{"id":99353,"date":"2021-03-05T04:22:37","date_gmt":"2021-03-05T02:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/google-predstavil-frejmvork-flutter-2-i-yazyk-dart-2-12"},"modified":"2021-03-05T04:22:37","modified_gmt":"2021-03-05T02:22:39","slug":"google-predstavil-frejmvork-flutter-2-i-yazyk-dart-2-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/news\/google-predstavil-frejmvork-flutter-2-i-yazyk-dart-2-12","title":{"rendered":"Google presenterade ramverket Flutter 2 och spr\u00e5ket Dart 2.12","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Google har presenterat ramverket f\u00f6r anv\u00e4ndargr\u00e4nssnittsbyggande Flutter 2, vilket markerade en transformation av projektet fr\u00e5n ett ramverk f\u00f6r mobilapputveckling till ett universellt ramverk f\u00f6r skapande av alla typer av program, inklusive program f\u00f6r station\u00e4ra system och webbapplikationer. <\/p>\n

Flutter betraktas som ett alternativ till React Native och g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt att lansera appar f\u00f6r olika plattformar baserat p\u00e5 en enda kodbas, inklusive iOS, Android, Windows, macOS och Linux, samt appar som k\u00f6rs i webbl\u00e4sare. Tidigare skrivna mobilappar med Flutter 1 kan efter \u00f6verg\u00e5ngen till Flutter 2 anpassas f\u00f6r att fungera p\u00e5 skrivbordet och i webben utan att koden skrivs om. <\/p>\n

Huvuddelen av Flutter-koden \u00e4r implementerad p\u00e5 spr\u00e5ket Dart, medan runtime-motorn f\u00f6r att k\u00f6ra applikationer \u00e4r skriven i C++. Vid utveckling av applikationer, f\u00f6rutom det inhemska spr\u00e5ket Dart f\u00f6r Flutter, kan gr\u00e4nssnittet Dart Foreign Function anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r att anropa kod p\u00e5 C\/C++. H\u00f6g k\u00f6rprestanda uppn\u00e5s genom att kompilera applikationer till maskinkod f\u00f6r m\u00e5lplattformarna. Programmet beh\u00f6ver inte recompilera efter varje \u00e4ndring \u2014 Dart tillhandah\u00e5ller ett l\u00e4ge f\u00f6r varm omstart som g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt att g\u00f6ra \u00e4ndringar i en k\u00f6rande applikation och omedelbart bed\u00f6ma resultatet. <\/p>\n

Flutter 2 erbjuder fullst\u00e4ndig support f\u00f6r skapande av webbappar, l\u00e4mpliga f\u00f6r arbetsimplementeringar. Tre huvudscenarier f\u00f6r Flutter f\u00f6r webben n\u00e4mns: utveckling av frist\u00e5ende webbapplikationer (PWA, Progressiva Webbappar), skapande av ensidiga webbapplikationer (SPA, Ensidiga appar) och omvandling av mobilappar till webbapplikationer. Bland de utvecklingsverktyg f\u00f6r webben n\u00e4mns anv\u00e4ndning av mekanismer f\u00f6r att accelerera rendering av 2D- och 3D-grafik, flexibel layout av element p\u00e5 sk\u00e4rmen och en WebAssembly-kompilerad renderingsmotor, CanvasKit. <\/p>\n

St\u00f6det f\u00f6r station\u00e4ra appar \u00e4r f\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande i beta-testning och f\u00f6rv\u00e4ntas stabiliseras i \u00e5r i en av de kommande utg\u00e5vorna. F\u00f6retagen Canonical, Microsoft och Toyota har meddelat st\u00f6d f\u00f6r utveckling med Flutter. Canonical har valt Flutter som sitt prim\u00e4ra ramverk f\u00f6r sina applikationer och anv\u00e4nder \u00e4ven Flutter i utvecklingen av sin nya installerare f\u00f6r Ubuntu. Microsoft har anpassat Flutter f\u00f6r vikbara enheter med flera sk\u00e4rmar, s\u00e5som Surface Duo. Toyota planerar att anv\u00e4nda Flutter f\u00f6r bilarnas infotainment-system. Anv\u00e4ndargr\u00e4nssnittet f\u00f6r Googles mikro-k\u00e4rnbaserade operativsystem Fuchsia \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 baserat p\u00e5 Flutter.

\"Google<\/center> <\/p>\n

Samtidigt publicerades version 2.12 av programmeringsspr\u00e5ket Dart, d\u00e4r utvecklingen av den grundligt omarbetade Dart 2-ramen fortsatte. Dart 2 skiljer sig fr\u00e5n den ursprungliga versionen av Dart genom anv\u00e4ndningen av stark statisk typning (typer kan h\u00e4rledas automatiskt, s\u00e5 typangivelse \u00e4r inte obligatorisk, men dynamisk typning anv\u00e4nds inte l\u00e4ngre och den typ som ursprungligen ber\u00e4knats knyts till variabeln vilket g\u00f6r att strikt typkontroll till\u00e4mpas fram\u00f6ver). <\/p>\n

Utg\u00e5van utm\u00e4rks av stabilisering av det s\u00e4kra anv\u00e4ndningsl\u00e4get f\u00f6r v\u00e4rdet \"Null\" (null safety), vilket m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r f\u00f6r att undvika krascher orsakade av f\u00f6rs\u00f6k att anv\u00e4nda variabler vars v\u00e4rden inte \u00e4r definierade och som satts till \"Null\". L\u00e4ge inneb\u00e4r att variabler inte kan ha odefinierade v\u00e4rden om de inte uttryckligen tilldelas v\u00e4rdet null. I detta l\u00e4ge beaktas variabeltyper strikt, vilket g\u00f6r att kompilatorn kan till\u00e4mpa ytterligare optimeringar. Typ\u00f6verensst\u00e4mmelse kontrolleras vid kompileringstillf\u00e4llet; till exempel, om man f\u00f6rs\u00f6ker tilldela v\u00e4rdet \"Null\" till en variabel av en typ som inte till\u00e5ter ett odefinierat tillst\u00e5nd, som \"int\", kommer ett felmeddelande att genereras. <\/p>\n

En annan viktig f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttring i Dart 2.12 var stabil implementering av FFI-biblioteket, vilket m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r skapande av h\u00f6gpresterande kod f\u00f6r att anropa API:er p\u00e5 C-spr\u00e5ket. Prestanda- och storleksoptimeringar har inf\u00f6rts. Verktyg f\u00f6r utvecklare och system f\u00f6r kodprofilering har lagts till, skrivna med Flutter, samt nya plugins f\u00f6r utveckling av applikationer i Dart och Flutter f\u00f6r Android Studio\/IntelliJ och VS Code.

\"Google<\/center>
\n
K\u00e4lla: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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