Wakati usanidi unapoanza tu, mara nyingi haijulikani wazi ni vifurushi vipi vitaenda kwa mizizi inayolengwa.
Kwa maneno mengine, ni mapema sana kunyakua LFS, buildroot au yocto (au kitu kingine), lakini tayari unahitaji kuanza. Kwa matajiri (nina 4GB eMMC kwenye sampuli za majaribio) kuna njia ya kusambaza kwa watengenezaji usambazaji ambao utawaruhusu kutoa haraka kitu ambacho kinakosekana kwa sasa, na kisha tunaweza kukusanya orodha za vifurushi na kuunda orodha ya mizizi inayolengwa.
Makala haya si mapya na ni maagizo rahisi ya kunakili-bandika.
Madhumuni ya kifungu ni kuunda mizizi ya Ubuntu kwa bodi za ARM (kwa upande wangu, kulingana na Colibri imx7d).
Kujenga picha
Tunakusanya mizizi inayolengwa kwa urudufishaji.
Inafungua Ubuntu Base
Tunachagua toleo wenyewe kulingana na hitaji na matakwa yetu wenyewe. Hapa nimetoa 20.
$ mkdir ubuntu20
$ cd ubuntu20
$ mkdir rootfs
$ wget http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-base/releases/20.04/release/ubuntu-base-20.04-base-armhf.tar.gz
$ tar xf ubuntu-base-20.04-base-armhf.tar.gz -C rootfsKuangalia usaidizi wa BINFMT kwenye kernel
Ikiwa una usambazaji wa kawaida, basi kuna usaidizi wa BINFMT_MISC na kila kitu kimesanidiwa, ikiwa sivyo, basi nina hakika kuwa unajua jinsi ya kuwezesha usaidizi wa BINFMT kwenye kernel.
Hakikisha BINFMT_MISC imewashwa kwenye kernel:
$ zcat /proc/config.gz | grep BINFMT
CONFIG_BINFMT_ELF=y
CONFIG_COMPAT_BINFMT_ELF=y
CONFIG_BINFMT_SCRIPT=y
CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC=ySasa unahitaji kuangalia mipangilio:
$ ls /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
qemu-arm register status
$ cat /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-arm
enabled
interpreter /usr/bin/qemu-arm
flags: OC
offset 0
magic 7f454c4601010100000000000000000002002800
mask ffffffffffffff00fffffffffffffffffeffffffUnaweza kujiandikisha mwenyewe kwa kutumia, kwa mfano, .
Inaweka mkono tuli wa qemu
Sasa tunahitaji mfano wa qemu uliokusanywa kwa hali.
!!! TAZAMA!!!
Ikiwa unapanga kutumia chombo kuunda kitu, angalia:
Kisha kwa mwenyeji wa x86_64 na mgeni wa mkono unahitaji kutumia toleo la i386 la qemu:
$ wget http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/q/qemu/qemu-user-static_5.0-13_amd64.deb
$ alient -t qemu-user-static_5.0-13_amd64.deb
# ΠΏΡΡΡ Π² rootfs ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ»Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Ρ /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-arm
$ mkdir qemu
$ tar xf qemu-user-static-5.0.tgz -C qemu
$ file qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static
qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, BuildID[sha1]=be45f9a321cccc5c139cc1991a4042907f9673b6, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, stripped
$ cp qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm
$ file rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm
rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, BuildID[sha1]=be45f9a321cccc5c139cc1991a4042907f9673b6, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, strippedchroot
Hati rahisi:
ch-mount.sh
#!/bin/bash
function mnt() {
echo "MOUNTING"
sudo mount -t proc /proc proc
sudo mount --rbind /sys sys
sudo mount --make-rslave sys
sudo mount --rbind /dev dev
sudo mount --make-rslave dev
sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts dev/pts
sudo chroot
}
function umnt() {
echo "UNMOUNTING"
sudo umount proc
sudo umount sys
sudo umount dev/pts
sudo umount dev
}
if [ "$1" == "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ] ;
then
mnt $1 $2
elif [ "$1" == "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
then
umnt $1 $2
else
echo ""
echo "Either 1'st, 2'nd or both parameters were missing"
echo ""
