🥇“noldan” ARM uchun Ubuntu tasvirini yaratish

Rivojlanish endigina boshlanganda, qaysi paketlar maqsadli rootflarga borishi ko'pincha aniq bo'lmaydi.

Boshqacha qilib aytganda, LFS, buildroot yoki yocto (yoki boshqa biror narsa) ni olish uchun hali erta, lekin siz allaqachon boshlashingiz kerak. Boylar uchun (menda uchuvchi namunalarda 4 Gb eMMC bor) ishlab chiquvchilarga hozirda etishmayotgan narsani tezda yetkazib berishga imkon beradigan tarqatishni tarqatishning bir yo'li bor, keyin biz har doim paketlar ro'yxatini to'plashimiz va ro'yxat yaratishimiz mumkin. maqsadli ildizlar.

Ushbu maqola yangi emas va oddiy nusxa ko'chirish va joylashtirish ko'rsatmasi.

Maqolaning maqsadi - ARM platalari uchun Ubuntu rootflarini yaratish (mening holimda, Colibri imx7d asosida).

Tasvir yaratish

Replikatsiya qilish uchun maqsadli rootflarni yig'amiz.

Ubuntu bazasini ochish

Biz o'zimiz ehtiyoj va o'z afzalliklarimizdan kelib chiqqan holda nashrni tanlaymiz. Mana men 20 ta berdim.

$ mkdir ubuntu20
$ cd ubuntu20
$ mkdir rootfs
$ wget http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-base/releases/20.04/release/ubuntu-base-20.04-base-armhf.tar.gz
$ tar xf ubuntu-base-20.04-base-armhf.tar.gz -C rootfs

Yadroda BINFMT yordamini tekshirish

Agar sizda umumiy taqsimot mavjud bo'lsa, unda BINFMT_MISC qo'llab-quvvatlanadi va hamma narsa sozlangan, agar bo'lmasa, yadroda BINFMT qo'llab-quvvatlashini qanday yoqishni bilganingizga aminman.

Yadroda BINFMT_MISC yoqilganligiga ishonch hosil qiling:

$ zcat /proc/config.gz | grep BINFMT
CONFIG_BINFMT_ELF=y
CONFIG_COMPAT_BINFMT_ELF=y
CONFIG_BINFMT_SCRIPT=y
CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC=y

Endi siz sozlamalarni tekshirishingiz kerak:

$ ls /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
qemu-arm  register  status
$ cat /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-arm
enabled
interpreter /usr/bin/qemu-arm
flags: OC
offset 0
magic 7f454c4601010100000000000000000002002800
mask ffffffffffffff00fffffffffffffffffeffffff

Siz qo'lda ro'yxatdan o'tishingiz mumkin, masalan, mana bu ko'rsatmalar.

Qemu statik qo'lni o'rnatish

Endi bizga statik ravishda yig'ilgan qemu misoli kerak.

!!! DIQQAT!!!
Agar biror narsa qurish uchun konteynerdan foydalanmoqchi bo'lsangiz, quyidagilarni tekshiring:
https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=23960
https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/1805913
Keyin x86_64 xost va mehmon uchun siz qemu ning i386 versiyasidan foydalanishingiz kerak:
http://ftp.ru.debian.org/debian/pool/main/q/qemu/qemu-user-static_5.0-13_i386.deb

$ wget http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/q/qemu/qemu-user-static_5.0-13_amd64.deb
$ alient -t qemu-user-static_5.0-13_amd64.deb
# путь в rootfs и имя исполняемого файла должно совпадать с /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-arm
$ mkdir qemu
$ tar xf qemu-user-static-5.0.tgz -C qemu
$ file qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static
qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, BuildID[sha1]=be45f9a321cccc5c139cc1991a4042907f9673b6, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, stripped
$ cp qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm
$ file rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm
rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, BuildID[sha1]=be45f9a321cccc5c139cc1991a4042907f9673b6, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, stripped

chroot

Oddiy skript:

ch-mount.sh

#!/bin/bash

function mnt() {
    echo "MOUNTING"
    sudo mount -t proc /proc proc
    sudo mount --rbind /sys sys
    sudo mount --make-rslave sys
    sudo mount --rbind /dev dev
    sudo mount --make-rslave dev
    sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts dev/pts
    sudo chroot 
}

function umnt() {
    echo "UNMOUNTING"
    sudo umount proc
    sudo umount sys
    sudo umount dev/pts
    sudo umount dev

}

if [ "$1" == "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ] ;
then
    mnt $1 $2
elif [ "$1" == "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
then
    umnt $1 $2
else
    echo ""
    echo "Either 1'st, 2'nd or both parameters were missing"
    echo ""
    echo "1'st parameter can be one of these: -m(mount) OR -u(umount)"
    echo "2'nd parameter is the full path of rootfs directory(with trailing '/')"
    echo ""
    echo "For example: ch-mount -m /media/sdcard/"
    echo ""
    echo 1st parameter : 
    echo 2nd parameter : 
fi

Biz natijani hayratda qoldiramiz:

$ ./ch-mount.sh -m rootfs/
# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04 LTS"
VERSION_ID="20.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=focal
UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal
# uname -a
Linux NShubin 5.5.9-gentoo-x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT Mon Mar 16 14:34:52 MSK 2020 armv7l armv7l armv7l GNU/Linux

