessionen med token-servern. Vid efterf\u00f6ljande starter implementeras ett \"service\"-l\u00e4ge med l\u00f6senord.<\/li>\n
    3. Kontroll av kontakten med servern, vars resultat anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att fr\u00e5ga om upptagenhet eller visa meddelanden om problem. Vid \u00e5terupptagande av kontakten b\u00f6rjar programmet automatiskt arbeta i normalt l\u00e4ge.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \nArbetet med webservern har implementerats med hj\u00e4lp av den ytterligare komponenten fphttpclient.<\/p>\n
      \r\n        \"Spela\r\n        
      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center>
      \n      h\u00e4r kommer en l\u00e4nk till den aktuella versionen av klienten<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
      det finns ocks\u00e5 vidare tankar kring \u00e4mnet i artikeln, liksom en del av det ursprungliga ber\u00f6mmet f\u00f6r produkten VirtualHere med dess egenskaper...
      \n
      K\u00e4lla:       habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      \u0412 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433 ( \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438\u00bb \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0430), \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c 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