Ushicilelo lwama-55 Iikhompyuter ezingama-500 ezisebenza kakhulu kwihlabathi. Ukulinganisa kukaJuni kuphakanyiswe yinkokeli entsha - iqela laseJapan , iphawuleka ekusebenziseni kwayo abaqhubekekisi be-ARM.
Iqela leFugaku kwiziko loPhando lwePhysical and Chemical kwaye ibonelela ngokusebenza kwe-415.5 petaflops, eyi-2.8 ngaphezu kwenkokeli yokulinganisa kwangaphambili, eyatyhilwa kwindawo yesibini. Iqela libandakanya ii-158976 ze-SoC-based nodes , ixhotyiswe nge-48-core CPU Armv8.2-A SVE (512 bit SIMD) kunye ne-clock frequency ye-2.2GHz. Iyonke, i-cluster ine-cores ye-processor engaphezu kwe-7 yezigidi (izihlandlo ezithathu ngaphezu kwenkokeli yokulinganisa kwangaphambili), phantse i-5 PB ye-RAM kunye ne-150 PB yokugcina okwabelwana ngayo ngokusekelwe kwiLuster FS. I-Red Hat Enterprise Linux isetyenziswa njengenkqubo yokusebenza.
Iindawo ukusuka kweyesibini ukuya kweyesihlanu zikhuselwe ziinkokeli zangaphambili, ezithathe indawo yokuqala ukuya kweyesine kuluhlu lwangoNovemba:
- Indawo yesibini - iqela ngu-IBM e-Oak Ridge National Laboratory (USA). Iqela liqhuba i-Red Hat Enterprise Linux kwaye ibandakanya i-2.4 yezigidi zeeprosesa ze-cores (usebenzisa i-22-core IBM Power9 22C 3.07GHz CPUs kunye ne-NVIDIA Tesla V100 accelerators), ebonelela ngokusebenza kwe-148 petaflops.
- Indawo yesithathu-iqela laseMelika , efakwe kwi-Livermore National Laboratory yi-IBM ngesiseko seqonga elifana neNgqungquthela kunye nokubonisa ukusebenza kwi-94 petaflops (malunga ne-1.5 yezigidi ze-cores).
- Indawo yesine-iqela laseTshayina , esebenza kwi-National Supercomputing Centre yaseChina, kubandakanywa ngaphezu kwe-10 yezigidi ze-computing cores kunye nokubonisa ukusebenza kwe-93 petaflops. Ngaphandle kwezalathi zokusebenza ezifanayo, iqela laseSierra lidla isiqingatha samandla amaninzi njengeSunway TaihuLight.
- Indawo yesihlanu-iqela laseTshayina , equka phantse i-5 yezigidi ze-cores kwaye ibonisa ukusebenza kwe-61 petaflops.
Amaqela amatsha athathe indawo yesithandathu neyesixhenxe (Italiya, Dell EMC, 35 petaflops, 669 amawaka cores) kunye (I-USA, ii-petaflops ezingama-27, ii-cores ezingama-277 amawaka), ezithathe indawo yeqela laseMelika (Dell EMC, 23 petaflops, 448 amawaka cores) ukuya kwindawo yesibhozo. Iqela elitsha lase-Italiya lithathe indawo yesithoba (IBM, 21.6 petaflops, 347 amawaka cores), kwaye eyeshumi liqela laseSwitzerland (I-Cray / HPE, i-21.2 petaflops, i-387 amawaka e-cores), eyathatha indawo ye-6 kwindawo yangaphambili.
Eyona ndlela inomdla kakhulu:
- Iqela lasekhaya (I-6.6 petaflops, Ubuntu 18.04.01/2/8168, eyakhiwe yi-Sberbank kwi-platform ye-NVIDIA DGX-24, isebenzisa i-Xeon Platinum 2.7 99600C 6GHz CPU kwaye ine-29 ye-computing cores) isuka kwi-36 ukuya kwindawo ye-2 kwindawo yokubeka kwiinyanga ze-107. Elinye iqela lasekhaya, iLomonosov 131, lasuka kwi-XNUMX laya kwindawo ye-XNUMX. Iqela phakathi , ebekwe kwindawo yama-465, yakhutshelwa ngaphandle kwinqanaba. Ngaloo ndlela, inani lamaqela asekhaya kwinqanaba elingaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu liye lancipha ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-2 (ngo-2017 kwakukho i-5 kwinqanaba , kwaye ngo-2012 - 12);
- Ukuhanjiswa ngenani leekhompyuter ezinkulu kumazwe ahlukeneyo:
- China: 226 (228 kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo). Iyonke, amaqela aseTshayina avelisa i-45.2 yemveliso epheleleyo (iinyanga ezintandathu ezedlulileyo - 31.9%);
- USA: 114 (117). Iyonke imveliso iqikelelwa kwi-22.8% (kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo - 37.8%);
- EJapan: 29 (29);
- EFransi: 19 (18);
- EJamani: 16 (16);
- ENetherlands: 15 (15);
- eIreland: 14 (14);
- eKhanada 12 (9);
- E-UK: 10 (11);
- EItali: 7 (5);
- EBrazil: 4 (3);
- eSingapore 4 (4);
- EMzantsi Korea, eSaudi Arabia, eNorway: ezi-3;
- IRashiya, iIndiya, iOstreliya, iUAE, iSwitzerland, iSweden, iFinland, iTaiwan: 2.
