Hayi Habr!
Kutshanje kuye kwavela inqaku apha apho ingxaki efanayo yasonjululwa kusetyenziswa iindlela zefosili. Kwaye nangona umsebenzi uqhelekile ngokupheleleyo, akukho nto ifana nayo kuHabré. Ndinobuganga bokunikezela ngebhayisekile yam kuluntu oluhlonitshwayo lwe-IT.
Le ayisiyobhayisekile yokuqala yomsebenzi onjalo. Inketho yokuqala yaphunyezwa kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo emva iyenzeka uguqulelo 1.x.x. Ibhayisekile yayingafane isetyenziswe kwaye ngenxa yoko yayihlala inomhlwa. Ngengqiqo yokuba umsebenzi ngokwawo awuveli rhoqo njengoko iinguqulelo zihlaziywa iyenzeka. Kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha kufuneka uqhube, ikhonkco liyawa okanye ivili liyawa. Nangona kunjalo, inxalenye yokuqala, ukuvelisa i-configs, ihlala isebenza ngokucacileyo, ngethamsanqa ijinja2 I-injini imiselwe ixesha elide. Kodwa icandelo lesibini - ukuqengqeleka koqwalaselo - lidla ngokuzisa izinto ezothusayo. Kwaye ekubeni kufuneka ndikhuphe uqwalaselo ukude ukuya kwisiqingatha sezixhobo ezilikhulu, ezinye zazo zibekwe kumawaka eekhilomitha kude, ukusebenzisa esi sixhobo bekukruqula kancinci.
Apha kufuneka ndivume ukuba ukungaqiniseki kwam kuxhomekeke ekungaqhelani kwam iyenzekangaphezu kweentsilelo zayo. Kwaye oku, ngendlela, inqaku elibalulekileyo. iyenzeka ihluke ngokupheleleyo, indawo yayo yolwazi kunye ne-DSL yayo (i-Domain Specific Language), ekufuneka igcinwe kwinqanaba lokuzithemba. Kulungile, ngaloo mzuzu iyenzeka Ikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ngokukodwa ukuhambelana okusemva, ayongezi ukuzithemba.
Ngoko ke, kungekudala inguqulelo yesibini yebhayisikile yaphunyezwa. Ngeli xesha python, okanye endaweni yoko kwisakhelo esibhaliweyo python kwaye python phantsi kwegama
Ngoko- Nornir yimicroframework ebhalwe ngaphakathi python kwaye python kwaye yenzelwe i-automation. Kuyafana nakwimeko nge iyenzeka, ukusombulula iingxaki apha, ukulungiswa kwedatha efanelekileyo kuyadingeka, okt. uluhlu lweenginginya kunye neeparamitha zazo, kodwa izikripthi azibhalwanga kwi-DSL eyahlukileyo, kodwa ngendlela enye engendala kakhulu, kodwa ilunge kakhulu p[i|i] ton.
Makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni esebenzisa lo mzekelo uphilayo ulandelayo.
Ndinamasebe onxibelelwano aneeofisi ezininzi kwilizwe lonke. Iofisi nganye inomzila we-WAN ophelisa amajelo onxibelelwano amaninzi avela kubaqhubi abahlukeneyo. Umgaqo olandelwayo yi BGP. Iirotha ze-WAN ziza kwiindidi ezimbini: iCisco ISG okanye iJuniper SRX.
Ngoku umsebenzi: kufuneka uqwalasele i-subnet ezinikeleyo ye-Video Surveillance kwizibuko elahlukileyo kuzo zonke iirutha ze-WAN zothungelwano lwesebe - bhengeza le subnet kwi-BGP - qwalasela umda wesantya sezibuko elizinikeleyo.
