Kunyaka ophelileyo, urhulumente wamkele isicwangciso sokusebenza kwindawo yoKhuseleko loLwazi. Le yinxalenye yenkqubo "yeDigital Economy yeRussian Federation". Ibandakanyiwe kwisicwangciso kwimeko yokuqhawulwa koqhagamshelwano kwiiseva zangaphandle. Amaxwebhu alungiselelwe liqela lamasekela elikhokelwa yintloko yekomiti yeBhunga leFederation, uAndrei Klishas.
Kutheni iRashiya idinga icandelo elizimeleyo lothungelwano lwehlabathi kwaye zeziphi iinjongo ezilandelwa ngababhali beli nyathelo - ngakumbi kwizinto eziphathekayo.
Kutheni kufuneka ityala elinjalo konke konke?
Kwingxelo ye-TASS : "Ithuba liyadalwa ukunciphisa ugqithiselo lwedatha kumazwe angaphandle phakathi kwabasebenzisi baseRussia."
Kuxwebhu malunga nenjongo yokudala i-Runet yokuzimela : “Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwe-Intanethi, inkqubo yesizwe yokufumana ulwazi malunga namagama esizinda kunye (okanye iidilesi zenethiwekhi) yenziwa njengeseti yesoftware edibeneyo kunye nehardware eyenzelwe ukugcina nokufumana ulwazi malunga needilesi zenethiwekhi ngokunxulumene. kumagama esizinda, kubandakanywa nalawo aqukwe kwindawo yelizwe laseRashiya, kunye nogunyaziso xa kusonjululwa amagama esizinda.”
Ababhali bolu xwebhu baqala ukulungiselela umthetho oyilwayo "uthathela ingqalelo ubundlongondlongo beqhinga le-cybersecurity yesizwe yase-US eyamkelwe ngoSeptemba 2018," ebhengeza umgaqo "wokugcina uxolo ngenkani," kunye neRussia, phakathi kwamanye amazwe, " ngokuthe ngqo nangaphandle kobungqina obutyholwa ngokwenza uhlaselo lwe-hacker. "
Ngubani oza kulawula yonke into ukuba umthetho uphunyeziwe?
Umthetho oyilwayo uchaza ukuba ukuseka imithetho yendlela yendlela kunye nokunyanzelisa loo mithetho . Isebe liya kuba noxanduva lokunciphisa umthamo wezithuthi zaseRussia ezidlula kumaziko onxibelelwano angaphandle. Uxanduva lokulawula iziseko zenethiwekhi ye-RuNet kwiimeko ezinzima ziya kunikwa iziko elikhethekileyo. Sele yenziwe kwinkonzo yamaza kanomathotholo ephantsi kweRoskomnadzor.
, ngokutsho kurhulumente, kufuneka idalwe kwiinyanga ezizayo. Kufuneka kubizwe ngokuba "Iziko loLawulo lweNethiwekhi yoNxibelelwano loLuntu". Urhulumente unike iRoskomnadzor unyaka wokuphuhlisa isoftware kunye nezixhobo zehardware zokubeka iliso nokulawula uthungelwano lonxibelelwano loluntu.
Ngubani oza kuhlawulela ntoni kwaye yimalini?
Nababhali bebhili bakufumanisa kunzima ukuthetha ukuba ingakanani i-Runet ezimeleyo eya kuhlawula uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
Ekuqaleni, abameli bezomthetho bathi sithetha malunga ne-2 yezigidigidi zeeruble. Kulo nyaka ababhali . Kamva kwaxelwa ukuba .
Ukuthengwa kwezixhobo eziza kuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwecandelo laseRashiya kuphela kuya kubiza i-ruble ye-21 billion. Malunga neebhiliyoni ezi-5 ziya kuchithwa ekuqokeleleni ulwazi malunga needilesi ze-Intanethi, amanani eenkqubo ezizimeleyo kunye noqhagamshelo phakathi kwazo, iindlela zetrafikhi kwi-Intanethi, kunye nezinye iibhiliyoni ezi-5 ekulawuleni isoftware ekhethekileyo, kunye nophuhliso lwesoftware kunye nehardware eyenzelwe ukuqokelela nokugcina ulwazi. .