- Kuluhlu lweenkqubo zokusebenza ezisetyenziswa kwii-supercomputers, i-Linux kuphela ihleli iminyaka emithathu;
- Ukusasazwa ngonikezelo lweLinux (kwizibiyeli - kwiinyanga ezi-6 ezidlulileyo):
- I-54.4% (49.6%) ayinazinkcukacha ngosasazo,
- I-24.6% (26.4%) isebenzisa i-CentOS,
- 6.8% (6.8%) - Cray Linux,
- 6% (4.8%) - RHEL,
- 2.6% (3%) - SUSE,
- 2.2% (2%) - Ubuntu;
- 0.2% (0.4%) - I-Linux yezeNzululwazi
- Ubuncinci bomgangatho womsebenzi wokungena kwi-Top500 kwiinyanga ezi-6 zonyuka ukusuka kwi-1142 ukuya kwi-teraflops ye-1230 (kunyaka ophelileyo, amaqela angama-272 kuphela abonisa ukusebenza okungaphezulu kwe-petaflop, kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo - 138, kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo - 94). Kwi-Top100, umda wokungena unyuke ukusuka kwi-2570 ukuya kwi-2801 teraflops;
- Ukusebenza okupheleleyo kwazo zonke iinkqubo zokulinganisa kunyuke enyakeni ukusuka kwi-1.65 ukuya kwi-2.23 exaflops (iminyaka emithathu edlulileyo yayiyi-749 petaflops). Inkqubo evala indawo yangoku yayikwindawo ye-449 kwinqaku lokugqibela, kunye ne-348 ngonyaka ngaphambili;
- Ukusasazwa ngokubanzi kwenani leekhompyuter ezinkulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ii-supercomputer ezingama-272 zibekwe eAsia (274 - kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo),
abali-126 kuMntla Merika (129) nabangama-96 eYurophu (94), aba-4 kuMzantsi Merika naba-2 eOceania (3); - Njengesiseko somprosesa, ii-Intel CPUs zihamba phambili - i-93.8% (kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo yayiyi-94%), kwindawo yesibini yi-IBM Power - 2.6% (ukusuka kwi-2.8%), kwindawo yesithathu yi-AMD - 2.2% (0.6% ), kwindawo yesine yi-ARM (Marvell ThunderX2 kunye neFujitsu A64FX) - 0.8%, kwi-SPRC64 yesihlanu - 0.2% (0.6%). Ngexesha lokuqala kuluhlu, iqela elisekelwe kwiiprosesa ze-ARM liye laboniswa, elithe lathatha indawo yokuqala ngokukhawuleza.
- I-37.4% (iinyanga ezi-35.6 ezidlulileyo 20%) yazo zonke iiprosesa ezisetyenzisiweyo zinee-cores ezingama-12.2, i-13.8% (16%) - i-cores eyi-10.6, i-24% - i-XNUMX cores,
I-10.4% (11%) - i-cores 18, i-9.8% (11.2%) - i-cores 12, i-7% (7.8%) - i-14 cores; - Iinkqubo ezili-145 kwezingama-500 (kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo - i-144) ukongezelela zisebenzisa i-accelerators okanye i-coprocessors, ngelixa iinkqubo ze-135 zisebenzisa iitshiphusi ze-NVIDIA (kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo bekukho 135), 6 - Intel Xeon Phi (bekukho 5), 1 - PEZY (1) , I-1 isebenzisa izisombululo ze-hybridi (ngaphambili i-1), i-1 isebenzisa i-Matrix-2000 (1), i-1 GPU AMD Vega (1);
- Phakathi kwabavelisi beqela, uLenovo wathatha indawo yokuqala - 36% (iinyanga ezi-34.8 ezidlulileyo XNUMX%), kwindawo yesibini.
I-Sugon 13.6% (14.2%), kwindawo yesithathu i-Inspur - 12.8% (13.2%), indawo yesine ibanjwe nguHewlett-Packard - 7.6% (7%), ilandelwa nguCray 7.2%, Atos - 5.2% (4.6%). , Fujitsu 2.6% (2.6%), IBM 2.4 (2.6%), Dell EMC 2% (2.2%), NVIDIA 1.4% (1.2%), Huawei 1.4% (2%),
IPenguin Computing - 1.2% (2.2%). Kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, ukuhanjiswa phakathi kwabavelisi kwaba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Hewlett-Packard 28.6% (22.4%), kwindawo yesibini yiLenovo 17% (18.4%), kwindawo yesithathu yiCray 11.4% (11.2%), kwindawo yesine I-Sugon 9.2% (9.4%), kwindawo yesihlanu ngu-IBM 5.4% (6.6%). - I-Ethernet isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ama-nodes kwi-52.6% yamaqela (iinyanga ezi-52 ezidlulileyo 30.4%), i-InfiniBand - 28% (9.8%), i-Omnipath - 10% (52.6%). Ukuba siqwalasela ukusebenza okupheleleyo, ngoko ke iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwi-Ethernet zigubungela i-29% (500%) ye-Top30.4 epheleleyo yokusebenza, i-InfiniBand - 40% (9.8%), i-Omnipath - XNUMX%.
Ngexesha elifanayo, ukukhutshwa okutsha kolunye ukulinganisa kweenkqubo ze-cluster kuyafumaneka , igxile ekuvavanyeni ukusebenza kwamaqonga eekhompyutha ezinkulu anxulunyaniswa nokulinganisa iinkqubo eziphathekayo kunye nemisebenzi yokusetyenzwa kweedatha ezininzi eziqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo ezinjalo. Ukukala ngokwahlukeneyo ngakumbi kwaye idityaniswe neTop500, njengoko kusetyenzwa ngamandla ngoku kwi-Top500 rating ephambili (umlinganiselo we-LINPACK FLOPS kusetyenziso lwamandla kwi-watts ithathelwa ingqalelo).
umthombo: opennet.ru