Okokuqala, kufuneka silungiselele iitemplates ezimbalwa, ngesiseko apho ulungelelwaniso luya kuveliswa ngokwahlukileyo kwiCisco kunye neJuniper. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela idatha kwinqaku ngalinye kunye neeparitha zokudibanisa, oko kukuthi. qokelela uluhlu olufanayo
Itemplate elungele iCisco:
$ cat templates/ios/base.j2
class-map match-all VIDEO_SURV
match access-group 111
policy-map VIDEO_SURV
class VIDEO_SURV
police 1500000 conform-action transmit exceed-action drop
interface {{ host.task_data.ifname }}
description VIDEOSURV
ip address 10.10.{{ host.task_data.ipsuffix }}.254 255.255.255.0
service-policy input VIDEO_SURV
router bgp {{ host.task_data.asn }}
network 10.40.{{ host.task_data.ipsuffix }}.0 mask 255.255.255.0
access-list 11 permit 10.10.{{ host.task_data.ipsuffix }}.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 111 permit ip 10.10.{{ host.task_data.ipsuffix }}.0 0.0.0.255 anyIthempleyithi yeJuniper:
$ cat templates/junos/base.j2
set interfaces {{ host.task_data.ifname }} unit 0 description "Video surveillance"
set interfaces {{ host.task_data.ifname }} unit 0 family inet filter input limit-in
set interfaces {{ host.task_data.ifname }} unit 0 family inet address 10.10.{{ host.task_data.ipsuffix }}.254/24
set policy-options policy-statement export2bgp term 1 from route-filter 10.10.{{ host.task_data.ipsuffix }}.0/24 exact
set security zones security-zone WAN interfaces {{ host.task_data.ifname }}
set firewall policer policer-1m if-exceeding bandwidth-limit 1m
set firewall policer policer-1m if-exceeding burst-size-limit 187k
set firewall policer policer-1m then discard
set firewall policer policer-1.5m if-exceeding bandwidth-limit 1500000
set firewall policer policer-1.5m if-exceeding burst-size-limit 280k
set firewall policer policer-1.5m then discard
set firewall filter limit-in term 1 then policer policer-1.5m
set firewall filter limit-in term 1 then count limiterIzifanekiso, ngokuqinisekileyo, aziphumi emoyeni. Ezi ngokuyimfuneko ziyahluka phakathi kolungelelwaniso olusebenzayo olwalukho kwaye lwalusemva kokusombulula umsebenzi kwiirutha ezimbini ezikhethekileyo zeemodeli ezahlukeneyo.
Ukusuka kwiitemplates zethu sibona ukuba ukusombulula ingxaki, sifuna kuphela iiparitha ezimbini zeJuniper kunye ne-3 parameters yeCisco. nazi:
- ifname
- isimamva
- uAnn
Ngoku kufuneka sibeke ezi parameters kwisixhobo ngasinye, okt. yenza kwaloo nto inye Lweencwadi.
kuba Lweencwadi Siya kulandela ngokungqongqo amaxwebhu
oko kukuthi, makhe ifayile efanayo skeleton:
.
├── config.yaml
├── inventory
│ ├── defaults.yaml
│ ├── groups.yaml
│ └── hosts.yamlIfayile ye-config.yaml yifayile yoqwalaselo eqhelekileyo ye-nornir
$ cat config.yaml
---
core:
num_workers: 10
inventory:
plugin: nornir.plugins.inventory.simple.SimpleInventory
options:
host_file: "inventory/hosts.yaml"
group_file: "inventory/groups.yaml"
defaults_file: "inventory/defaults.yaml"Siza kubonisa iiparameters eziphambili kwifayile iinginginya.yaml, iqela (kwimeko yam ezi ngamagama okungena/amagama okugqithisa) ngaphakathi amaqela.yaml, kunye okungagqibekanga.yaml Asiyi kubonisa nantoni na, kodwa kufuneka ufake iminus emithathu apho - ebonisa ukuba kunjalo yaml ifayile ayinanto nangona.
