Ngaba kunzima ukuqonda ingongoma ephambili xa uthetha nge-DevOps? Sikuqokelelele izifaniso ezicacileyo, iifomula ezimangalisayo kunye neengcebiso ezivela kwiingcali eziya kunceda nabo bangezongcali ukuba bafikelele kwinqanaba. Ekugqibeleni, ibhonasi yi-DevOps yabasebenzi be-Red Hat.
Igama elithi DevOps livela kwiminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo kwaye lihambile kwi-hashtag ye-Twitter ukuya kwintshukumo yenkcubeko enamandla kwihlabathi le-IT, ifilosofi yokwenene ekhuthaza abaphuhlisi ukuba benze izinto ngokukhawuleza, ukuzama, kunye nokuphindaphinda phambili. I-DevOps iye yadibaniswa ngokungenakuphikiswa kunye nombono wokuguqulwa kwedijithali. Kodwa njengoko kusenzeka rhoqo ngesigama se-IT, kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo i-DevOps ifumene iinkcazo ezininzi, ukutolika kunye nokungaqondi kakuhle ngayo.
Ke ngoko, unokuhlala ukuva imibuzo malunga ne-DevOps efana, ngaba iyafana ne-agile? Okanye ngaba le yindlela ekhethekileyo? Okanye ngaba sesinye isithethantonye segama elithi “intsebenziswano”?
I-DevOps ibandakanya iikhonsepthi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo (unikezelo oluqhubekayo, ukudibanisa okuqhubekayo, ukuzenzekelayo, njl.), ke ukukhupha into ebalulekileyo kunokuba ngumngeni, ngakumbi xa unomdla malunga nesifundo. Nangona kunjalo, obu buchule buluncedo kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba uzama ukudlulisela izimvo zakho kubaphathi bakho okanye uxelela nje umntu ovela kusapho lwakho okanye abahlobo ngomsebenzi wakho. Ke ngoko, masibeke ecaleni ii-nuances zesigama se-DevOps okwangoku kwaye sigxile kumfanekiso omkhulu.
Yintoni i-DevOps: Iingcaciso ezi-6 kunye nokulinganisa
Sicele iingcali ukuba zichaze undoqo we-DevOps ngokulula nangokufutshane ukuze ixabiso layo licace kubafundi ngalo naliphi na inqanaba lolwazi lobugcisa. Ngokusekwe kwiziphumo zezi ncoko, sikhethe ezona zifaniso zinomtsalane kunye neendlela ezimangalisayo eziya kukunceda wakhe ibali lakho malunga neDevOps.
1. I-DevOps yintshukumo yenkcubeko
"I-DevOps yintshukumo yenkcubeko apho omabini amaqela (abaphuhlisi besoftware kunye neengcali zokusebenza kwenkqubo ye-IT) baqaphela ukuba isoftware ayizisi nzuzo yokwenyani de umntu aqale ukuyisebenzisa: abathengi, abathengi, abasebenzi, hayi inqaku, utshilo u-Eveline Oehrlich, uphando oluphezulu. umhlalutyi kwi-DevOps Institute. "Ke ngoko, omabini la maqela ngokudibeneyo aqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwesoftware ngokukhawuleza kunye nomgangatho ophezulu."
2. I-DevOps imalunga nokuxhobisa abaphuhlisi.
"I-DevOps ixhobisa abaphuhlisi ukuba babe ngabanini bezicelo, baziqhube, kwaye balawule ukuhanjiswa ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni."
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-DevOps ithethwa njengendlela yokukhawulezisa ukuhanjiswa kwezicelo kwimveliso ngokwakha nokuphumeza iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo, "kusho uJai Schniepp, umlawuli wee-platforms ze-DevOps kwinkampani yomshuwalense uLiberty Mutual. "Kodwa kum yinto ebaluleke kakhulu." I-DevOps ixhobisa abaphuhlisi ukuba babe ngabanini bezicelo okanye iziqwenga ezithile zesoftware, ziqhube, kwaye zilawule ukuhanjiswa kwazo ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni. I-DevOps iphelisa ukubhideka koxanduva kwaye ikhokela wonke umntu obandakanyekayo ekudaleni isiseko esizenzekelayo, esiqhutywa ngabaphuhlisi.
