Kwesi sixhobo siya kuzama ukuqwalasela into enomdla kunye neluncedo yeziseko ze-IT njengenkqubo yokubeka iliso kwi-VoIP.
Ukuphuhliswa kothungelwano lwezonxibelelwano lwanamhlanje luyamangalisa: baye bahamba phambili kude nomlilo wesignali, kwaye oko kwakubonakala kungenakucingwa ngaphambili ngoku kulula kwaye kuqhelekileyo. Kwaye ziingcali kuphela eziyaziyo into efihliweyo emva kobomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nokusetyenziswa okubanzi kweempumelelo kwishishini letekhnoloji yolwazi. Iindidi zemithombo yeendaba zothumelo, iindlela zokutshintsha, iiprothokholi zokusebenzisana kwesixhobo kunye ne-encoding algorithms iyamangalisa umntu ophakathi kwaye inokuba liphupha elibi lokwenyani kuye nabani na onxulumene nokusebenza kwabo okufanelekileyo kunye nozinzo: ukuhamba kweethoni okanye ukugcwala kwelizwi, ukungakwazi ukubhalisa kwi-softswitch. , ukuvavanya izixhobo ezitsha, ukudibanisa ukuqhagamshelana nenkxaso yomthengisi.
Ingqikelelo ekhankanywe ngasentla yeprotocol isisiseko sayo nayiphi na inethiwekhi yonxibelelwano, apho i-architecture yayo, ukubunjwa kunye nobunzima bezixhobo zayo ezidibeneyo, uluhlu lweenkonzo ezinikezelayo, kunye nokunye okuninzi kuya kuxhomekeka. Kwangaxeshanye, ipateni ecacileyo kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu kukuba ukusetyenziswa kweprotocol yokubonisa bhetyebhetye iphucula i-scalability yothungelwano lonxibelelwano, olubandakanya ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zenethiwekhi kuyo.
Ngaphezu koko, nokonyuka okuyimfuneko kunye nokuthetheleleka kwinani lezinto zothungelwano ezidityanisiweyo ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sepateni ephawulweyo ibandakanya inani lobunzima obunxulunyaniswa nokugcinwa nokusebenza kothungelwano. Iingcali ezininzi ziye zadibana nemeko apho ukulahla okuthathiweyo kungabavumeli ukuba bachaze ngokungathandabuzekiyo ingxaki ethe yavela, kuba yafunyanwa kuloo ndawo yothungelwano eyayingabandakanyekanga kwinkangeleko yayo.
Le meko iqhelekile ngokukodwa kwiinethiwekhi zeVoIP ezibandakanya izixhobo ezininzi kunePBX enye kunye neefowuni ezininzi ze-IP. Ngokomzekelo, xa isisombululo sisebenzisa abalawuli beemida ezininzi zeeseshoni, iinguqu eziguquguqukayo okanye enye i-softswitch, kodwa umsebenzi wokumisela indawo yomsebenzisi uhlukaniswe kwabanye kwaye ubekwe kwisixhobo esahlukileyo. Emva koko injineli kufuneka ikhethe icandelo elilandelayo lokuhlalutya, likhokelwa ngamava akhe obungqina okanye ngamabona-ndenzile.
Le ndlela idinisa kakhulu kwaye ayivelisi mveliso, kuba ikunyanzela ukuba uchithe ixesha ngokuphindaphindiweyo ulwa nemibuzo efanayo: yintoni enokusetyenziswa ukuqokelela iipakethi, indlela yokuqokelela isiphumo, njalo njalo. Kwelinye icala, njengoko usazi, umntu uqhelana nayo yonke into. Unokuqhelana noku, ube ngcono kuyo, kwaye uqeqeshe umonde. Nangona kunjalo, kwelinye icala, kusekho enye ubunzima obungenakuhoywa - ukulungelelaniswa kweempawu ezithathwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Konke oku kungasentla, kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi yokuhlalutya uthungelwano lonxibelelwano, ngumxholo wemisebenzi yeengcali ezininzi, ezo iinkqubo zokubeka iliso kwizithuthi zenzelwe ukunceda ukusombulula.
Malunga neenkqubo zokubeka iliso kwinethiwekhi yonxibelelwano
Kwaye kunye senza isizathu esifanayo: wena ngendlela yakho, kwaye nam ngendlela yam.
