{"id":77298,"date":"2020-04-10T01:42:31","date_gmt":"2020-04-09T23:42:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustanovit-i-ispolzovat-aide-advanced-intrusion-detection-environment-v-centos-8"},"modified":"2020-04-10T01:42:31","modified_gmt":"2020-04-09T23:42:31","slug":"kak-ustanovit-i-ispolzovat-aide-advanced-intrusion-detection-environment-v-centos-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ustanovit-i-ispolzovat-aide-advanced-intrusion-detection-environment-v-centos-8","title":{"rendered":"Hur man installerar och anv\u00e4nder AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) i CentOS 8","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><b>Inf\u00f6r kursstarten <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/BztB\/\">\u00abLinuxadministrat\u00f6r\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex> har vi f\u00f6rberett en \u00f6vers\u00e4ttning av intressant material.<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hur man installerar och anv\u00e4nder AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) i CentOS 8\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/e0f652f377fb48798444f1db1de5a376.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAIDE st\u00e5r f\u00f6r \"Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment\" (avancerad system f\u00f6r intr\u00e5ngsdetektering) \u2014 detta \u00e4r ett av de mest popul\u00e4ra systemen f\u00f6r att \u00f6vervaka f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar i operativsystem baserade p\u00e5 Linux. AIDE anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att skydda mot skadlig programvara, virus och uppt\u00e4ckta obeh\u00f6riga aktiviteter. F\u00f6r att kontrollera filers integritet och uppt\u00e4ckta intr\u00e5ng skapar AIDE en databas med information om filer och j\u00e4mf\u00f6r systemets aktuella tillst\u00e5nd med denna databas. AIDE hj\u00e4lper till att f\u00f6rkorta tiden f\u00f6r incidentutredningar genom att fokusera p\u00e5 filer som har \u00e4ndrats.<\/p>\n<p>AIDE:s m\u00f6jligheter:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>St\u00f6d f\u00f6r olika filattribut, inklusive: filtyp, inode, uid, gid, beh\u00f6righeter, antal l\u00e4nkar, mtime, ctime och atime.<\/li>\n<li>St\u00f6d f\u00f6r Gzip-kompression, SELinux, XAttrs, Posix ACL och filsystemattribut.<\/li>\n<li>St\u00f6d f\u00f6r olika algoritmer, inklusive md5, sha1, sha256, sha512, rmd160, crc32 osv.<\/li>\n<li>Skicka e-postaviseringar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nI denna artikel kommer vi att titta p\u00e5 hur man installerar och anv\u00e4nder AIDE f\u00f6r att uppt\u00e4cka intr\u00e5ng i CentOS 8.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>F\u00f6rkrav<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>En server som k\u00f6r CentOS 8, med minst 2 GB RAM.<\/li>\n<li>root-\u00e5tkomst<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Vi b\u00f6rjar<\/h3>\n<p>\nDet rekommenderas f\u00f6rst att uppdatera systemet. F\u00f6r detta k\u00f6r du f\u00f6ljande kommando.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dnf update -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nEfter uppdateringen, starta om systemet s\u00e5 att \u00e4ndringarna tr\u00e4der i kraft.<\/p>\n<h3>Installera AIDE<\/h3>\n<p>\nAIDE finns i standardf\u00f6rr\u00e5det f\u00f6r CentOS 8. Du kan enkelt installera det genom att k\u00f6ra f\u00f6ljande kommando:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dnf install aide -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nEfter att installationen \u00e4r klar kan du kontrollera versionen av AIDE med f\u00f6ljande kommando:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --version<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDu b\u00f6r se f\u00f6ljande:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Aide 0.16\n\nKompilerad med f\u00f6ljande alternativ:\n\nWITH_MMAP\nWITH_PCRE\nWITH_POSIX_ACL\nWITH_SELINUX\nWITH_XATTR\nWITH_E2FSATTRS\nWITH_LSTAT64\nWITH_READDIR64\nWITH_ZLIB\nWITH_CURL\nWITH_GCRYPT\nWITH_AUDIT\nCONFIG_FILE = \"\/etc\/aide.conf\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTillg\u00e4ngliga alternativ <code>aide<\/code> kan visas p\u00e5 f\u00f6ljande s\u00e4tt:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --help<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hur man installerar och anv\u00e4nder AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) i CentOS 8\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/b85d16149448ab22bb6b09ee66bf5bc8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Skapa och initiera databasen<\/h3>\n<p>\nDet f\u00f6rsta du beh\u00f6ver g\u00f6ra efter att ha installerat AIDE \u00e4r att initiera det. Initiering inneb\u00e4r att skapa en databas (snapshot) av alla filer och kataloger p\u00e5 servern.