U-Vasya Pupkin ubhala okwangoku: ubonisa umlambo wakhe weengcamango kwi-blockbook notebook. Kodwa ke uVasya wayenengxaki: iphepha laphela. Kwaye kwicala lasekunene lokusasazeka, into engathandekiyo kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba uVasya, ukwenzela ukuba abhale inxalenye elandelayo yengcamango yakhe, kufuneka abe nesinyathelo sangaphambili phambi kwamehlo akhe, ngoko uVasya uya kufuneka ahambise isiqwenga sephepha emva naphambili.
Imeko eqhelekileyo? O, oku kudluliselwa kwesibonakaliso esilinganayo phakathi kokusasazeka ... Kumalunga nale ngxaki kunye nendlela onokuthi uqiniseke ngayo ukuba i-notebook ekhohlisayo ayisoze iphazamise ukuhamba kwakho kweengcinga kwakhona, yiloo nto endifuna ukuthetha ngayo.
I sigama
Leaf - Iphepha eliqhelekileyo lomzimba.
Iphepha - iphepha linamacala amabini, ngalinye liya kubizwa ngokuba liphepha.
Ukubuyisela umva - Iqukethe amaphepha amabini alele phambi kwamehlo akho, ngalinye liyiphepha lalo (ngoko ke, sinokuthi kwakhona ukusasazeka kuqulethwe ngamashidi amabini).
Tyhila iphepha ekunene - thatha ishidi lokunene lokusasazeka kwaye uliguqule, ngaloo ndlela ulenze iphepha elisekhohlo lokusasazeka okulandelayo.
Jika iphepha ngasekhohlo - into efanayo, kuphela ishidi elisekhohlo lijikeleziswa.
Onke amagama alandelayo anentsingiselo yamagama afakiweyo akrwelelwa umgca ngaphantsi. Kwaye ukuqaliswa kwamagama amatsha apha endleleni kugxininiswe ngokungqindilili.
Imiqathango
Makhe sichaze iingcamango esisebenza kuzo: uVasya Pupkin ungumfundi onengqiqo kakhulu, ngoko ubhala kwincwadana. Ngelo xesha, xa uVasya ebhala, uyakhupha amaphepha ukusuka kwincwadi yamanqaku kuba amakhonkco aphazamisa ukubhala. Kwakhona, ekubeni uVasya ungumntu onengqiqo, ngoko yonke into amaphepha inombolo (ukuba zithe zawa kwaye zawa).
Indlela yokubhala
Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu babhala ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene. Kwaye ngaphakathi ukubuyisela umva Icala lasekhohlo lizaliswe kuqala ukubuyisela umva, ngoko ekunene. Nini ukubuyisela umva iphela, emva koko umntu adlulele kwelandelayo ukubuyisela umva (ujikela iphepha ekunene). Ngokoyilo, oku kunokuboniswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Apha utolo olubomvu luthetha inguqu ukusuka ekhohlo amaphepha ukubuyisela umva ekunene, kunye notolo oluluhlaza tyhila iphepha ngasekunene.
Iingcamango jikelele
Nazi izibonakaliso ngokubanzi malunga nengxaki evezwe, eyenza kube lula ukuqonda ukuba isisombululo esicetywayo ekugqibeleni sichanekile ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba unqwenela, ungahamba ngokukhawuleza ufunde icandelo elilandelayo elichaza isisombululo esichanekileyo.
Ngokucacileyo, ukubhala kufuneka kwenziwe ngendlela yokuba nganye elandelayo iphepha ibekwe phezu iphepha eyahlukileyo kulowo wangaphambili, ngaphandle koko kuya kubakho ukugubha okufanayo amagqabi ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye. Kwaye ukuba yonke elandelayo iphepha izakubekwa kwi iphepha yahlukile kweyangaphambili, ngoko ke ngexesha elifanelekileyo sinokubeka le yangaphambili phambi kwethu uludwe kwaye ungaphazamisi ingcinga yethu. Siya kuyibiza le mfuneko ibekwe kwisisombululo eyona nto iphambili.
Inguqulelo ye1.0
Esinye sezisombululo zokuqala ezithi qatha engqondweni: masibhale kuphela kumaphepha afanelekileyo ukubuyisela umva. Ngaloo ndlela, asinayo ingcamango enjalo ukubuyisela umva. Sinenqwaba amaphepha, apho sibhala kuphela kwicala elinye lomntu wonke amaphepha.
Ububi: inkcitho yobutyebi. Sinokubhala ngokuphindwe kabini ngomlinganiselo ofanayo wephepha
Inguqulelo ye1.1
Masiphucule isisombululo 1.0. Siza kuqhubeka sibhala kwicala elinye kuphela amagqabi. Kodwa xa kufuneka sibhale enye into, sisebenzisa okufanayo amaphepha, kuphela ngoku sibhala ngokukodwa kwelinye icala (izifundo kwi-matan zisecaleni lasekhohlo ukubuyisela umva, iintetho zealjebra ngasekunene)
Cons: akukho ukuqina, okt. kwenye iphepha izinto ezingenalo unxibelelwano olusengqiqweni kunye zibekwe. Oku kugcwele into yokuba ukuba ufuna ukwabelana ngezifundo zemathematika kunye nomfundi ofunda naye, ngoko umnika ngokuzenzekelayo i-algebra (kwaye ukuba kukho uviwo kwi-algebra ngomso kwaye ufuna la manqaku ngoku! Uhh). Ewe, ngomlinganiselo ongalinganiyo wezinto eziphathekayo kwi-algebra kunye nezibalo, siphinda sinemeko yokuchitha izibonelelo.