echo "1'st parameter can be one of these: -m(mount) OR -u(umount)"
echo "2'nd parameter is the full path of rootfs directory(with trailing '/')"
echo ""
echo "For example: ch-mount -m /media/sdcard/"
echo ""
echo 1st parameter :
echo 2nd parameter :
fiTunafurahia matokeo:
$ ./ch-mount.sh -m rootfs/
# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04 LTS"
VERSION_ID="20.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=focal
UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal
# uname -a
Linux NShubin 5.5.9-gentoo-x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT Mon Mar 16 14:34:52 MSK 2020 armv7l armv7l armv7l GNU/LinuxKwa kujifurahisha tu, wacha tupime saizi kabla na baada ya kusakinisha seti ya chini (yangu) ya vifurushi:
# du -d 0 -h / 2>/dev/null
63M /Wacha tusasishe:
# apt update
# apt upgrade --yesWacha tusakinishe vifurushi ambavyo tunavutiwa navyo:
# SYSTEMD_IGNORE_CHROOT=yes apt install --yes autoconf kmod socat ifupdown ethtool iputils-ping net-tools ssh g++ iproute2 dhcpcd5 incron ser2net udev systemd gcc minicom vim cmake make mtd-utils util-linux git strace gdb libiio-dev iiodFaili za vichwa vya Kernel na moduli ni suala tofauti. Bila shaka, hatutaweka bootloader, kernel, modules, mti wa kifaa kupitia Ubuntu. Watakuja kwetu kutoka nje au tutawakusanya wenyewe au watapewa na mtengenezaji wa bodi, kwa hali yoyote hii ni zaidi ya upeo wa maagizo haya.
Kwa kiasi fulani, utofauti wa toleo unakubalika, lakini ni bora kuwachukua kutoka kwa ujenzi wa kernel.
# apt install --yes linux-headers-genericWacha tuone kilichotokea na ikawa mengi:
# apt clean
# du -d 0 -h / 2>/dev/null
770M /Usisahau kuweka nenosiri.
Kupakia picha
$ sudo tar -C rootfs --transform "s|^./||" --numeric-owner --owner=0 --group=0 -c ./ | tar --delete ./ | gzip > rootfs.tar.gzZaidi ya hayo, tunaweza kusakinisha etckeeper kwa kuweka kiotomatiki
Naam, tuseme tulisambaza mkusanyiko wetu, kazi ilianza juu ya jinsi bora ya kukusanya matoleo tofauti ya mfumo wetu.
etckeeper anaweza kuja kutusaidia.
Usalama ni suala la kibinafsi:
- unaweza kulinda matawi fulani
- toa ufunguo wa kipekee kwa kila kifaa
- Lemaza kushinikiza kwa nguvu
- na kadhalika. ...
# ssh-keygen
# apt install etckeeper
# etckeeper init
# cd /etc
# git remote add origin ...Hebu tuweke mipangilio ya kusukuma kiotomatiki
Tunaweza, bila shaka, kuunda matawi kwenye kifaa mapema (hebu sema tunafanya script au huduma ambayo itaendesha mara ya kwanza ilizinduliwa).
# cat /etc/etckeeper/etckeeper.conf
PUSH_REMOTE="origin"Au tunaweza kufanya kitu nadhifu zaidi...
Njia ya uvivu
Wacha tuwe na aina fulani ya kitambulisho cha kipekee, wacha tuseme nambari ya serial ya processor (vizuri, au kampuni kubwa za MAC hununua anuwai):
paka / proc / cpuinfo
# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS : 60.36
Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0xc07
CPU revision : 5
processor : 1
model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS : 60.36
Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0xc07
CPU revision : 5
Hardware : Freescale i.MX7 Dual (Device Tree)
Revision : 0000
Serial : 06372509Kisha tunaweza kuitumia kwa jina la tawi ambalo tutasukuma:
# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep Serial | cut -d':' -f 2 | tr -d [:blank:]
06372509Wacha tuunda hati rahisi:
# cat /etc/etckeeper/commit.d/40myown-push
#!/bin/sh
set -e
if [ "$VCS" = git ] && [ -d .git ]; then
branch=$(cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep Serial | cut -d':' -f 2 | tr -d [:blank:])
cd /etc/
git push origin master:${branch}
fiNa hiyo ndiyo yote - baada ya muda tunaweza kuangalia mabadiliko na kuunda orodha ya vifurushi vya firmware inayolengwa.
Nyenzo zilizopendekezwa
getdents64 tatizo
Chanzo: mapenzi.com