{"id":91731,"date":"2020-08-17T19:42:18","date_gmt":"2020-08-17T17:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nemnogo-o-smart-i-utilitah-dlya-monitoringa"},"modified":"2020-08-17T19:42:18","modified_gmt":"2020-08-17T17:42:18","slug":"nemnogo-o-smart-i-utilitah-dlya-monitoringa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nemnogo-o-smart-i-utilitah-dlya-monitoringa","title":{"rendered":"Lite om SMART och \u00f6vervakningsverktyg","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Det finns mycket information om SMART och attributv\u00e4rden p\u00e5 n\u00e4tet. Men jag har inte sett n\u00e5gra omn\u00e4mnanden av flera viktiga punkter som jag k\u00e4nner till fr\u00e5n personer som forskar kring lagringsmedium.<\/p>\n

N\u00e4r jag \u00e5terigen ber\u00e4ttade f\u00f6r en bekant om varf\u00f6r SMART-v\u00e4rdena inte b\u00f6r litas p\u00e5 utan f\u00f6rbeh\u00e5ll och varf\u00f6r det \u00e4r b\u00e4ttre att inte fortfarande anv\u00e4nda klassiska \"SMART-monitorer\" hela tiden, kom jag p\u00e5 id\u00e9n att spela in de sagda orden i form av en upps\u00e4ttning punkter med f\u00f6rklaringar. F\u00f6r att ge referenser ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r att \u00e5terber\u00e4tta varje g\u00e5ng. Och f\u00f6r att n\u00e5 ut till en bredare publik.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n1) Program f\u00f6r automatisk \u00f6vervakning av SMART-attribut b\u00f6r anv\u00e4ndas med stor f\u00f6rsiktighet.<\/b><\/p>\n

Det som du k\u00e4nner till som SMART-attribut lagras inte i f\u00e4rdig form, utan genereras n\u00e4r du beg\u00e4r dem. De ber\u00e4knas baserat p\u00e5 intern statistik som samlas och anv\u00e4nds av lagringsenhetens firmware under drift. <\/p>\n

En del av dessa data beh\u00f6vs inte av enheten f\u00f6r att utf\u00f6ra sin grundl\u00e4ggande funktion. Och de lagras inte, utan skapas varje g\u00e5ng de kr\u00e4vs. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r, n\u00e4r en beg\u00e4ran om SMART-attribut g\u00f6rs, startar firmware en m\u00e4ngd processer som beh\u00f6vs f\u00f6r att erh\u00e5lla de saknade uppgifterna. <\/p>\n

Men dessa processer \u00e4r d\u00e5ligt kompatibla med procedurerna som utf\u00f6rs under belastning av enhetens l\u00e4s- och skrivoperationer.<\/p>\n

I en idealisk v\u00e4rld borde detta inte leda till n\u00e5gra problem. Men i verkligheten skrivs firmware f\u00f6r h\u00e5rddiskar av vanliga m\u00e4nniskor. Som kan g\u00f6ra misstag och g\u00f6r det. S\u00e5 om du beg\u00e4r SMART-attribut under aktiva l\u00e4s- och skrivoperationer \u00f6kar risken dramatiskt f\u00f6r att n\u00e5got g\u00e5r fel. Till exempel kan data i den anv\u00e4ndardefinierade l\u00e4s- eller skrivbufferten bli korrupta.<\/p>\n

P\u00e5st\u00e5endet om \u00f6kad risk \u00e4r ingen teoretisk slutsats, utan en praktisk observation. Till exempel \u00e4r en k\u00e4nd bugg som intr\u00e4ffade i firmware f\u00f6r HDD Samsung 103UI, d\u00e4r anv\u00e4ndardata blev korrupta under beg\u00e4ran av SMART-attribut.<\/p>\n