Inguqulelo ye2.0
Imodeli enenqwaba yamaphepha ibonise icala layo elibi. Masibuyele kwimodeli nge U-U-turn: kuthekani ukuba utshintshana indlela yokubhala ngaphakathi ukubuyisela umva? Ezo. kweyokuqala Ukujika ngo u ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene, okwesibini ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo, okwesithathu kwakhona ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene... Ngokuyintloko isisombululo siyanelisa imeko.
Cons: yophukile umgca ("ngale ndlela, emva koko"). Ayikhululekanga kakhulu. Kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba sasibhala kweliphi icala kwixesha elidlulileyo Ukujika ngo u. Ekugqibeleni, siya kwenza impazamo ngenye imini (kwaye oku kuyakwenzeka ngokomthetho woburhelem kanye ngelo xesha xa kufuneka sihambise uphawu olulinganayo phakathi U-U-turn).
Inguqulelo ye2.1
Kutheni sisenza kube nzima ukukhumbula indlela esabhala ngayo? Masihlale nje ngaphakathi kwemida ukubuyisela umva Ngaba kufuneka ndigcwalise icala lasekunene kuqala ndize ndilandelise ngasekhohlo? Kwakhona, isiseko imfuneko ayiqhekeki.
Hmmm. Kwaye esi sisombululo sisebenza ngokwenene! Umkhonzi wakho othobekileyo wabhala ngale ndlela kanye unyaka onesiqingatha.
Okungalunganga akubonakali kangako kwaye kwacaca kuphela ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kobu buchule: xa uthumela imifanekiso eskeniweyo/efotwe komnye umntu. amaphepha ngoshicilelo, kufuneka uhlale uchazela abantu ukuba kuqhubeka ntoni na ngesihogo amaphepha. Ngethamsanqa sibala amaphepha (jonga imiqathango) kwaye oku kwenza imeko ibe lula, kodwa abantu abangaqhelanga bayabhideka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, andizange ndithathele ingqalelo oku kuthabatha njengokuthabatha, kuba indlela yayisombulula ingxaki ekhoyo kwaye akunamsebenzi nokuba abantu bangaphandle bebengakhululeki.
Kucacile ukuba ungaqhubeka kwaye uqhubeke uhlela kwiinguqulelo zokubhala. Ukuthetha ngaphakathi ukuguqulwa, ngoko, kuthathelwa ingqalelo imfuneko umgca, sinamaqhosha amabini kuphela esinokubeka uxinzelelo kuwo: ulwalathiso lokubhala ngaphakathi ukubuyisela umva, kunye nesalathiso sepheyiji amaphepha. Ezo. kuphela 4 ukwahluka... Yima, skrola icala?
Isisombululo (uguqulelo 2.2)
Kwaye ke sifika kwisigqibo esichanekileyo, endisiqheliseyo unyaka ngoku kwaye ndanelisekile ngokupheleleyo.
Apha iintolo eziluhlaza zithetha utyhila iphepha ekhohlo. Ezo. ukusasazeka kuzaliswe njengesiqhelo ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene, kunye nokuphephuka amaphepha iya kwicala elichasene nesiqhelo.
Xa imeko isenzeka, kufuneka ube neyokuqala phambi kwamehlo akho. iphepha, ngoko ngaphakathi ukubuyisela umva yonke into icacile, kodwa ukuba le mfuneko ilishwa yasifumana phakathi U-U-turn, ke oku kuthetha ukuba ngoku sitshintshele entsha ukubuyisela umva kwaye siza kubhala kwicala lasekhohlo ukubuyisela umva, kunye neyangaphambili iphepha ibekwe ngqo phantsi iphepha, okwangoku kwicala lasekunene ukubuyisela umva, kwaye kufuneka uyibeke ecaleni ukuze ufikelele kulwazi oluxabisekileyo.
Ebudeni bonyaka wovavanyo lwe-beta yobu buchule, akukho ziphene zibalulekileyo zifunyenweyo xa kuthelekiswa nenguqulelo 2.1, ilungile ngokubanzi: unokuskena amangeniso emva koko uwafunde kwaye ungakrokri nokuba iphepha lijikelwe kwelinye icala. Kwakhona kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba obu buchule bubonwa ngokulula bubuchopho bomntu kunye nengqondo yabanye xa ubacacisela okokuqala.
isiphelo
- Ngoko yintoni ngoku? Ngaba kufuneka nditshintshe indlela yam yokubhala?
- Ukuba uzijonga njengomntu onengqiqo, ke ewe! Akukho bubi xa kuthelekiswa nendlela eqhelekileyo (kunokwenzeka kuphela kwiimeko ezithile), kodwa kukho inzuzo.
umthombo: www.habr.com