Nantsi indlela i-hosts.yaml ekhangeleka ngayo:
---
srx-test:
hostname: srx-test
groups:
- juniper
data:
task_data:
ifname: fe-0/0/2
ipsuffix: 111
cisco-test:
hostname: cisco-test
groups:
- cisco
data:
task_data:
ifname: GigabitEthernet0/1/1
ipsuffix: 222
asn: 65111Kwaye nanga amaqela.yaml:
---
cisco:
platform: ios
username: admin1
password: cisco1
juniper:
platform: junos
username: admin2
password: juniper2Kwenzeka oku Lweencwadi ngomsebenzi wethu. Ngexesha lokuqaliswa, iiparameters ezivela kwiifayile ze-inventri zifakwe kwimodeli yento InventoryElement.
Ngezantsi kwe-spoiler ngumzobo wemodeli ye-InventoryElement
print(json.dumps(InventoryElement.schema(), indent=4))
{
"title": "InventoryElement",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"hostname": {
"title": "Hostname",
"type": "string"
},
"port": {
"title": "Port",
"type": "integer"
},
"username": {
"title": "Username",
"type": "string"
},
"password": {
"title": "Password",
"type": "string"
},
"platform": {
"title": "Platform",
"type": "string"
},
"groups": {
"title": "Groups",
"default": [],
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "string"
}
},
"data": {
"title": "Data",
"default": {},
"type": "object"
},
"connection_options": {
"title": "Connection_Options",
"default": {},
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": {
"$ref": "#/definitions/ConnectionOptions"
}
}
},
"definitions": {
"ConnectionOptions": {
"title": "ConnectionOptions",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"hostname": {
"title": "Hostname",
"type": "string"
},
"port": {
"title": "Port",
"type": "integer"
},
"username": {
"title": "Username",
"type": "string"
},
"password": {
"title": "Password",
"type": "string"
},
"platform": {
"title": "Platform",
"type": "string"
},
"extras": {
"title": "Extras",
"type": "object"
}
}
}
}
}Lo mzekelo unokubonakala udidekile, ngakumbi ekuqaleni. Ukuze uyiqikelele, imowudi yonxibelelwano ngaphakathi ipython.
$ ipython3
Python 3.6.9 (default, Nov 7 2019, 10:44:02)
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 7.1.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.
In [1]: from nornir import InitNornir
In [2]: nr = InitNornir(config_file="config.yaml", dry_run=True)
In [3]: nr.inventory.hosts
Out[3]:
{'srx-test': Host: srx-test, 'cisco-test': Host: cisco-test}
In [4]: nr.inventory.hosts['srx-test'].data
Out[4]: {'task_data': {'ifname': 'fe-0/0/2', 'ipsuffix': 111}}
In [5]: nr.inventory.hosts['srx-test']['task_data']
Out[5]: {'ifname': 'fe-0/0/2', 'ipsuffix': 111}
In [6]: nr.inventory.hosts['srx-test'].platform
Out[6]: 'junos'
Kwaye ekugqibeleni, masiqhubele phambili kwiskripthi ngokwaso. Andinanto endinokuzingca ngayo apha. Ndithathe nje umzekelo owenziweyo kwaye wayisebenzisa phantse ingatshintshanga. Nantsi indlela iskripthi esigqityiweyo esijongeka ngayo:
from nornir import InitNornir
from nornir.plugins.tasks import networking, text
from nornir.plugins.functions.text import print_title, print_result
def config_and_deploy(task):
# Transform inventory data to configuration via a template file
r = task.run(task=text.template_file,
name="Base Configuration",
template="base.j2",
path=f"templates/{task.host.platform}")
# Save the compiled configuration into a host variable
task.host["config"] = r.result
# Save the compiled configuration into a file
with open(f"configs/{task.host.hostname}", "w") as f:
f.write(r.result)
# Deploy that configuration to the device using NAPALM
task.run(task=networking.napalm_configure,
name="Loading Configuration on the device",
replace=False,
configuration=task.host["config"])
nr = InitNornir(config_file="config.yaml", dry_run=True) # set dry_run=False, cross your fingers and run again
# run tasks
result = nr.run(task=config_and_deploy)
print_result(result)Nika ingqalelo kwiparameter dry_run=Yinyani kumgca wokuqaliswa kwento nr.
