{"id":55018,"date":"2020-01-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-09T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:05","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:05","slug":"linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/news\/linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux","title":{"rendered":"Linus Torvalds f\u00f6rklarade vad problemen med implementeringen av ZFS f\u00f6r Linux-k\u00e4rnan \u00e4r.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Under diskussionen <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52140\">tester<\/a><\/noindex> av en deltagare i diskussionen n\u00e4mndes att trots uttalanden om behovet av att bevara kompatibilitet vid utvecklingen av Linux-k\u00e4rnan, s\u00e5 har nyligen \u00e4ndringar i k\u00e4rnan st\u00f6rt funktionen av modulen &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/zfsonlinux.org\/\">ZFS p\u00e5 Linux<\/a><\/noindex>&#171; Linus Torvalds <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.realworldtech.com\/forum\/?threadid=189711&#038;curpostid=189841\">, varf\u00f6r standardv\u00e4rdet \u00e4r just s\u00e5 h\u00e4r:<\/a><\/noindex>, att principen &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=34738\">inte bryta<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=41528\">anv\u00e4ndare<\/a><\/noindex>&#187; handlar om att bevara de externa gr\u00e4nssnitten i k\u00e4rnan som anv\u00e4nds av applikationer i anv\u00e4ndarutrymmet, samt sj\u00e4lva k\u00e4rnan. Men det omfattar inte separat utvecklade externa lager ovanp\u00e5 k\u00e4rnan som inte har antagits i huvudkompositionen av k\u00e4rnan, vars f\u00f6rfattare p\u00e5 egen risk m\u00e5ste h\u00e5lla koll p\u00e5 f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar i k\u00e4rnan.<\/p>\n<p>Vad g\u00e4ller projektet &#171;ZFS on Linux&#187; s\u00e5 rekommenderade Linus inte att anv\u00e4nda zfs-modulen p\u00e5 grund av of\u00f6renligheten mellan CDDL- och GPLv2-licenser. Situationen \u00e4r s\u00e5dan att p\u00e5 grund av licenspolicyn hos Oracle \u00e4r chansen f\u00f6r att ZFS n\u00e5gonsin kan ing\u00e5 i huvudkompositionen av k\u00e4rnan mycket liten. De f\u00f6reslagna l\u00f6sningarna f\u00f6r att kringg\u00e5 licenskompatibiliteten, som \u00f6vers\u00e4tter \u00e5tkomst till k\u00e4rnfunktioner f\u00f6r extern kod, \u00e4r en tveksam l\u00f6sning \u2014 jurister forts\u00e4tter <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50445\">att diskutera<\/a><\/noindex> om reexportering av GPL-funktioner fr\u00e5n k\u00e4rnan via wrappers leder till skapandet av ett derivatverk som m\u00e5ste distribueras under GPL-licensen.<\/p>\n<p>Det enda alternativet d\u00e4r Linus skulle g\u00e5 med p\u00e5 att ta in ZFS-koden i huvudk\u00e4rnan, kallas att f\u00e5 ett officiellt vederlag from Oracle, som bekr\u00e4ftas av huvudjuristen, eller helst av Larry Ellison sj\u00e4lv. Bruksl\u00f6sningar som mellanlager mellan k\u00e4rnan och ZFS-koden \u00e4r oacceptabla, med tanke p\u00e5 Oracles aggressiva politik kring immateriell egendom p\u00e5 programgr\u00e4nssnitt (som exempel, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51872\">tvisten<\/a><\/noindex> med Google ang\u00e5ende Java API). Dessutom anser Linus att str\u00e4van att anv\u00e4nda ZFS bara \u00e4r en trend, snarare \u00e4n tekniska f\u00f6rdelar. Prestandatester som Linus har studerat st\u00f6der inte ZFS, och avsaknaden av fullst\u00e4ndig support garanterar inte stabilitet p\u00e5 l\u00e5ng sikt.<\/p>\n<p>Vi p\u00e5minner om att ZFS-koden distribueras under den fria licensen CDDL, som inte \u00e4r f\u00f6renlig med GPLv2. Detta g\u00f6r det om\u00f6jligt att integrera ZFS on Linux i den huvudsakliga grenen av Linux-k\u00e4rnan, eftersom blandning av kod under GPLv2- och CDDL-licenser \u00e4r otill\u00e5ten. F\u00f6r att kringg\u00e5 denna licenskonflikt har projektet \"ZFS on Linux\" beslutat att distribuera produkten helt under CDDL-licensen som en separat modul som levereras \u00e5tskilt fr\u00e5n k\u00e4rnan. <\/p>\n<p>M\u00f6jligheten att distribuera den f\u00e4rdiga ZFS-modulen som en del av distributioner v\u00e4cker debatt bland jurister. Jurister fr\u00e5n organisationen Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=43944\">menar<\/a><\/noindex>, menar att leverans av en bin\u00e4r k\u00e4rnmodul i distributionen utg\u00f6r en kombinerad produkt med GPL som kr\u00e4ver att den slutgiltiga produkten distribueras under GPL. Jurister fr\u00e5n f\u00f6retaget Canonical <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=43904\">inte \u00f6verens<\/a><\/noindex> h\u00e4vder att leverans av ZFS-modulen \u00e4r till\u00e5ten om komponenten levereras som en frist\u00e5ende modul, \u00e5tskilt fr\u00e5n paketet med k\u00e4rnan. Canonical p\u00e5pekar att distributioner l\u00e4nge har anv\u00e4nt en liknande metod f\u00f6r att leverera propriet\u00e4ra drivrutiner, som NVIDIA-drivrutiner. <\/p>\n<p>Den andra sidan svarar med att problemet med kompatibilitet med k\u00e4rnan i propriet\u00e4ra drivrutiner l\u00f6ses genom att tillhandah\u00e5lla ett litet lager som distribueras under GPL-licensen (en modul under GPL laddas in i k\u00e4rnan som sedan laddar de propriet\u00e4ra komponenterna). F\u00f6r ZFS kan ett s\u00e5dant lager endast f\u00f6rberedas om f\u00f6retaget Oracle tillhandah\u00e5ller licensundantag. I Oracle Linux l\u00f6ses inkompatibiliteten med GPL genom att Oracle erbjuder ett licensundantag som avskaffar kravet p\u00e5 licensiering av den kombinerade produkten under CDDL, men detta undantag g\u00e4ller inte f\u00f6r andra distributioner. <\/p>\n<p>En alternativ metod \u00e4r att i distributionen endast inkludera k\u00e4llkoden f\u00f6r modulen, vilket inte leder till sammanfogning och betraktas som distribution av tv\u00e5 separata produkter. I Debian anv\u00e4nds systemet DKMS (Dynamic Kernel Module Support) f\u00f6r detta, d\u00e4r modulen tillhandah\u00e5lls som k\u00e4llkod och byggs p\u00e5 anv\u00e4ndarens system direkt efter installation av paketet.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>K\u00e4lla: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52164\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447, \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0451\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux, \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f &#171;ZFS on Linux&#171;. \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f &#171;\u043d\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439&#187; \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, 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