{"id":87364,"date":"2020-07-07T13:42:29","date_gmt":"2020-07-07T11:42:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nastraivaem-drbd-dlya-replikaczii-hranilishha-na-dva-centos-7-servera"},"modified":"2020-07-07T13:42:29","modified_gmt":"2020-07-07T11:42:29","slug":"nastraivaem-drbd-dlya-replikaczii-hranilishha-na-dva-centos-7-servera","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nastraivaem-drbd-dlya-replikaczii-hranilishha-na-dva-centos-7-servera","title":{"rendered":"Konfigurera DRBD f\u00f6r lagringsreplikering p\u00e5 tv\u00e5 CentOS 7-servrar","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><i>\u00d6vers\u00e4ttningen av artikeln \u00e4r framtagen inf\u00f6r kursstarten <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/17x7\/\">\u00abLinux-administrat\u00f6r. Virtualisering och klustring\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p>\nDRBD (Distributed Replicated Block Device \u2014 distribuerad replikerad blockenhet) \u00e4r en distribuerad, flexibel och universellt replikerande lagringsl\u00f6sning f\u00f6r Linux. Den speglar inneh\u00e5llet i blockenheter, s\u00e5som h\u00e5rddiskar, partitioner, logiska volymer etc., mellan servrar. Den skapar kopior av data p\u00e5 tv\u00e5 lagringsenheter s\u00e5 att vid ett fel p\u00e5 en av dem kan data anv\u00e4ndas fr\u00e5n den andra.<\/p>\n<p>Man kan s\u00e4ga att det \u00e4r n\u00e5got som <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/create-raid1-in-linux\/\">ett n\u00e4tverks RAID-konfiguration<\/a><\/noindex> 1 med diskar som speglas p\u00e5 olika servrar. Men det fungerar inte alls som RAID (\u00e4ven inte n\u00e4tverks RAID).<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Ursprungligen anv\u00e4ndes DRBD fr\u00e4mst i h\u00f6gverksamma datorkluster (HA \u2014 high availability), men sedan version nio kan det anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r att implementera l\u00f6sningar f\u00f6r molnlagring.<\/p>\n<p>I denna artikel kommer vi att ber\u00e4tta hur man installerar DRBD p\u00e5 CentOS och kort visa hur man anv\u00e4nder det f\u00f6r att replikera lagring (partition) p\u00e5 tv\u00e5 servrar. Detta \u00e4r den perfekta artikeln f\u00f6r att komma ig\u00e5ng med DRBD i Linux.<\/p>\n<h3>Testmilj\u00f6<\/h3>\n<p>\nVi kommer att anv\u00e4nda ett kluster med tv\u00e5 noder f\u00f6r denna installation.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nod 1: 192.168.56.101 \u2013 tecmint.tecmint.lan<\/li>\n<li>Nod 2: 192.168.56.102 \u2013 server1.tecmint.lan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Steg 1: Installation av DRBD-paket<\/h4>\n<p>\nDRBD implementeras som en k\u00e4rnmodul i Linux. Den fungerar som en drivrutin f\u00f6r en virtuell blockenhet, s\u00e5 den ligger l\u00e4ngst ner i systemets in- och utdata-stapel.<\/p>\n<p>DRBD kan installeras fr\u00e5n ELRepo eller EPEL. L\u00e5t oss b\u00f6rja med att importera signaturnyckeln f\u00f6r ELRepo-paketet och aktivera repositoryt p\u00e5 b\u00e5da noderna, som visas nedan.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># rpm --import https:\/\/www.elrepo.org\/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org\n# rpm -Uvh http:\/\/www.elrepo.org\/elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>D\u00e4refter beh\u00f6ver du installera DRBD-k\u00e4rnmodulen och verktygen p\u00e5 b\u00e5da noderna med hj\u00e4lp av:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># yum install -y kmod-drbd84 drbd84-utils<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nOm du har SELinux aktiverat beh\u00f6ver du justera policyerna s\u00e5 att frig\u00f6ra DRBD-processerna fr\u00e5n SELinux-kontrollen.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># semanage permissive -a drbd_t\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDessutom, om din system har en brandv\u00e4gg (firewalld) som k\u00f6rs, m\u00e5ste du l\u00e4gga till DRBD-port 7789 f\u00f6r att till\u00e5ta datasyntonisering mellan de tv\u00e5 noderna.