3. I-DevOps imalunga nentsebenziswano ekudaleni nasekuhambiseni izicelo.
"Ukubeka nje, i-DevOps yindlela yokuvelisa isoftware kunye nokuhanjiswa apho wonke umntu esebenza kunye," utshilo uGur Staf, umongameli kunye nentloko ye-automation yedijithali kwi-BMC.
4. I-DevOps ngumbhobho
"Indibano yeConveyor inokwenzeka kuphela ukuba onke amalungu ayadibana."
"Ndiza kuthelekisa i-DevOps kumgca wokuhlanganisa imoto," kuqhubeka uGur Staff. -Ingcamango kukuyila kunye nokwenza zonke iinxalenye kwangaphambili ukuze emva koko zihlanganiswe ngaphandle kohlengahlengiso lomntu. Udibaniso lweConveyor lunokwenzeka kuphela ukuba onke amalungu ayadibana. Abo bayila kunye nokwakha injini kufuneka baqwalasele indlela yokuyixhoma emzimbeni okanye kwifreyimu. Abo benza iziqhoboshi kufuneka bacinge ngamavili, njalo njalo. Oku kufanele kube yinyani ngesoftware.
Umphuhlisi odala ingqiqo yezoshishino okanye ujongano lomsebenzisi kufuneka acinge malunga nedathabheyisi egcina ulwazi lwabathengi, amanyathelo okhuseleko ukukhusela idatha yomsebenzisi, kunye nokuba konke oku kuya kusebenza njani xa inkonzo iqala ukukhonza abaphulaphuli abaninzi, mhlawumbi nezigidi zezigidi zeedola. ."
“Ukwenza abantu basebenzisane kwaye bacinge ngamalungu omsebenzi owenziwa ngabanye, endaweni yokugxila kwimisebenzi yabo kuphela, ngowona mqobo mkhulu ekufuneka woyiswe. Ukuba ungayenza le nto, unethuba elihle lokutshintsha kwedijithali, ”wongeza uGur Staff.
5. I-DevOps yinhlanganisela efanelekileyo yabantu, iinkqubo kunye ne-automation
UJayne Groll, umlawuli olawulayo we-DevOps Institute, wanikela ngokufaniswa okukhulu ukuchaza i-DevOps. Ngamazwi akhe, "I-DevOps ifana neresiphi enamacandelo amathathu aphambili ezithako: abantu, inkqubo kunye ne-automation. Uninzi lwezi zithako zinokuthathwa kwezinye iindawo kunye nemithombo: I-Lean, i-Agile, i-SRE, i-CI / CD, i-ITIL, ubunkokeli, inkcubeko, izixhobo. Imfihlo kwi-DevOps, njengayo nayiphi na iresiphi elungileyo, yindlela yokufumana umlinganiselo ochanekileyo kunye nokuxuba kwezi zithako ukwandisa isantya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokudala kunye nokukhulula izicelo.
6. I-DevOps kuxa abadwelisi beprogram basebenza njengeqela leFomula 1
"Ugqatso alucwangciswanga ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo, ukusuka ekugqibeleni ukuya ekuqaleni."
