{"id":99682,"date":"2021-04-07T16:22:45","date_gmt":"2021-04-07T14:22:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android"},"modified":"2021-04-07T16:22:45","modified_gmt":"2021-04-07T14:22:46","slug":"rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/news\/rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android","title":{"rendered":"Rust \u00e4r nu en av huvudprogrammeringsspr\u00e5ken f\u00f6r Android-plattformen.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Google har tillk\u00e4nnagivit att programspr\u00e5ket Rust nu \u00e4r ett av de spr\u00e5k som \u00e4r till\u00e5tna f\u00f6r utveckling av Android-plattformen. Rust-kompilatorn inkluderades i k\u00e4llkodsstrukturen f\u00f6r Android redan 2019, men st\u00f6det f\u00f6r spr\u00e5ket har varit experimentellt. Bland de f\u00f6rsta komponenterna p\u00e5 Rust som planeras att levereras till Android \u00e4r nya implementationer av mekanismen f\u00f6r mellanprocesskommunikation Binder och Bluetooth-stacken. <\/p>\n

Inf\u00f6randet av Rust har genomf\u00f6rts som en del av ett projekt f\u00f6r att \u00f6ka s\u00e4kerheten, fr\u00e4mja metoder f\u00f6r s\u00e4ker programmering och f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra effektiviteten i att identifiera problem relaterade till minne i Android. Det noteras att n\u00e4stan 70 % av alla farliga s\u00e5rbarheter som uppt\u00e4ckts i Android orsakas av minneshanteringsfel. Anv\u00e4ndningen av Rust, som fokuserar p\u00e5 s\u00e4ker minneshantering och erbjuder automatiserad minneshantering, kommer att minska risken f\u00f6r s\u00e5rbarheter som orsakas av minnesfel, s\u00e5som att be om \u00e5tkomst till minnesomr\u00e5den efter att de frigjorts och buffert\u00f6verskridningar. <\/p>\n

S\u00e4ker minneshantering garanteras i Rust under kompileringen genom referenskontroll, sp\u00e5rning av \u00e4gande av objekt och hantering av objektens livstid (synlighet), samt genom att bed\u00f6ma korrekt minnes\u00e5tkomst under kodens k\u00f6rning. Rust erbjuder ocks\u00e5 verktyg f\u00f6r att skydda mot heltals\u00f6verfl\u00f6d, kr\u00e4ver obligatorisk initialisering av variabelv\u00e4rden innan anv\u00e4ndning, hanterar fel b\u00e4ttre i standardbiblioteket, till\u00e4mpar konceptet av of\u00f6r\u00e4nderliga (immutable) referenser och variabler som standard, och erbjuder stark statisk typning f\u00f6r att minimera logiska fel. <\/p>\n

I Android s\u00e4kerst\u00e4lls s\u00e4ker minneshantering i de redan st\u00f6dda spr\u00e5ken Kotlin och Java, men dessa \u00e4r inte l\u00e4mpliga f\u00f6r utveckling av systemkomponenter p\u00e5 grund av stora overheadkostnader. Rust m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r prestanda i n\u00e4rheten av C- och C++-spr\u00e5ken, vilket m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r anv\u00e4ndning vid utveckling av l\u00e5g niv\u00e5-komponenter f\u00f6r plattformen och komponenter f\u00f6r interaktion med h\u00e5rdvara. <\/p>\n

F\u00f6r att s\u00e4kerst\u00e4lla s\u00e4kerheten hos koden i C och C++ p\u00e5 Android anv\u00e4nds sandbox-isolering, statisk analys och fuzzing-testning. M\u00f6jligheterna f\u00f6r sandbox-isolering \u00e4r begr\u00e4nsade och har n\u00e5tt sina gr\u00e4nser (ytterligare fragmentering av processer \u00e4r oekonomiskt ur resursf\u00f6rbrukningsperspektiv). Bland begr\u00e4nsningarna vid anv\u00e4ndning av sandbox n\u00e4mns h\u00f6ga overheadkostnader och \u00f6kad minnesanv\u00e4ndning orsakad av behovet av att skapa nya processer, samt uppkomsten av ytterligare f\u00f6rdr\u00f6jningar kopplade till anv\u00e4ndning av IPC. <\/p>\n

Samtidigt eliminerar sandbox inte s\u00e5rbarheter i koden, utan minskar bara riskerna och komplicerar genomf\u00f6randet av attacker, eftersom det f\u00f6r utnyttjande kr\u00e4vs att flera s\u00e5rbarheter identifieras snarare \u00e4n en. Metoder baserade p\u00e5 testning av kod \u00e4r begr\u00e4nsade av att det kr\u00e4vs s\u00e4rskilda f\u00f6rh\u00e5llanden f\u00f6r att problem ska uppst\u00e5. Att t\u00e4cka alla m\u00f6jliga scenarier \u00e4r inte m\u00f6jligt, varf\u00f6r m\u00e5nga fel f\u00f6rblir ouppt\u00e4ckta. <\/p>\n

\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 Android \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f «\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445», \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445: \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (C\/C++) \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0436\u0451\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 sandbox-\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0439). \u0418\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0439 (\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d), \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. <\/p>\n

Google har inte som m\u00e5l att skriva om den befintliga C\/C++-koden till Rust, utan planerar att anv\u00e4nda detta spr\u00e5k f\u00f6r utveckling av ny kod. Det \u00e4r meningsfullt att anv\u00e4nda Rust f\u00f6r ny kod, eftersom statistiskt sett uppst\u00e5r de flesta fel i ny eller nyligen \u00e4ndrad kod. I synnerhet uppt\u00e4cks omkring 50% av de identifierade minnesfelen i Android i kod som skrivits f\u00f6r mindre \u00e4n ett \u00e5r sedan.

\"Rust<\/center>
\n
K\u00e4lla: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Rust \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b Android. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 Rust \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0451\u043d \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 Android \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0432 2019 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 Rust, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432 Android, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f Binder \u0438 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":99683,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Rust har inkluderats bland de huvudsakliga spr\u00e5ken f\u00f6r utveckling av Android-plattformen | ProHoster","description":"F\u00f6retaget Google har meddelat att programmeringsspr\u00e5ket Rust har lagts till som ett av de godk\u00e4nda spr\u00e5ken f\u00f6r utveckling av 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