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00f6r dessa kommandon f\u00f6r den f\u00f6rsta noden:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule='rule family=&quot;ipv4&quot;  source address=&quot;192.168.56.102&quot; port port=&quot;7789&quot; protocol=&quot;tcp&quot; accept'\n# firewall-cmd --reload<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nK\u00f6r dessa kommandon f\u00f6r den andra noden:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule='rule family=&quot;ipv4&quot; source address=&quot;192.168.56.101&quot; port port=&quot;7789&quot; protocol=&quot;tcp&quot; accept'\n# firewall-cmd --reload<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Steg 2. F\u00f6rbered l\u00e5g niv\u00e5 lagring<\/h4>\n<p>\nNu n\u00e4r vi har installerat DRBD p\u00e5 b\u00e5da noderna i klustret, m\u00e5ste vi f\u00f6rbereda lagringsomr\u00e5den p\u00e5 dem av ungef\u00e4r samma storlek. Detta kan vara en partition p\u00e5 en h\u00e5rddisk (eller en helt fysisk h\u00e5rddisk), en mjukvaru RAID-enhet, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/create-lvm-storage-in-linux\/\">logisk volym LVM<\/a><\/noindex> eller n\u00e5gon annan typ av blockenhet som finns i ditt system.<\/p>\n<p>F\u00f6r den h\u00e4r artikeln kommer vi att skapa en testblockenhet p\u00e5 2 GB med hj\u00e4lp av kommandot dd.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># dd if=\/dev\/zero of=\/dev\/sdb1 bs=2024k count=1024<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAnta att detta \u00e4r en oanv\u00e4nd partition (\/dev\/sdb1) p\u00e5 den andra blockenheten (\/dev\/sdb), som \u00e4r ansluten till b\u00e5da noder.<\/p>\n<h4>Steg 3. Konfigurera DRBD<\/h4>\n<p>\nHuvudkonfigurationsfilen f\u00f6r DRBD - <code>\/etc\/drbd.conf<\/code>, medan ytterligare konfigurationsfiler kan hittas i katalogen <code>\/etc\/drbd.d<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>F\u00f6r att replikera lagring m\u00e5ste vi l\u00e4gga till n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndiga konfigurationer i filen <code>\/etc\/drbd.d\/global_common.conf<\/code>, som inneh\u00e5ller globala och gemensamma avsnitt f\u00f6r DRBD-konfigurationen, medan vi m\u00e5ste definiera resurser i <code>.res<\/code> filer.<\/p>\n<p>Vi g\u00f6r en s\u00e4kerhetskopia av den ursprungliga filen p\u00e5 b\u00e5da noderna och \u00f6ppnar sedan en ny fil f\u00f6r redigering (anv\u00e4nd en textredigerare av ditt val).<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># mv \/etc\/drbd.d\/global_common.conf \/etc\/drbd.d\/global_common.conf.orig\n# vim \/etc\/drbd.d\/global_common.conf <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nL\u00e4gg till f\u00f6ljande rader i b\u00e5da filerna:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">global {\n anv\u00e4ndningsr\u00e4kning ja;\n}\ngemensam {\n n\u00e4tverk {\n  protokoll C;\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nSpara filen och st\u00e4ng sedan redigeraren.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e5t oss stanna kvar vid raden protokoll C. DRBD st\u00f6der tre olika replikationsl\u00e4gen (dvs. tre grader av replikationssynkronisering), n\u00e4mligen:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>protokoll A: protokoll f\u00f6r asynkron replikation; anv\u00e4nds oftast i replikationsscenarier \u00f6ver l\u00e5nga avst\u00e5nd.<\/li>\n<li>protokoll B: protokoll f\u00f6r halv-synkron replikation eller protokoll f\u00f6r synkron minne.<\/li>\n<li>protokoll C: anv\u00e4nds vanligtvis f\u00f6r noder i n\u00e4tverk med korta avst\u00e5nd; det \u00e4r utan tvekan det mest anv\u00e4nda replikationsprotokollet i DRBD-konfigurationer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Det \u00e4r viktigt<\/b>: <i>valet av replikationsprotokoll p\u00e5verkar tv\u00e5 distributionsfaktorer: skydd och latens. Bandbredden, \u00e5 sin sida, p\u00e5verkas inte i stor utstr\u00e4ckning av det valda replikationsprotokollet.