Apha kuyafana naku iyenzeka uvavanyo luphunyeziwe apho uqhagamshelo kwi-router lwenziwa, ulungelelwaniso olutsha olulungisiweyo lulungisiwe, oluthi ke luqinisekiswe sisixhobo (kodwa oku akuqinisekanga; kuxhomekeke kwinkxaso yesixhobo kunye nokuphunyezwa komqhubi kwi-NAPALM) , kodwa ubumbeko olutsha alusetyenziswanga ngokuthe ngqo. Ukusebenzisa ukulwa, kufuneka ususe iparameter yomile_baleka okanye utshintshe ixabiso layo False.
Xa iskripthi siphunyeziwe, uNornir ukhupha iilog ezineenkcukacha kwiconsole.
Apha ngezantsi komchithi kuphuma umlo wokubaleka kwiirotha ezimbini zovavanyo:
config_and_deploy***************************************************************
* cisco-test ** changed : True *******************************************
vvvv config_and_deploy ** changed : True vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv INFO
---- Base Configuration ** changed : True ------------------------------------- INFO
class-map match-all VIDEO_SURV
match access-group 111
policy-map VIDEO_SURV
class VIDEO_SURV
police 1500000 conform-action transmit exceed-action drop
interface GigabitEthernet0/1/1
description VIDEOSURV
ip address 10.10.222.254 255.255.255.0
service-policy input VIDEO_SURV
router bgp 65001
network 10.10.222.0 mask 255.255.255.0
access-list 11 permit 10.10.222.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 111 permit ip 10.10.222.0 0.0.0.255 any
---- Loading Configuration on the device ** changed : True --------------------- INFO
+class-map match-all VIDEO_SURV
+ match access-group 111
+policy-map VIDEO_SURV
+ class VIDEO_SURV
+interface GigabitEthernet0/1/1
+ description VIDEOSURV
+ ip address 10.10.222.254 255.255.255.0
+ service-policy input VIDEO_SURV
+router bgp 65001
+ network 10.10.222.0 mask 255.255.255.0
+access-list 11 permit 10.10.222.0 0.0.0.255
+access-list 111 permit ip 10.10.222.0 0.0.0.255 any
^^^^ END config_and_deploy ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
* srx-test ** changed : True *******************************************
vvvv config_and_deploy ** changed : True vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv INFO
---- Base Configuration ** changed : True ------------------------------------- INFO
set interfaces fe-0/0/2 unit 0 description "Video surveillance"
set interfaces fe-0/0/2 unit 0 family inet filter input limit-in
set interfaces fe-0/0/2 unit 0 family inet address 10.10.111.254/24
set policy-options policy-statement export2bgp term 1 from route-filter 10.10.111.0/24 exact
set security zones security-zone WAN interfaces fe-0/0/2
set firewall policer policer-1m if-exceeding bandwidth-limit 1m
set firewall policer policer-1m if-exceeding burst-size-limit 187k
set firewall policer policer-1m then discard
set firewall policer policer-1.5m if-exceeding bandwidth-limit 1500000
set firewall policer policer-1.5m if-exceeding burst-size-limit 280k
set firewall policer policer-1.5m then discard
set firewall filter limit-in term 1 then policer policer-1.5m
set firewall filter limit-in term 1 then count limiter
---- Loading Configuration on the device ** changed : True --------------------- INFO
[edit interfaces]
+ fe-0/0/2 {
+ unit 0 {
+ description "Video surveillance";
+ family inet {
+ filter {
+ input limit-in;
+ }
+ address 10.10.111.254/24;
+ }
+ }
+ }
[edit]
+ policy-options {
+ policy-statement export2bgp {
+ term 1 {
+ from {
+ route-filter 10.10.111.0/24 exact;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