Yu. Detochkin
Uthungelwano lothungelwano lwezothutho lwamajelo eendaba lwanamhlanje luyilwe kwaye lwakhiwe ngokuphunyezwa kweengcamango ezahlukeneyo, isiseko sazo ziiprothokholi ezahlukeneyo zonxibelelwano: CAS, SS7, INAP, H.323, SIP, njl. Inkqubo yokubeka iliso kwi-traffic (TMS) sisixhobo esilungiselelwe ukufaka imiyalezo kwiiprothokholi ezidweliswe ngasentla (kwaye kungekhona kuphela) kwaye ineseti yeendlela ezilula, ezicacileyo kunye nezinolwazi malunga nohlalutyo lwayo. Eyona njongo iphambili ye-SMT kukwenza umkhondo wemiqondiso kunye nokulahla naliphi na ixesha lexesha elifumanekayo kwiingcali nangaliphi na ixesha (kubandakanywa nexesha lokwenene) ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezikhethekileyo (umzekelo, i-Wireshark). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zonke iingcali eziqeqeshiweyo ziqwalasela ngokukhawuleza imiba enxulumene, umzekelo, kukhuseleko lweziseko ze-IT.
Ngelo xesha, inkalo ebalulekileyo ehambelana ngqo nalo mbandela yikhono lale ngcali "ukugcina ulungelelaniso", enokuthi iphunyezwe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngesaziso esifike ngexesha lesiganeko esithile. Ekubeni imiba yezaziso ikhankanywe, sithetha ngokujongwa kwenethiwekhi yonxibelelwano. Ukubuyela kule nkcazo ingentla, i-CMT ikuvumela ukuba ubeke esweni loo miyalezo, iimpendulo kunye nemisebenzi enokuthi ibonise nayiphi na indlela yokuziphatha yenethiwekhi engaqhelekanga (umzekelo, i-403 okanye iimpendulo ze-408 zeqela le-4xx kwi-SIP okanye ukunyuka okubukhali kwinani leeseshoni kwi-trunk. ), ngelixa ufumana i-infographics efanelekileyo ebonisa ngokucacileyo okwenzekayo.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inkqubo ye-VoIP yokubeka iliso kwi-traffic ye-traffic ayiqalisi i-Classic Fault Monitoring System, ekuvumela ukuba wenze imephu yenethiwekhi, ulawule ukufumaneka kwezinto zabo, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, iiperipherals kunye nokunye okuninzi (umzekelo, njengeZabbix).
Emva kokuqonda ukuba yintoni inkqubo yokujonga i-traffic kunye nemisebenzi eyisombululayo, masiqhubele phambili kumbuzo wendlela yokuyisebenzisa kakuhle.
Inyani ecacileyo yeyokuba i-CMT ngokwayo ayinakukwazi ukuqokelela i-Call Flow βngomyalelo wepike.β Ukwenza oku, kuyimfuneko ukuzisa i-traffic ehambelanayo kuzo zonke izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwindawo enye - i-Capture Server. Ke, oko kubhaliweyo kuchaza uphawu lwenkqubo, ebonakaliswa kwimfuno yokuqinisekisa indawo yokuqokelela indawo yokubonisa i-traffic kwaye ivumela ukuba siphendule umbuzo owenziwe ngasentla: ingaba ukusetyenziswa kwe-complex kubonelela ngantoni inethiwekhi esebenzayo okanye ephunyeziweyo.
Ngoko ke, njengomthetho, kunqabile ukuba injineli inokuthi, njengoko bethetha, iphendule ngokukhawuleza umbuzo-kwiyiphi indawo ethile indawo ye-traffic centralization iya kuba okanye ingafumaneka. Ukufumana impendulo engaphezulu okanye engaphantsi, iingcali kufuneka ziqhube uthotho lwezifundo ezinxulumene nohlalutyo olubambekayo lothungelwano lweVoIP. Ngokomzekelo, ukucaciswa kwakhona kokubunjwa kwezixhobo, inkcazo ecacileyo yamanqaku apho ivuliwe, kunye nobuchule kumxholo wokuthumela i-traffic ehambelanayo kwindawo yokuqokelela. Ukongezelela, kuyacaca ukuba impumelelo yokusombulula umcimbi oqwalaselwa ngokuthe ngqo kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokulungelelanisa inethiwekhi yezothutho ye-IP.