<\/i><\/p>\n<h4>Steg 4. L\u00e4gga till resurs<\/h4>\n<p>\nEn resurs (Resource) \u00e4r en samlande term som h\u00e4nvisar till alla aspekter av en specifik replikabel upps\u00e4ttning data. Vi kommer att definiera v\u00e5r resurs i filen <code>\/etc\/drbd.d\/test.res<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e4gg till f\u00f6ljande i filen p\u00e5 b\u00e5da noderna (gl\u00f6m inte att ers\u00e4tta variablerna med faktiska v\u00e4rden f\u00f6r din milj\u00f6).<\/p>\n<p>Observera v\u00e4rdnamnen, vi beh\u00f6ver ange det n\u00e4tverksnamn som kan f\u00e5s med kommandot uname <code>-n<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">resurs test {\n        p\u00e5 tecmint.tecmint.lan {\n \t\tenhet \/dev\/drbd0;\n       \t\tdisk \/dev\/sdb1;\n        \t\tmeta-disk intern;\t\n                \tadress 192.168.56.101:7789;\n        }\n        p\u00e5 server1.tecmint.lan  {\n\t\tenhet \/dev\/drbd0;\n        \t\tdisk \/dev\/sdb1;\n        \t\tmeta-disk intern;\n                \tadress 192.168.56.102:7789;\n        }\n}\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nd\u00e4r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>p\u00e5 v\u00e4rdnamn<\/i>: avsnitt som den inb\u00e4ddade konfigurationsoperatorn h\u00f6r till.<\/li>\n<li><i>test<\/i>: namnet p\u00e5 den nya resursen.<\/li>\n<li><i>device \/dev\/drbd0<\/i>: anger en ny virtuell blockenhet som hanteras av DRBD.<\/li>\n<li><i>disk \/dev\/sdb1<\/i>: detta \u00e4r blockenhetens partition som \u00e4r en reserv f\u00f6r DRBD-enheten.<\/li>\n<li><i>meta-disk<\/i>: definierar var DRBD lagrar sin metadata. Internal betyder att DRBD lagrar sin metadata p\u00e5 samma fysiska l\u00e5g-niv\u00e5 enhet som sj\u00e4lva produktionen.<\/li>\n<li><i>address<\/i>: angiver IP-adressen och portnumret f\u00f6r den aktuella noden.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nObservera ocks\u00e5 att om parametrarna har samma v\u00e4rden p\u00e5 b\u00e5da v\u00e4rdarna kan du ange dem direkt i resurssektionen.<\/p>\n<p>Till exempel kan ovanst\u00e5ende konfiguration omstruktureras till:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">resource test {\n\tdevice \/dev\/drbd0;\n\tdisk \/dev\/sdb1;\n        \tmeta-disk internal;\t\n        \ton tecmint.tecmint.lan {\n \t\taddress 192.168.56.101:7789;\n        \t}\n        \ton server1.tecmint.lan  {\n\t\taddress 192.168.56.102:7789;\n        \t\t}\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Steg 5. Initiering och start av resursen<\/h4>\n<p>\nF\u00f6r att interagera med DRBD kommer vi att anv\u00e4nda f\u00f6ljande administrationsverktyg (som interagerar med k\u00e4rnmodulen f\u00f6r att konfigurera och administrera DRBD-resurser):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>drbdadm<\/i>: h\u00f6g niv\u00e5 administrationsverktyg f\u00f6r DRBD.<\/li>\n<li><i>drbdsetup<\/i>: l\u00e4gre niv\u00e5 administrationsverktyg f\u00f6r att koppla DRBD-enheter till sina backup-enheter, konfigurera par av DRBD-enheter f\u00f6r att spegla sina backup-enheter och kontrollera konfigurationen av aktiva DRBD-enheter.<\/li>\n<li><i>Drbdmeta<\/i>: metadatahanteringsverktyg.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nEfter att ha lagt till alla initiala konfigurationer av resursen m\u00e5ste vi aktivera resursen p\u00e5 b\u00e5da noderna.