"Xa ndithetha malunga nokulindela kwi-DevOps initiative, ndicinga nge-NASCAR okanye i-Formula 1 iqela lokugijima njengomzekelo," kusho uChris Short, umphathi ophezulu we-cloud platform marketing kwi-Red Hat kunye nomshicileli we-newsletter ye-DevOps'ish. - Inkokeli yeqela elinjalo inenjongo enye: ukuthatha indawo ephezulu kakhulu ekupheleni kogqatso, ngokuqwalasela izibonelelo ezikhoyo kwiqela kunye nemingeni eyenzeka kuyo. Kule meko, ugqatso alucetywanga ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo, ukususela ekupheleni ukuya ekuqaleni. Okokuqala, kumiselwa injongo yamabhongo, kuze ke kumiselwe iindlela zokuyifeza. Emva koko zahlulahlulwe zibe zii-subtasks kwaye zinikezelwe kumalungu eqela. ”
“Iqela lichitha iveki yonke phambi kokuba umdyarho ugqibezele indawo yokumisa umngxuma. Wenza amandla kunye noqeqesho lwe-cardio ukuze ahlale emile ngosuku olunzima lomdyarho. Ziqhelise ukusebenza kunye ukusombulula naziphi na iingxaki ezinokuvela ngexesha logqatso. Ngokunjalo, iqela lophuhliso kufuneka liqeqeshe isakhono sokukhupha iinguqulelo ezintsha rhoqo. Ukuba unezakhono ezinjalo kunye nenkqubo yokhuseleko esebenza kakuhle, ukuqaliswa kweenguqulelo ezintsha kwimveliso kwenzeka rhoqo. Kulo mbono wehlabathi, ukunyuka kwesantya kuthetha ukonyuka kokhuseleko,” utsho uMfutshane.
“Akukokwenza ‘into elungileyo,’” uMfutshane wongezelela, “kukususa izinto ezininzi kangangoko eziphazamisa umphumo ofunekayo. Sebenzisana kwaye ulungelelanise ngokusekelwe kwingxelo oyifumanayo ngexesha lokwenyani. Zilungiselele izinto ezingaqhelekanga kwaye usebenzele ukuphucula umgangatho ukunciphisa impembelelo yazo kwinkqubela phambili kwinjongo yakho. Oku kusilindele kwihlabathi le-DevOps. "
Indlela yokulinganisa i-DevOps: Iingcebiso ezili-10 ezivela kwiingcali
Kuphela kukuba i-DevOps kunye nee-DevOps ezininzi zizinto ezahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Siza kukuxelela indlela yokunqoba izithintelo endleleni ukusuka kweyokuqala ukuya kweyesibini.
Kwimibutho emininzi, uhambo oluya kwi-DevOps luqala ngokulula kwaye lumnandi. Amaqela amancinci anomdla adalwe, iinkqubo ezindala zitshintshwa zibe zintsha, kwaye impumelelo yokuqala ayikude.
Yeha, le yi-glitz yobuxoki, inkohliso yenkqubela phambili, utshilo uBen Grinnell, umlawuli olawulayo kunye nentloko yedijithali kumnxibelelanisi weNorth Highland. Ukuphumelela kwangethuba ngokuqinisekileyo kuyakhuthaza, kodwa akuncedi ukufikelela eyona njongo yokwamkelwa ngokubanzi kweeDevOps kumbutho wonke.
Kulula ukubona ukuba umphumo yinkcubeko yokwahlukana phakathi kuka "thina" kunye "nabo".
"Ngokuqhelekileyo, imibutho isungula ezi projekthi zobuvulindlela zicinga ukuba ziya kuvula indlela ye-DevOps eqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ukuba abanye baya kukwazi okanye bazimisele ukulandela loo ndlela," kuchaza uBen Grinnell. - Amaqela okuphumeza iiprojekthi ezinjalo ahlala aqeshwe kwi-"Varangians" yokuzithemba esele enze into efanayo kwezinye iindawo, kodwa intsha kwintlangano yakho. Ngelo xesha, bakhuthazwa ukuba baphule kwaye batshabalalise imigaqo ehlala ibophelela kuwo wonke umntu. Kulula ukubona ukuba umphumo yinkcubeko "yethu" kunye "nabo" ethintela ukudluliselwa kolwazi kunye nezakhono.
“Kwaye le ngxaki yenkcubeko sesinye sezizathu zokuba iDevOps kube nzima ukuyilinganisa. Amaqela e-DevOps ajongene nemingeni eyongeziweyo yezobugcisa eziqhelekileyo kwiinkampani ezikhula ngokukhawuleza ze-IT-first, "kusho uSteve Newman, umsunguli kunye nosihlalo we-Scalyr.
“Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, iinkonzo ziyatshintsha ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba kukho imfuneko. Kuhle ukuphumeza rhoqo kunye nokuphumeza iimpawu ezintsha, kodwa ukulungelelanisa le nkqubo kunye nokuphelisa iingxaki ezivelayo yintloko yokwenyani, wongeza uSteve Newman. -Kwimibutho ekhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, iinjineli kumaqela asebenza ngokunqamlezileyo ziyasokola ukugcina ukubonakala kutshintsho kunye neziphumo zokuxhomekeka kwinqanaba le-cascading elizenzayo. Ngaphezu koko, iinjineli azivuyi xa zivinjwa eli thuba yaye, ngenxa yoko, kuba nzima ngakumbi kuzo ukuqonda oyena ndoqo weengxaki ezivelayo.”
Uyoyisa njani le mingeni ichazwe ngasentla kwaye uye kulwamkelo oluninzi lwe-DevOps kumbutho omkhulu? Iingcali zikhuthaza umonde, nokuba eyona njongo yakho kukukhawulezisa umjikelo wophuhliso lwesoftware kunye neenkqubo zoshishino.
1. Khumbula ukuba utshintsho lwenkcubeko luthatha ixesha.
UJayne Groll, uMlawuli oyiNtloko, iZiko le-DevOps: "Ngokoluvo lwam, ukwandiswa kwee-DevOps kufuneka kunyuke kwaye kuphindaphindeke njengophuhliso oludala (kwaye luchukumise ngokulinganayo kwinkcubeko). I-Agile kunye ne-DevOps igxininisa amaqela amancinci. Kodwa njengoko la maqela ekhula ngenani kunye nokudityaniswa, siphela sinabantu abaninzi abasebenzisa iindlela ezintsha zokusebenza, kwaye ngenxa yoko kukho inguqu enkulu yenkcubeko. ”
2. Chitha ixesha elaneleyo lokucwangcisa kunye nokukhetha iqonga
U-Eran Kinsbruner, uMvangeli weNkokeli yobuGcisa ePerfecto: “Ukuze kunyuswe umsebenzi, amaqela eDevOps kufuneka aqale afunde ukudibanisa iinkqubo zemveli, izixhobo, kunye nezakhono, emva koko akhulise kancinci kwaye azinzise isigaba ngasinye seDevOps. Konke kuqala ngokucwangciswa ngononophelo kwamabali abasebenzisi kunye nemisinga yexabiso, kulandelwa kukubhala isoftware kunye nolawulo lwenguqulelo usebenzisa uphuhliso olusekwe kwi-trunk okanye ezinye iindlela ezifanelene kakhulu nekhowudi yokudibanisa kunye nokudibanisa. "
“Emva koko kuza inqanaba lokudityaniswa kunye novavanyo, apho iqonga elinokwehla le-automation sele lifuneka. Kulapho kubalulekile ukuba amaqela e-DevOps akhethe iqonga elifanelekileyo elihambelana nenqanaba labo lobuchule kunye neenjongo zokugqibela zeprojekthi.
Inqanaba elilandelayo kukusasazwa kwimveliso kwaye oku kufuneka kuzenzekele ngokupheleleyo kusetyenziswa izixhobo zeokhestra kunye nezikhongozeli. Kubalulekile ukuba ube neendawo ezibonakalayo kuzo zonke izigaba ze-DevOps (i-simulator yokuvelisa, indawo ye-QA, kunye nemeko yangempela yokuvelisa) kwaye uhlale usebenzisa kuphela idatha yamva nje kwiimvavanyo zokufumana izigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Uhlalutyo kufuneka lulumke kwaye lukwazi ukuseta idatha enkulu ngempendulo ekhawulezayo nenokwenzeka. ”
3. Khupha ubutyala eluxanduva.
UGordon Haff, uMvangeli weRedHat: "Ukwenza inkqubo kunye nomoya ovumela kwaye ukhuthaze ulinge kuvumela oko kwaziwa njengokusilela okuyimpumelelo kuphuhliso lwesoftware. Oku akuthethi ukuba akakho omnye umntu onoxanduva lokungaphumeleli. Enyanisweni, ukuchonga ukuba ngubani onoxanduva kuba lula ngakumbi, ekubeni “ukuba nembopheleleko” akusathethi “ukudala ingozi.” Oko kukuthi, ingundoqo yoxanduva iyatshintsha ngokomgangatho. Zine izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu: ubungakanani bokuphazamiseka, iindlela, iinkqubo zemveliso kunye nenkuthazo. (Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nezi zinto kwinqaku likaGordon Huff elithi "Izifundo ze-DevOps: imiba ye-4 yovavanyo oluphilileyo.")