D\u00e4rf\u00f6r b\u00f6r du inte st\u00e4lla in automatisk kontroll av SMART-attribut. Om du inte exakt vet att en kommandorad f\u00f6r att rensa cache (Flush Cache) utf\u00f6rs f\u00f6re detta. Eller, om det \u00e4r absolut n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndigt, st\u00e4ll in kontrollen s\u00e5 s\u00e4llan som m\u00f6jligt. I m\u00e5nga \u00f6vervakningsprogram \u00e4r den f\u00f6rinst\u00e4llda tiden mellan kontroller cirka 10 minuter. Det \u00e4r alldeles f\u00f6r ofta. S\u00e5dana kontroller \u00e4r fortfarande inte en panacea f\u00f6r ov\u00e4ntad fel p\u00e5 disken (panacea \u00e4r endast reservkopiering). En g\u00e5ng om dagen tycker jag \u00e4r helt tillr\u00e4ckligt.<\/p>\n

F\u00f6rfr\u00e5gan om temperatur f\u00f6r att starta ber\u00e4kningen av attribut genomf\u00f6rs ofta. Eftersom detta, vid korrekt implementering, g\u00f6rs via SCT-protokollet. Genom SCT ges endast det som redan \u00e4r k\u00e4nt. Dessa data uppdateras automatiskt i bakgrunden.<\/p>\n

2) SMART-attributdata \u00e4r ofta op\u00e5litliga.<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u00e5rddiskens firmware visar dig vad den tycker \u00e4r viktigt att visa, inte vad som faktiskt h\u00e4nder. Det mest tydliga exemplet \u00e4r den femte attributen, antalet omplacerade sektorer. Data\u00e5terst\u00e4llningsexperter vet mycket v\u00e4l att en h\u00e5rddisk kan visa noll omplacerade sektorer i den femte attributen, \u00e4ven om de faktiskt finns och forts\u00e4tter att uppst\u00e5. <\/p>\n

Jag st\u00e4llde en fr\u00e5ga till en specialist som studerar h\u00e5rddiskar och forskar om deras firmware. Jag undrade vilket princip som styr hur enhetens firmware beslutar om den just nu ska d\u00f6lja faktumet att sektorer omplaceras, eller om den f\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande kan ber\u00e4tta om det via SMART-attribut.<\/p>\n

Han svarade att det inte finns n\u00e5gon allm\u00e4n regel enligt vilken enheter visar eller d\u00f6ljer den verkliga bilden. Logiken hos programmerarna som skriver firmware f\u00f6r h\u00e5rddiskar verkar ibland mycket konstig. Genom att studera firmware av olika modeller har han sett att beslutet att \"d\u00f6lja eller visa\" ofta fattas baserat p\u00e5 en upps\u00e4ttning parametrar som \u00e4r helt oklara i f\u00f6rh\u00e5llande till varandra och h\u00e5rddiskens kvarvarande resurser.<\/p>\n

3) Tolkningen av SMART-m\u00e5tt \u00e4r specifik f\u00f6r leverant\u00f6ren.<\/b><\/p>\n

Till exempel, n\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller SIGEIT, b\u00f6r man inte f\u00e4sta stor uppm\u00e4rksamhet vid de \"d\u00e5liga\" r\u00e5v\u00e4rdena f\u00f6r attribut 1 och 7, s\u00e5 l\u00e4nge de andra ligger inom normala gr\u00e4nser. P\u00e5 h\u00e5rddiskar fr\u00e5n denna tillverkare kan deras absoluta v\u00e4rden \u00f6ka under normal anv\u00e4ndning.<\/p>\n

\"Lite
\n
\nF\u00f6r att bed\u00f6ma tillst\u00e5ndet och den \u00e5terst\u00e5ende livsl\u00e4ngden f\u00f6r en h\u00e5rddisk rekommenderas det f\u00f6rst och fr\u00e4mst att f\u00e4sta uppm\u00e4rksamhet vid parametrarna 5, 196, 197, 198. Det \u00e4r meningsfullt att utg\u00e5 ifr\u00e5n de absoluta, r\u00e5a v\u00e4rdena snarare \u00e4n de normaliserade. Normaliseringen av attributen kan ske p\u00e5 olika, icke uppenbara s\u00e4tt som varierar mellan olika algoritmer och firmware. <\/p>\n

Generellt sett, i kretsar som specialiserar sig p\u00e5 lagringsmedia, n\u00e4r man pratar om ett attributv\u00e4rde, syftar man vanligtvis just p\u00e5 det absoluta v\u00e4rdet.
\n
K\u00e4lla: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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