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># drbdadm create-md test<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Konfigurera DRBD f\u00f6r lagringsreplikering p\u00e5 tv\u00e5 CentOS 7-servrar\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/cf084d17f60a125225f2b75668515d4f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Initiering av metadata-lagring<\/i><\/p>\n<p>D\u00e4refter m\u00e5ste vi starta den, vilket kopplar resursen till sin backup-enhet, st\u00e4ller in replikeringsinst\u00e4llningarna och kopplar resursen till sin peer:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># drbdadm up test<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nOm du nu k\u00f6r kommandot <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/commands-to-collect-system-and-hardware-information-in-linux\/\">lsblk<\/a><\/noindex>, kommer du att m\u00e4rka att enheten\/tomten DRBD drbd0 \u00e4r kopplad till backup-enheten <code>\/dev\/sdb1<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># lsblk<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Konfigurera DRBD f\u00f6r lagringsreplikering p\u00e5 tv\u00e5 CentOS 7-servrar\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/afb0be2e739c3ce71a556e78c8a55f07.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Lista \u00f6ver blockenheter<\/i><\/p>\n<p>F\u00f6r att koppla bort resursen, anv\u00e4nd:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># drbdadm down test<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nF\u00f6r att kontrollera resursens status, k\u00f6r f\u00f6ljande kommando (notera att vid detta stadium f\u00f6rv\u00e4ntas diskarnas tillst\u00e5nd <i>Inconsistent\/Inconsistent<\/i>):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># drbdadm status test\nOR\n# drbdsetup status test --verbose --statistics \t#for  a more detailed status<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Konfigurera DRBD f\u00f6r lagringsreplikering p\u00e5 tv\u00e5 CentOS 7-servrar\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/a45da69bfbc4199ef263359b623fdd05.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Kontrollerar resursens status p\u00e5<br \/>\nnoder<\/i><\/p>\n<h4>Steg 6: Installera prim\u00e4r resurs\/k\u00e4lla f\u00f6r enhetens initiala synkronisering<\/h4>\n<p>\nVid det h\u00e4r laget \u00e4r DRBD redan klart att anv\u00e4ndas. Nu m\u00e5ste vi ange vilken nod som ska anv\u00e4ndas som k\u00e4lla f\u00f6r den initiala synkroniseringen av enheterna.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00f6r f\u00f6ljande kommando endast p\u00e5 en nod f\u00f6r att p\u00e5b\u00f6rja den f\u00f6rsta fullst\u00e4ndiga synkroniseringen:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># drbdadm primary --force test\n# drbdadm status test<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Konfigurera DRBD f\u00f6r lagringsreplikering p\u00e5 tv\u00e5 CentOS 7-servrar\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6505d6350609e03da02f30eeafecd72c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>S\u00e4tta huvudnoden som den initiala enheten.<\/i><br \/>\nN\u00e4r synkroniseringen \u00e4r klar b\u00f6r statusen f\u00f6r b\u00e5da diskarna vara UpToDate.<\/p>\n<h4>Steg 7: Testning av DRBD-inst\u00e4llningen. <\/h4>\n<p>\nSlutligen beh\u00f6ver vi kontrollera om DRBD-enheten fungerar som avsett f\u00f6r lagring av replikerade data. Kom ih\u00e5g att vi anv\u00e4nde ett tomt diskvolym, s\u00e5 vi m\u00e5ste skapa ett filsystem p\u00e5 enheten och montera det f\u00f6r att kontrollera om vi kan anv\u00e4nda det f\u00f6r lagring av replikerade data.<\/p>\n<p>Vi beh\u00f6ver skapa ett filsystem p\u00e5 enheten med f\u00f6ljande kommando p\u00e5 noden som vi b\u00f6rjade den initiala fullst\u00e4ndiga synkroniseringen (d\u00e4r resursen har huvudrollen):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># mkfs -t ext4 \/dev\/drbd0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Konfigurera DRBD f\u00f6r lagringsreplikering p\u00e5 tv\u00e5 CentOS 7-servrar\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/32c9ac65a06993e58d9ce3b568fadca1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Skapar ett filsystem p\u00e5 Drbd-volymen.