Akukacaci ukuba ngubani oza kuhlawula yonke into: mhlawumbi zonke iimali ziya kuvela kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, okanye iziseko ezitsha ziya kwenziwa ngeendleko zabaqhubi be-telecom, abaya kufuneka bafake kwaye bagcine izixhobo zabo ngokwabo.
kuxelwa ukuba "imiba yokusebenza kunye nokuphuculwa kwezi zixhobo azilawulwa, kubandakanywa nenkxaso yemali kwezi nkqubo, kunye noxanduva lomonakalo owenziwe kwimeko yokusilela ekusebenzeni kothungelwano lonxibelelwano olubangelwa kukusebenza. kwezi zibonelelo, kubandakanywa nabantu besithathu. "
Kuphela kumbindi ka-Matshi kunyaka ophelileyo i-Federation Council yaphakamisa . Ngaloo ndlela, olunye uxwebhu lwangeniswa kubameli ukuze baqwalaselwe kunye nokulungiswa kwembuyekezo evela kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweendleko zabaqhubi benkonzo yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuphunyezwa kwayo. Ukongeza, ababoneleli baya kukhululwa kwi-liability yokungaphumeleli kwenethiwekhi kubabhalisi ukuba unobangela woku kusilela sisixhobo esitsha.
"Ekubeni izixhobo zobugcisa ezicwangciswe ukufakwa ziya kuthengwa kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ukugcinwa kwezi zixhobo kufuneka kwakhona kuhlawulwe kwiimali zebhajethi," kusho uSenator uLyudmila Bokova, umbhali-mbhali wezilungiso.
Imali iya kusetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukufaka inkqubo yeDPI (i-Deep Packet Inspection), eyaphuhliswa kwi-RDP.RU. I-Roskomnadzor ikhethe izixhobo kule nkampani emva kokwenza iimvavanyo ezivela kubavelisi abasixhenxe baseRashiya abahlukeneyo.
"Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo kwinethiwekhi ye-Rostelecom kunyaka odlulileyo, inkqubo ye-DPI evela kwi-RDP.RU ifumene, ngoko ke, "ukudlula." Abalawuli babenemibuzo malunga nayo, kodwa iyonke inkqubo iphumelele uvavanyo. Ke ngoko, ayindothusi into yokuba bathathe isigqibo sokwenza uvavanyo kumlinganiselo omkhulu. Kwaye uyisebenzise kuthungelwano lwabasebenzisi abaninzi, ” .
Inkqubo yokusebenza kwesihluzo seDPI ()
Inkqubo yeDPI yinkqubo yesoftware kunye nehardware ehlalutya amacandelo epakethi yedatha edlula kwinethiwekhi. Amalungu epakethi yintloko, indawo ekuyiwa kuyo kunye needilesi zomthumeli, kunye nomzimba. Eli licandelo lokugqibela eliya kuhlalutywa inkqubo yeDPI. Ukuba ngaphambili iRoskomnadzor ijonge kuphela idilesi yendawo, ngoku uhlalutyo lwesiginesha luya kubaluleka. Ukuqulunqwa komzimba wepakethe kuthelekiswa nomgangatho - iphakheji yeTelegram eyaziwayo, umzekelo. Ukuba umdlalo usondele kwenye, ipakethi iyalahlwa.
Eyona nkqubo ilula ye-DPI yokucoca i-traffic ibandakanya:
- Amakhadi womnatha anemodi ye-Bypass, edibanisa ujongano kwinqanaba lokuqala. Nangona amandla omncedisi ayeka ngokukhawuleza, ikhonkco phakathi kwamachweba iyaqhubeka nokusebenza, idlula i-traffic isebenzisa amandla ebhetri.
- Inkqubo yokubeka iliso. Ijonga ukude izikhombisi zenethiwekhi kwaye ibonise kwiscreen.
- Amandla ombane amabini anokutshintshana xa kukho imfuneko.
- Iidiski ezimbini ezinzima, enye okanye ezimbini iprosesa.
Iindleko zenkqubo ye-RDP.RU ayaziwa, kodwa i-DPI yesithili-scale complex inee-routers, ii-hubs, iiseva, iziteshi zonxibelelwano kunye nezinye izinto. Ezo zixhobo azinakuba nexabiso eliphantsi. Kwaye ukuba ucinga ukuba i-DPI idinga ukufakwa ngumboneleli ngamnye (zonke iintlobo zonxibelelwano) kuzo zonke iindawo zonxibelelwano eziphambili kulo lonke ilizwe, ngoko i-ruble ye-20 yezigidigidi ayinakuba ngumda.