4. Coca indlela eya phambili
UBen Grinnell, umlawuli olawulayo kunye nentloko yedijithali kumcebisi kuMntla Highland: Ukufezekisa isikali, ndincoma ukusungula inkqubo “yokucoca indlela” kunye neeprojekthi zobuvulindlela. Injongo yale nkqubo kukucoca inkunkuma eshiywa ngoovulindlela beDevOps, njengemithetho ephelelwe lixesha nezinto ezinjalo, ukuze indlela eya phambili ihlale icacile. ”
“Nika abantu inkxaso yombutho kunye nomfutho ngonxibelelwano oludlulela ngaphaya kweqela loovulindlela ngokubhiyozela ngokubanzi impumelelo yeendlela ezintsha zokusebenza. Ukuqeqesha abantu ababandakanyekayo kwiprojekthi elandelayo ye-DevOps kwaye banoloyiko malunga nokusebenzisa i-DevOps okokuqala. Yaye khumbula ukuba aba bantu bahluke gqitha koovulindlela.”
5. Demokhrasi izixhobo
USteve Newman, umseki kunye nosihlalo weScalyr: “Izixhobo azifanele zifihlwe ebantwini, kwaye zimele zibe lula ukuzifunda kuye nabani na ozimisele ukulisebenzisa ixesha. Ukuba ukukwazi ukubuza iilogi kuthintelwe kubantu abathathu "abaqinisekisiweyo" ukuba basebenzise isixhobo, uya kuhlala unabantu abathathu abakhoyo ukujongana nale ngxaki, nokuba unendawo enkulu kakhulu yekhompyuter. Ngamanye amazwi, kukho umqobo apha onokuthi ukhokelele kwiziphumo ezibi (zeshishini).”
6. Yenza iimeko ezifanelekileyo zomsebenzi weqela
UTom Clark, intloko yePlatform eqhelekileyo kwi-ITV: “Ungenza nantoni na, kodwa hayi yonke ngaxeshanye. Ngoko zibekele usukelo olukhulu, qala kancinane, kwaye uye phambili ngokuphindaphinda ngokukhawuleza. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uya kuzenzela igama ngokwenza izinto, ngoko abanye baya kufuna ukusebenzisa iindlela zakho. Kwaye ungakhathazeki ngokwakha iqela elisebenza kakhulu. Endaweni yoko, bonelela abantu ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kuya kulandela. ”
7. Musa ukulibala malunga noMthetho kaConway kunye neebhodi zeKanban
U-Logan Daigle, uMlawuli woNikezelo lweSoftware kunye neSicwangciso seDevOps kwiCollabNetVersionOne: “Kubalulekile ukuqonda imiphumo yoMthetho kaConway. Kwi-paraphrase yam, lo mthetho uthi iimveliso esizidalayo kunye neenkqubo esizisebenzisayo ukwenza oko, kubandakanya i-DevOps, zivela zakhiwe ngendlela efanayo nombutho wethu. "
"Ukuba zininzi iisilos kumbutho, kwaye ulawulo lutshintsha izandla amaxesha amaninzi xa ucwangcisa, ukwakhiwa kunye nokukhupha isoftware, isiphumo sokulinganisa siya kuba ngu-zero okanye ixesha elifutshane. Ukuba umbutho wakha amaqela asebenza ngokudibeneyo malunga neemveliso ezixhaswa ngemali ngokugxila kwintengiso, ke amathuba okuphumelela anda kakhulu. ”
"Omnye umba obalulekileyo wokulinganisa kukubonisa wonke umsebenzi oqhubekayo (i-WIP, i-workinprogress) kwiibhodi ze-Kanban. Xa umbutho unendawo apho abantu banokuzibona khona ezi zinto, ikhuthaza kakhulu intsebenziswano, nto leyo enempembelelo entle ekunyuseni umgangatho.”
