Mozilla loyihasi tomonidan asos solingan, ammo hozirda Rust Foundation mustaqil notijorat tashkiloti homiyligida ishlab chiqilgan Rust 1.77 umumiy maqsadli dasturlash tilining nashri chop etildi. Til xotira xavfsizligiga e'tibor qaratadi va axlat yig'uvchi va ish vaqtidan foydalanishdan qochgan holda yuqori ish parallelligiga erishish vositalarini taqdim etadi (ish vaqti standart kutubxonani asosiy ishga tushirish va texnik xizmat ko'rsatishga qisqartiriladi).
Rust-ning xotira bilan ishlash usullari ishlab chiquvchini ko'rsatkichlarni boshqarishda xatolardan qutqaradi va past darajadagi xotira bilan ishlash natijasida yuzaga keladigan muammolardan himoya qiladi, masalan, bo'shatilgandan so'ng xotira maydoniga kirish, null ko'rsatkichlarni o'chirish, buferni ortiqcha yuklash va hokazo. Kutubxonalarni tarqatish, qurishni ta'minlash va bog'liqliklarni boshqarish uchun loyiha Cargo paketi menejerini ishlab chiqadi. Crates.io ombori kutubxonalarni joylashtirish uchun qo'llab-quvvatlanadi.
Xotira xavfsizligi Rust-da kompilyatsiya vaqtida mos yozuvlarni tekshirish, ob'ektga egalik qilish, ob'ektning ishlash muddatini (ko'lamini) kuzatib borish va kodni bajarish paytida xotiraga kirishning to'g'riligini baholash orqali ta'minlanadi. Rust shuningdek, butun sonlarning to'lib ketishidan himoya qiladi, ishlatishdan oldin o'zgaruvchan qiymatlarni majburiy ishga tushirishni talab qiladi, standart kutubxonada xatolarni yaxshiroq boshqaradi, sukut bo'yicha o'zgarmas havolalar va o'zgaruvchilar tushunchasini qo'llaydi, mantiqiy xatolarni minimallashtirish uchun kuchli statik yozishni taklif qiladi.
Asosiy innovatsiyalar:
- ΠΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ° Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π‘ΠΈ-ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ (cΒ»ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΒ»), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠΈ Ρ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π½ΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ Β«CStrΒ». ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ° Π‘ΠΈ-ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π½ΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΌ Π±Π°ΠΉΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. const HELLO: &core::ffi::CStr = cΒ»Hello, world!Β»;
- Π Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ , ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Β«async fnΒ», ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Ρ.Π΅. ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ. async fn fib(n: u32) -> u32 { match n { 0 | 1 => 1, _ => Box::pin(fib(n-1)).await + Box::pin(fib(n-2)).await } }
- Π‘ΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ offset_of!, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π±Π°ΠΉΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π΅Π½ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ , ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°. Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ offset_of Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ²Π΅ΡΡ. use std::mem; #[repr(C)] struct FieldStruct { first: u8, second: u16, third: u8 } assert_eq!(mem::offset_of!(FieldStruct, first), 0); assert_eq!(mem::offset_of!(FieldStruct, second), 2); assert_eq!(mem::offset_of!(FieldStruct, third), 4);
- Π ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Cargo Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ (strip = Β«debuginfoΒ»), Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Cargo ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΡΠ½ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ, Ρ.Π΅. Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ debug = 0.
- ΠΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡ Β«-Zthir-unsafeck=onΒ», ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΡ unsafe Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ THIR (Β«Typed High-Level Intermediate RepresentationΒ»).
- ΠΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° lint-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° static_mut_refs Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
- Π Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΆΠ° Β«From<&[T; N]>Β» Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Β«Cow<[T]>Β». fn foo(data: impl Into<Cow<βstatic, [&βstatic str]>>) { /* β¦ */ } fn main() { foo(&[Β«helloΒ», Β«worldΒ»]); }
- Π ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 16-Π±Π°ΠΉΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² i128 ΠΈ u128 Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ x86.
- APIning yangi qismi barqaror toifaga ko'chirildi, shu jumladan xususiyatlarning usullari va amalga oshirilishi barqarorlashtirildi:
- array::each_ref
- array::each_mut
- core::net
- f32::round_ties_even
- f64::round_ties_even
- mem::offset_of!
- slice::first_chunk
- slice::first_chunk_mut
- slice::split_first_chunk
- slice::split_first_chunk_mut
- slice::last_chunk
- slice::last_chunk_mut
- slice::split_last_chunk
- slice::split_last_chunk_mut
- slice::chunk_by
- slice::chunk_by_mut
- Bound::map
- File::create_new
- Mutex::clear_poison
- RwLock::clear_poison
- Π Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌ aarch64-unknown-illumos, hexagon-unknown-none-elf, riscv32imafc-esp-espidf ΠΈ riscv32im-risc0-zkvm-elf. Π’ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅Ρ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΡ, Π½ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π· Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π°.
Manba: opennet.ru