Ingaba abasebenzi bonxibelelwano lomnxeba bathatha inxaxheba njani ekuphunyezweni kwalo mthetho uyilwayo?
Abaqhubi baya kuzifakela ngokwabo izixhobo. Bakwanoxanduva lokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa. Kuya kufuneka:
- ukulungelelanisa ukuhanjiswa kwemiyalezo yezonxibelelwano ngesicelo segunya lesigqeba;
- ukusombulula amagama esizinda, sebenzisa iiseva ezisebenza kwintsimi yeRussian Federation;
- ukubonelela ngolwazi kwifom ye-elektroniki malunga needilesi zenethiwekhi zababhalisi kunye nokusebenzisana kwabo nabanye ababhalisi, kunye nolwazi malunga neendlela zemiyalezo yezonxibelelwano kwiqumrhu lesigqeba lesigqeba.
Iqala nini?
Kungekudala. Ekupheleni kuka-Matshi ka-2019, i-Roskomnadzor imema abaqhubi abavela kwi-Big Four ukuba bavavanye i-Runet "yokuzimela." Unxibelelwano lweselula luya kuba luhlobo lovavanyo lokuvavanya "i-Runet yokuzimela" ekusebenzeni. Uvavanyo aluyi kuba lukazwelonke; iimvavanyo ziya kwenziwa kwenye yemimandla yaseRashiya.
Ngethuba leemvavanyo, abaqhubi baya kuvavanya izixhobo ezinzulu zokucoca i-traffic (DPI) eyenziwe yinkampani yaseRashiya i-RDP.RU. Injongo yokuvavanya kukukhangela ukusebenza kombono. Ngelo xesha, abaqhubi be-telecom bacelwa ukuba banikeze iRoskomnadzor ngolwazi malunga nokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yabo. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze ukhethe indawo yokuvavanya kwaye ufumanise . Ummandla uya kukhethwa kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokufumana idatha kubaqhubi.
Izixhobo ze-DPI ziya kwenza ukuba kukwazi ukujonga umgangatho wokuthintela izibonelelo kunye neenkonzo ezinqatshelwe kwi-Russian Federation, kuquka iTelegram. Ngaphezu koko, baya kuvavanya ukukhawulela isantya sokufikelela kwimithombo ethile (umzekelo, i-Facebook kunye neGoogle). Abenzi bomthetho basekhaya abanelisekanga kukuba zombini iinkampani zivelisa isixa esikhulu setrafikhi ngaphandle kokutyala nantoni na ekuphuhliseni iziseko zonxibelelwano zaseRashiya. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba yi-traffic priority.
“Usebenzisa i-DPI, unokubeka phambili ngempumelelo itrafikhi kwaye unciphise isantya sokufikelela kuYouTube okanye kuso nasiphi na esinye isixhobo. Ngo-2009-2010, xa ukuthandwa kwee-trackers kusanda, abaninzi abasebenzisa i-telecom bazibekela i-DPI ngokuchanekileyo ukuze baqaphele ukugcwala kwe-p2p kunye nokunciphisa isantya sokukhuphela kwimilambo, kuba amajelo onxibelelwano awakwazanga ukumelana nomthwalo onjalo. Ke abaqhubi sele benamava okunciphisa iintlobo ezithile zetrafikhi, utshilo umphathi weDiphost uPhilip Kulin.
Bubuphi ubunzima kunye neengxaki iprojekthi enazo?
Ukongeza kwiindleko eziphezulu zeprojekthi, kukho ezinye iingxaki ezininzi. Eyona nto iphambili kukungabikho kophuhliso loxwebhu "kwi-RuNet yokuzimela" ngokwayo. Abathathi-nxaxheba beemarike kunye neengcali zithetha ngale nto. Amanqaku amaninzi awacacanga, kwaye amanye awachazwanga kwaphela (njengoko, umzekelo, umthombo wemali yokuphumeza izibonelelo zomthetho oyilwayo).
Ukuba, xa usungula inkqubo entsha, abaqhubi bahlangabezana neengxaki, oko kukuthi, i-Intanethi iphazamisekile, ngoko urhulumente uya kufuneka ahlawule abaqhubi malunga ne-124 yezigidigidi zeeruble ngonyaka. Le yimali enkulu yebhajethi yaseRashiya.
Umongameli weRussian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (RSPP), uAlexander Shokhin, wada wathumela ileta kwiState Duma Somlomo uVyacheslav Volodin, apho wabonisa ukuba. .
umthombo: www.habr.com