[edit security zones]
security-zone test-vpn { ... }
+ security-zone WAN {
+ interfaces {
+ fe-0/0/2.0;
+ }
+ }
[edit]
+ firewall {
+ policer policer-1m {
+ if-exceeding {
+ bandwidth-limit 1m;
+ burst-size-limit 187k;
+ }
+ then discard;
+ }
+ policer policer-1.5m {
+ if-exceeding {
+ bandwidth-limit 1500000;
+ burst-size-limit 280k;
+ }
+ then discard;
+ }
+ filter limit-in {
+ term 1 {
+ then {
+ policer policer-1.5m;
+ count limiter;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
^^^^ END config_and_deploy ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Ifihla amagama ayimfihlo kwi-ansible_vault
Ekuqaleni kwenqaku ndabaleka kancinci iyenzeka, kodwa akukho nto imbi kangako. Ndibathanda kakhulu inqaba efana, eyilelwe ukufihla ulwazi olubuthathaka ukuba lungabonakali. Kwaye mhlawumbi abaninzi baye baqaphela ukuba sinazo zonke ii-logins / amagama okugqithisa kuzo zonke iirotha zokulwa ezikhazimulayo kwifomu evulekileyo kwifayile. gorups.yaml. Ayintle, kunjalo. Masikhusele le datha nge inqaba.
Masitshintshe iiparamitha ukusuka kugroups.yaml ukuya kwi-creds.yaml, kwaye siyifihle nge-AES256 enegama lokugqitha elinamanani angama-20:
$ cd inventory
$ cat creds.yaml
---
cisco:
username: admin1
password: cisco1
juniper:
username: admin2
password: juniper2
$ pwgen 20 -N 1 > vault.passwd
ansible-vault encrypt creds.yaml --vault-password-file vault.passwd
Encryption successful
$ cat creds.yaml
$ANSIBLE_VAULT;1.1;AES256
39656463353437333337356361633737383464383231366233386636333965306662323534626131
3964396534396333363939373539393662623164373539620a346565373439646436356438653965
39643266333639356564663961303535353364383163633232366138643132313530346661316533
6236306435613132610a656163653065633866626639613537326233653765353661613337393839
62376662303061353963383330323164633162386336643832376263343634356230613562643533
30363436343465306638653932366166306562393061323636636163373164613630643965636361
34343936323066393763323633336366366566393236613737326530346234393735306261363239
35663430623934323632616161636330353134393435396632663530373932383532316161353963
31393434653165613432326636616636383665316465623036376631313162646435Ilula ngolo hlobo. Kuhleli ukufundisa wethu Nornir-iskripthi sokufumana kunye nokusebenzisa le datha.
Ukwenza oku, kwiskripthi sethu emva komgca wokuqalisa nr = InitNornir(config_file=... yongeza le khowudi ilandelayo:
...
nr = InitNornir(config_file="config.yaml", dry_run=True) # set dry_run=False, cross your fingers and run again
# enrich Inventory with the encrypted vault data
from ansible_vault import Vault
vault_password_file="inventory/vault.passwd"
vault_file="inventory/creds.yaml"
with open(vault_password_file, "r") as fp:
password = fp.readline().strip()
vault = Vault(password)
vaultdata = vault.load(open(vault_file).read())
for a in nr.inventory.hosts.keys():
item = nr.inventory.hosts[a]
item.username = vaultdata[item.groups[0]]['username']
item.password = vaultdata[item.groups[0]]['password']
#print("hostname={}, username={}, password={}n".format(item.hostname, item.username, item.password))
# run tasks
...Kunjalo, vault.passwd akufuneki ibekwe ecaleni kwe creds.yaml njengakumzekelo wam. Kodwa kulungile ukudlala.
Kuphelele apho okwangoku. Kukho amanqaku angakumbi malunga neCisco + Zabbix ezayo, kodwa oku ayisiyonto incinci malunga ne-automation. Kwaye kwixesha elizayo ndiceba ukubhala malunga ne-RESTCONF eCisco.
umthombo: www.habr.com