<\/p>\n<p>F\u00f6r att initiera databasen k\u00f6r du f\u00f6ljande kommando:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --init<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDu b\u00f6r se f\u00f6ljande:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Starttidpunkt: 2020-01-16 03:03:19 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE har initierat databasen vid \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz\n\nAntal poster:\t49472\n\n---------------------------------------------------\nAttributen f\u00f6r den (okomprimerade) databasen:\n---------------------------------------------------\n\n\/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz\n  MD5      : 4N79P7hPE2uxJJ1o7na9sA==\n  SHA1     : Ic2XBj50MKiPd1UGrtcUk4LGs0M=\n  RMD160   : rHMMy5WwHVb9TGUc+TBHFHsPCrk=\n  TIGER    : vkb2bvB1r7DbT3n6d1qYVfDzrNCzTkI0\n  SHA256   : tW3KmjcDef2gNXYqnOPT1l0gDFd0tBh9\n             xWXT2iaEHgQ=\n  SHA512   : VPMRQnz72+JRgNQhL16dxQC9c+GiYB8g\n             uZp6uZNqTvTdxw+w\/IYDSanTtt\/fEkiI\n             nDw6lgDNI\/ls2esijukliQ==\n\n\nSluttidpunkt: 2020-01-16 03:03:44 -0500 (k\u00f6rtid: 0m 25s)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nOvanst\u00e5ende kommando skapar en ny databas <code>aide.db.new.gz<\/code> i katalogen <code>\/var\/lib\/aide<\/code>Du kan se den med f\u00f6ljande kommando:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ls -l \/var\/lib\/aide<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nResultatet:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">total 2800\n-rw------- 1 root root 2863809 Jan 16 03:03 aide.db.new.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAIDE kommer inte att anv\u00e4nda denna nya databasfil f\u00f6rr\u00e4n den har d\u00f6pts om till <code>aide.db.gz<\/code>. Det kan g\u00f6ras s\u00e5 h\u00e4r:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mv \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDet rekommenderas att uppdatera denna databas med j\u00e4mna mellanrum f\u00f6r att s\u00e4kerst\u00e4lla n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndig \u00f6vervakning av \u00e4ndringar. <\/p>\n<p>Databasens plats kan \u00e4ndras genom att \u00e4ndra parametern <code>DBDIR<\/code> i filen <code>\/etc\/aide.conf<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h3>Starta kontrollen<\/h3>\n<p>\nNu \u00e4r AIDE redo att anv\u00e4nda den nya databasen. K\u00f6r den f\u00f6rsta AIDE-kontrollen utan att g\u00f6ra n\u00e5gra \u00e4ndringar:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAtt k\u00f6ra detta kommando kan ta lite tid beroende p\u00e5 storleken p\u00e5 ditt filsystem och hur mycket RAM som finns p\u00e5 din server. N\u00e4r kontrollen \u00e4r klar b\u00f6r du se f\u00f6ljande:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Starttidpunkt: 2020-01-16 03:05:07 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE hittade INGA skillnader mellan databas och filsystem. Ser bra ut!!<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDen angivna utdata s\u00e4ger att alla filer och kataloger \u00f6verensst\u00e4mmer med AIDE-databasen.<\/p>\n<h3>Testar AIDE<\/h3>\n<p>\nSom standard \u00f6vervakar AIDE inte den standardroot-katalogen f\u00f6r Apache <code>\/var\/www\/html.<\/code> L\u00e5t oss konfigurera AIDE f\u00f6r att \u00f6vervaka den. F\u00f6r detta beh\u00f6ver vi \u00e4ndra filen <code>\/etc\/aide.conf<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nano \/etc\/aide.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nL\u00e4gg till ovanf\u00f6r raden <code>\"\/root\/CONTENT_EX\"<\/code> f\u00f6ljande:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/var\/www\/html\/ CONTENT_EX<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nSkapa sedan en fil <code>aide.txt<\/code> i katalogen <code>\/var\/www\/html\/<\/code>, med f\u00f6ljande kommando:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">echo \"Test AIDE\" &gt; \/var\/www\/html\/aide.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nK\u00f6r nu en AIDE-kontroll och se till att den skapade filen uppt\u00e4cks.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDu b\u00f6r se f\u00f6ljande:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Starttidpunkt: 2020-01-16 03:09:40 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE hittade skillnader mellan databas och filsystem!!\n\nSammanfattning:\n  Totalt antal poster:\t49475\n  Tillagda poster:\t\t1\n  Borttagna poster:\t\t0\n  \u00c4ndrade poster:\t\t0\n\n---------------------------------------------------\nTillagda poster:\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nf++++++++++++++++: \/var\/www\/html\/aide.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nVi ser att den skapade filen har uppt\u00e4ckts <code>aide.txt<\/code>.<br \/>\nEfter att ha analyserat de uppt\u00e4ckta \u00e4ndringarna, uppdatera AIDE-databasen.