Ngenxa yoko, into yokuqala ebonelelwa ngokuphunyezwa kwe-MMT luhlaziyo lothungelwano olufanayo olwakhe lwacwangciswa, kodwa zange lugqitywe. Ewe, umfundi ocingayo uya kuwubuza ngoko nangoko umbuzo - ingaba i-MMT inokwenza ntoni ngayo? Akukho xhulumaniso oluthe ngqo apha kwaye alunakubakho, kodwa ... I-psychology yabantu abaninzi, kuquka abo banxulumene nehlabathi le-IT, ngokuqhelekileyo badla ixesha loluhlobo lwesiganeko ukuba luhambelane nesiganeko esithile. Inzuzo elandelayo ilandela kweyangaphambili kwaye ilele kwinto yokuba nangaphambi kokuba i-CMT isetyenziswe, ii-Agents ze-Capture zifakiwe kwaye ziqwalaselwe, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwemiyalezo ye-RTCP kunikwe amandla, naziphi na iingxaki ezinokufunyanwa zifuna ukungenelela ngokukhawuleza. Ngokomzekelo, kwindawo ethile "i-bottleneck" yenziwe kwaye oku kubonakala ngokucacileyo nangaphandle kwezibalo, ezinokubonelelwa kwakhona yi-SMT ngokusebenzisa idatha enikeziweyo, umzekelo, nge-RTCP.
Ngoku makhe sibuyele kwinkqubo echazwe ngaphambili yokuqokelela imikhondo esiyidinga kakhulu kwaye simomotheka, sikhumbule amazwi eqhawe elifakwe kwi-epigraph yale nxalenye. Isici sayo esibalulekileyo, esingazange siboniswe, kukuba, njengomthetho, ukukhwabanisa okudweliswe kungenziwa ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo ngokwaneleyo, umzekelo, iiNjineli zeCore. Kwelinye icala, uluhlu lwemiba esonjululwe kusetyenziswa umkhondo lusenokubandakanya into ebizwa ngokuba yimisebenzi yesiqhelo. Umzekelo, ukufumanisa isizathu sokuba kutheni i-terminal ingabhaliswanga nomfaki okanye umxhasi. Kwangaxeshanye, kuyacaca ukuba ubuchule obubodwa bokulahla inkunkuma kwiingcali ezichongiweyo bubeka kubo imfuneko yokwenza le misebenzi yemveliso. Oku akunamveliso kuba kuthabatha ixesha ukucombulula eminye imiba ebaluleke ngakumbi.
Ngelo xesha, kwiinkampani ezininzi apho kunqweneleka ukusebenzisa imveliso efana ne-CMT, kukho isebe elikhethekileyo eliluhlu lwemisebenzi olubandakanya ukwenza imisebenzi yesiqhelo ukuze kukhululeke ezinye iingcali - idesksi yenkonzo, idesksi yoncedo okanye inkxaso yobugcisa. Kwakhona, andiyi kukufumanisa umfundi ukuba ndiqaphela ukuba ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kwenethiwekhi, ukufikelela kwiinjineli zenkxaso yezobugcisa kwiindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu akufuneki (nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba akunqatshelwe), kodwa Ngokuchanekileyo ezi ziqalelo zothungelwano eziqulathe eyona mbono inenzuzo ukusuka kwindawo yembono yokulahla. I-SMT, ngenxa yokuba iyindawo esembindini yokuqokelela izithuthi kwaye inojongano olucacileyo noluselubala, inako kakhulu ukusombulula inani leengxaki ezichongiweyo. Umqathango kuphela kukuququzelela ukufikelela kwi-interface ukusuka kwiindawo zokusebenza zeengcali zenkxaso yezobugcisa kwaye, mhlawumbi, ubhale inqaku elisisiseko solwazi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwayo.
Ukuqukumbela, siqaphela ezona mveliso zidumileyo nezinika umdla ngendlela enye okanye enye zenza umsebenzi oxutyushwa ngasentla, kubandakanya: , , , . Ngaphandle kwendlela jikelele yolungiselelo kunye nokusasazwa, ngalinye linama-nuances ayo, amacala avumayo nangalunganga, kwaye onke afanele ukuqwalaselwa ngokwahlukileyo. Eya kuba ngumxholo wezinto ezingaphezulu. Enkosi ngosinaka kwakho!
I-UPD (23.05.2019/XNUMX/XNUMX): kuluhlu olunikeziweyo ekuqukunjelweni, kuyafaneleka ukongeza enye imveliso, umbhali awazi ngayo kutshanje. - ummeli omncinci, ophuhlisayo ovela kwihlabathi leenkqubo zokubeka iliso ze-SIP.
umthombo: www.habr.com