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Montera sedan detta som visas (du kan ge monteringspunkten ett l\u00e4mpligt namn):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># mkdir -p \/mnt\/DRDB_PRI\/\n# mount \/dev\/drbd0 \/mnt\/DRDB_PRI\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nKopiera eller skapa n\u00e5gra filer i den angivna monteringspunkten ovan och g\u00f6r en l\u00e5ng lista med hj\u00e4lp av <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tecmint.com\/tag\/linux-ls-command\/\">kommandot ls.<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># cd \/mnt\/DRDB_PRI\/\n# ls -l <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Konfigurera DRBD f\u00f6r lagringsreplikering p\u00e5 tv\u00e5 CentOS 7-servrar\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/a32321e2b5c587215dc06d2b3960a4bc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Visa inneh\u00e5llet i huvudvolymen Drbd.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>D\u00e4refter avmontera enheten (se till att monteringen inte \u00e4r \u00f6ppen, byt katalog efter avmontering f\u00f6r att undvika fel) och \u00e4ndra nodens roll fr\u00e5n prim\u00e4r till sekund\u00e4r:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># umount \/mnt\/DRDB_PRI\/\n# cd\n# drbdadm secondary test<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nG\u00f6r den andra noden (d\u00e4r resursen har sekund\u00e4r roll) till prim\u00e4r, koppla sedan enheten till den och utf\u00f6r en l\u00e5ng lista \u00f6ver monteringspunkter. Om inst\u00e4llningen fungerar som den ska, b\u00f6r alla filer som lagras p\u00e5 volymen finnas d\u00e4r:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># drbdadm primary test\n# mkdir -p \/mnt\/DRDB_SEC\/\n# mount \/dev\/drbd0 \/mnt\/DRDB_SEC\/\n# cd \/mnt\/DRDB_SEC\/\n# ls  -l <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Konfigurera DRBD f\u00f6r lagringsreplikering p\u00e5 tv\u00e5 CentOS 7-servrar\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/c54d7754a01987765a19b5bde95fc555.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Kontroll av DRBD-inst\u00e4llningen som k\u00f6rs p\u00e5 den sekund\u00e4ra noden.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>F\u00f6r mer information h\u00e4nvisa till administrationsverktygens referenssidor:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># man drbdadm\n# man drbdsetup\n# man drbdmeta<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nH\u00e4nvisning: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.linbit.com\/docs\/users-guide-8.4\/\">DRBD anv\u00e4ndarmanual.<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<h4>Sammanfattning<\/h4>\n<p>\nDRBD \u00e4r oerh\u00f6rt flexibelt och m\u00e5ngsidigt, vilket g\u00f6r det till en l\u00f6sning f\u00f6r lagringsreplikering, l\u00e4mplig f\u00f6r att l\u00e4gga till HA i praktiskt taget varje applikation. I denna artikel har vi visat hur man installerar DRBD p\u00e5 CentOS 7 och kort demonstrerat hur man anv\u00e4nder det f\u00f6r lagringsreplikering. Tveka inte att dela dina tankar med oss via feedbackformul\u00e4ret nedan.<\/p>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.pw\/17x7\/\">L\u00e4s mer om kursen.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>K\u00e4lla: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/otus\/blog\/509710\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00ab\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 Linux. \u0412\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u00bb. DRBD (Distributed Replicated Block Device \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f Linux. \u041e\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b, \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0442.\u0434. \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":87365,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00ab\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 Linux.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta 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