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --update<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nEfter uppdatering ser du f\u00f6ljande:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Starttidst\u00e4mpel: 2020-01-16 03:10:41 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE har funnit skillnader mellan databasen och filsystemet!!\nNy AIDE-databas har skrivits till \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz\n\nSammanfattning:\n  Totalt antal poster:\t49475\n  Tillagda poster:\t\t1\n  Borttagna poster:\t\t0\n  \u00c4ndrade poster:\t\t0\n\n---------------------------------------------------\nTillagda poster:\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nf++++++++++++++++: \/var\/www\/html\/aide.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nOvanst\u00e5ende kommando skapar en ny databas <code>aide.db.new.gz<\/code> i katalogen <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/var\/lib\/aide\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDu kan se den med f\u00f6ljande kommando:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">ls -l \/var\/lib\/aide\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nResultatet:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">total 5600\n-rw------- 1 root root 2864012 Jan 16 03:09 aide.db.gz\n-rw------- 1 root root 2864100 Jan 16 03:11 aide.db.new.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nD\u00f6p om den nya databasen igen s\u00e5 att AIDE anv\u00e4nder den nya databasen f\u00f6r att sp\u00e5ra ytterligare f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar. Du kan d\u00f6pa om den p\u00e5 f\u00f6ljande s\u00e4tt:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mv \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.new.gz \/var\/lib\/aide\/aide.db.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nK\u00f6r kontrollen en g\u00e5ng till f\u00f6r att s\u00e4kerst\u00e4lla att AIDE anv\u00e4nder den nya databasen:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDu b\u00f6r se f\u00f6ljande:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">Starttidst\u00e4mpel: 2020-01-16 03:12:29 -0500 (AIDE 0.16)\nAIDE har INGA skillnader mellan databasen och filsystemet. Ser bra ut!!<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Automatisera kontrollen<\/h3>\n<p>\nDet \u00e4r en bra id\u00e9 att k\u00f6ra AIDE-kontrollen varje dag och skicka rapporten via e-post. Denna process kan automatiseras med hj\u00e4lp av cron.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">nano \/etc\/crontab<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nF\u00f6r att k\u00f6ra AIDE-kontrollen varje dag klockan 10:15, l\u00e4gg till f\u00f6ljande rad i slutet av filen:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">15 10 * * * root \/usr\/sbin\/aide --check<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNu kommer AIDE att meddela dig via e-post. Du kan kontrollera din e-post med f\u00f6ljande kommando:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">tail -f \/var\/mail\/root<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAIDE-loggen kan ses med f\u00f6ljande kommando:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">tail -f \/var\/log\/aide\/aide.log<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Slutsats<\/h3>\n<p>\nI denna artikel har du l\u00e4rt dig hur man anv\u00e4nder AIDE f\u00f6r att uppt\u00e4cka fil\u00e4ndringar och identifiera obeh\u00f6rig \u00e5tkomst till servern. F\u00f6r ytterligare inst\u00e4llningar kan du \u00e4ndra konfigurationsfilen \/etc\/aide.conf. F\u00f6r s\u00e4kerhet rekommenderas det att lagra databasen och konfigurationsfilen p\u00e5 en enhet som endast \u00e4r skrivskyddad. Mer information finns i dokumentationen. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/documentation\/en-us\/red_hat_enterprise_linux\/7\/html\/security_guide\/sec-using-aide\">AIDE Doc<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>\n<b><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/BztB\/\">L\u00e4s mer om kursen.<br \/>\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/b><\/p>\n<p>K\u00e4lla: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/otus\/blog\/496312\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00ab\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 Linux\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430. AIDE \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u201cAdvanced Intrusion Detection Environment\u201d (\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439) \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 Linux. AIDE \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c, \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 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