8. Khangela amanxeba amadala
UManuel Pais, umcebisi weDevOps kunye nombhali weqela leTopologies: “Ukuthatha iinkqubo zeDevOps ngaphaya kweDev kunye ne-Ops ngokwayo kwaye uzama ukuzisebenzisa kweminye imisebenzi ayisiyondlela ilungileyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo oku kuya kuba nempembelelo ethile (umzekelo, ngolawulo oluzenzekelayo), kodwa kuninzi okunokufezekiswa ukuba siqala ngokuqonda iinkqubo zonikezelo nengxelo.”
"Ukuba kukho amanxeba amadala kwinkqubo ye-IT yombutho - iinkqubo kunye neendlela zokulawula eziye zaphunyezwa ngenxa yeziganeko zexesha elidlulileyo, kodwa ziphulukene nokubaluleka kwazo (ngenxa yokutshintsha kweemveliso, iteknoloji okanye iinkqubo) - ngoko ke kufuneka zisuswe. okanye ilungiswe, endaweni yokuzenzela iinkqubo ezingasebenziyo okanye ezingeyomfuneko.”
9. Musa ukuzala iinketho ze-DevOps
Anthony Edwards, uMlawuli weMisebenzi kwi-Eggplant: “I-DevOps ligama elingacacanga, ke iqela ngalinye ligqibezela inguqulelo yalo yeDevOps. Kwaye akukho nto imbi ngakumbi xa umbutho ngokukhawuleza uneentlobo ze-20 ze-DevOps ezingahambelani kakuhle. Akunakwenzeka ukuba iqela ngalinye lamaqela amathathu ophuhliso libe nezalo, ujongano olukhethekileyo phakathi kophuhliso kunye nolawulo lwemveliso. Kananjalo akufuneki ukuba iimveliso zibe nezazo ezilindelekileyo ezizodwa zokuphatha ingxelo xa zigqithiselwa kwisilingisi semveliso. Ngaphandle koko, awusoze ukwazi ukukala i-DevOps. "
10. Shumayela ixabiso leshishini le-DevOps
USteve Newman, umseki kunye nosihlalo weScalyr: "Sebenzela ukuqaphela ixabiso le-DevOps. Funda kwaye uzive ukhululekile ukuthetha ngeenzuzo zento oyenzayo. I-DevOps lixesha elimangalisayo kunye nomgcini wemali (cinga nje: ixesha elincinci lokuphumla, lifutshane lithetha ixesha lokubuyisela), kwaye amaqela e-DevOps kufuneka agxininise ngokungakhathali (kwaye ashumayele) ukubaluleka kwala manyathelo kwimpumelelo yeshishini. Ngale ndlela unokwandisa isangqa sabalandeli kwaye wandise impembelelo ye-DevOps kumbutho. ”
BONUS
phezu I-DevOps yethu iya kufika nge-13 kaSeptemba - ewe, i-Red Hat, njengomvelisi wesoftware, inamaqela ayo e-DevOps kunye nezenzo.
Unjineli wethu uMark Birger, ophuhlisa iinkonzo zangaphakathi ezizenzekelayo kwamanye amaqela kulo lonke umbutho, uya kubalisa ibali lakhe ngesiRashiya esisulungekileyo-indlela iqela leRed Hat DevOps elizifuduse ngayo izicelo lisuka kwindawo yeHat Virtualization elawulwa yiAnsible ukuya kwifomati yesikhongozelo esigcwele ngokupheleleyo. iqonga le-OpenShift.
Kodwa akuphelelanga apho:
Nje ukuba imibutho ihambise imithwalo yomsebenzi kwizikhongozeli, iindlela zokubeka iliso zesiqhelo zesicelo zinokungasebenzi. Kwintetho yesibini siza kucacisa inkuthazo yethu yokutshintsha indlela yokuloga kwaye sibonise ukuqhubeka kwendlela eyasikhokelela kwiindlela zale mihla zokugawula nokubeka iliso.
umthombo: www.habr.com