O'yin-kulgi uchun keling, minimal (men uchun) paketlarni o'rnatishdan oldin va keyin hajmini o'lchaymiz:

# du -d 0 -h / 2>/dev/null
63M     /

Keling, yangilaymiz:

# apt update
# apt upgrade --yes

Bizni qiziqtirgan paketlarni o'rnatamiz:

# SYSTEMD_IGNORE_CHROOT=yes apt install --yes autoconf kmod socat ifupdown ethtool iputils-ping net-tools ssh g++ iproute2 dhcpcd5 incron ser2net udev systemd gcc minicom vim cmake make mtd-utils util-linux git strace gdb libiio-dev iiod

Yadro sarlavhasi fayllari va modullari alohida masala. Albatta, biz Ubuntu orqali bootloader, yadro, modul, qurilma daraxtini o'rnatmaymiz. Ular bizga tashqaridan kelishadi yoki biz ularni o'zimiz yig'amiz yoki ular bizga taxta ishlab chiqaruvchisi tomonidan beriladi, har holda bu ko'rsatma doirasidan tashqarida.

Qaysidir ma'noda versiyalarning farqlanishi maqbuldir, ammo ularni yadro tuzilishidan olish yaxshiroqdir.

# apt install --yes linux-headers-generic

Keling, nima bo'lganini ko'rib chiqaylik va bu juda ko'p bo'ldi:

# apt clean
# du -d 0 -h / 2>/dev/null
770M    /

Parol o'rnatishni unutmang.

Tasvirni qadoqlash

$ sudo tar -C rootfs --transform "s|^./||" --numeric-owner --owner=0 --group=0 -c ./ | tar --delete ./ | gzip > rootfs.tar.gz

Bundan tashqari, biz etckeeper-ni autopush sozlamalari bilan o'rnatishimiz mumkin

Aytaylik, biz yig'ilishimizni taqsimladik, tizimimizning keyingi versiyalarini qanday qilib yaxshiroq yig'ish bo'yicha ish boshlandi.

etckeeper yordamimizga kelishi mumkin.

Xavfsizlik shaxsiy masala:

siz ba'zi filiallarni himoya qilishingiz mumkin

har bir qurilma uchun noyob kalit yaratish

kuch bilan surishni o'chiring

va hokazo. ...

# ssh-keygen
# apt install etckeeper
# etckeeper init
# cd /etc
# git remote add origin ...

Keling, autopushni sozlaylik

Biz, albatta, qurilmada filiallarni oldindan yaratishimiz mumkin (aytaylik, biz birinchi marta ishga tushirilgan skript yoki xizmatni yaratamiz).

# cat /etc/etckeeper/etckeeper.conf
PUSH_REMOTE="origin"

Yoki biz aqlliroq narsa qila olamiz ...

Dangasa yo'l

Keling, qandaydir noyob identifikatorga ega bo'laylik, aytaylik protsessorning seriya raqami (yoki MAC - jiddiy kompaniyalar assortimentni sotib oladi):

cat / proc / cpuinfo

# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor       : 0
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 60.36
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm 
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xc07
CPU revision    : 5

processor       : 1
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 60.36
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm 
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xc07
CPU revision    : 5

Hardware        : Freescale i.MX7 Dual (Device Tree)
Revision        : 0000
Serial          : 06372509

Keyin biz uni bosadigan filial nomi uchun ishlatishimiz mumkin:

# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep Serial | cut -d':' -f 2 | tr -d [:blank:]
06372509

Keling, oddiy skript yarataylik:

# cat /etc/etckeeper/commit.d/40myown-push
#!/bin/sh
set -e

if [ "$VCS" = git ] && [ -d .git ]; then
  branch=$(cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep Serial | cut -d':' -f 2 | tr -d [:blank:])
  cd /etc/
  git push origin master:${branch}
fi

Va bu hammasi - bir muncha vaqt o'tgach, biz o'zgarishlarni ko'rib chiqishimiz va maqsadli dasturiy ta'minot uchun paketlar ro'yxatini yaratishimiz mumkin.

Tavsiya etilgan materiallar

BINFMT_MISC
Turli ikkilik formatlar uchun yadroni qo'llab-quvvatlash (binfmt_misc)
Qemu foydalanuvchi chroot bilan kompilyatsiya qilish
ARM uchun Ubuntu rootflarini yaratish
Qanday qilib noldan shaxsiy Ubuntu jonli yaratish mumkin
Crossdev qemu-static-user-chroot
va hokazo qo'riqchi

getdents64 muammosi

readdir() 32-bitli xostda 64-bitli foydalanuvchi statik qemu uchun NULL (errno=EOVERFLOW)ni qaytaradi
Ext4 64 bitli xesh 32 bitli glibc 2.28+ ni buzadi
QEMU foydalanuvchi rejimi emulyatsiyasidan foydalanganda armhf uchun compiler_id_detection muvaffaqiyatsiz tugadi
CMake qemu-arm ostida to'g'ri ishlamaydi

Manba: www.habr.com

ARM uchun Ubuntu tasvirini "noldan" yaratish