Amajelo osasazo emveli aya kuqhubeka esenza umsebenzi wawo ngokufanelekileyo iminyaka emininzi, kodwa afikeleleka kuphela kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi. Kwezinye iimeko, ezinye izisombululo ziyafuneka ezinokubonelela ngonxibelelwano oluthembekileyo olukhawulezayo ngexabiso elifanelekileyo.
Ukusuka kweli nqaku uya kufunda indlela yokusombulula iingxaki zonxibelelwano apho amajelo emveli abiza kakhulu okanye awafikeleleki. Ziziphi iindidi zezisombululo ezikhoyo, ukuba zahluke njani kunye nendlela yokukhetha into efunekayo kumsebenzi othile.
Kukho iindidi ezininzi zobuchwepheshe ezibanga ukusombulula iingxaki zonxibelelwano apho amajelo onxibelelwano emveli angekhoyo okanye angasebenziyo ngokwezoqoqosho. Ii-balancers, ii-aggregators kunye nee-adders zikhangeleka ngathi zenza into enye, kodwa zahluke kakhulu kumgangatho wokusombulula ingxaki. Masiyiqonde.
Abalinganisi
Naliphi na ijelo elinye lisebenza ngexesha elinye. Oku kusombulula umba wokuthembeka ngenxa yokuphindaphinda, kodwa akunyusi isantya. Kwangaxeshanye, uninzi lwabalinganisi abajongi ukuba leliphi na ijelo elikhawulezayo kwaye ngokulula batshintshele kwelo lisebenzayo. I-80% yezisombululo kwiimarike ezisebenzisa ii-SIM khadi ezininzi zifana ngokuchanekileyo naBalancers - xa unxibelelwano ngetshaneli enye lulahlekile, lutshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo uqhagamshelo kwelinye.
Kukho iklasi yotshintsho eyahlukileyo phakathi kwe-balancer kunye ne-aggregator. Isantya semisonto emininzi, umzekelo kubasebenzisi abaninzi ngexesha elinye, siya kuba phezulu kunanoma yimuphi. Le ndlela, ukuba iphunyezwe ngokuchanekileyo, ayifuni nokuba isiseko sokuphelisa i-traffic kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiklasi yee-routers eziphantsi. Isisombululo sinokubonelela ngesantya esiphezulu, kodwa umsebenzisi ngamnye uya kufumana isantya esifumanekayo kuphela ngetshaneli enye. Unokukhuphela imilambo kwisixhobo esinjalo kamnandi kakhulu.
Ingxaki ekufuneka isonjululwe
Ukwenyuka kokuthembeka. Ugcino lwamajelo osasazo lwedatha.
Uphawu oluphambili
- Isantya sokutshintsha ukusuka kwitshaneli engasebenziyo ukuya kweyokusebenza. Ukukhawuleza isixhobo siyaqonda ukuba itshaneli enye ayisebenzi kwaye kufuneka itshintshele kwelinye, ngcono
- Umsebenzi ophambili kwitshaneli ekhawulezayo
Плюсы
- Ixabiso lesixhobo. Esona sisombululo sisezantsi kwimarike
- Ayifuni isiseko esiphakathi sokupheliswa kwetrafikhi
- Ayifuni abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo ukuba basetyenziswe kwaye balondoloze
Минусы
- Akukho kukhangela umgangatho wetshaneli. Isixhobo sinokutshintshela kwitshaneli enoqhagamshelwano oluphakathi, ngelixa itshaneli engummelwane ikhawuleza kakhulu.
Ukusetyenziswa ekujoliswe kuko
Iinkonzo ezingadingi amazinga aphezulu okudlulisa idatha kwaye zilungele ixesha elifutshane lokuphumla
Aggregators
Eli gama livela kwi-aggregate yesiNgesi. Kwimeko yeenkqubo zokuhanjiswa kwedatha, isetyenziswe ixesha elide kakhulu kwaye isetyenziswe kwizisombululo zokudibanisa i-fired wired and optical data transmission channels.
Ezi ziinkqubo ezihambele phambili ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nabalinganisi - basebenzisa amajelo osasazo edatha amaninzi ngaxeshanye. Ngeshaneli nganye, uxhulumaniso lwenziwa kunye nomncedisi ophakathi, apho i-traffic idibaniswa kwaye idluliselwe ngakumbi kwinkonzo ekujoliswe kuyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba amajelo amaninzi ayanyamalala, ukuhanjiswa kwedatha akuphazanyiswa. Oko kukuthi, akukho ngcamango yokutshintsha ukusuka kwelinye ijelo ukuya kwelinye. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba kwiitshaneli zothumelo lwedatha engenazingcingo, ngokuchasene nenkolelo edumileyo, uninzi lwezi zisombululo azinyusi isantya okanye ziyandisa nje kancinci. Ngokomzekelo, iziteshi ezi-4 ze-10 Mbit / s kufuneka zinike inani le-40 Mbit, kodwa i-aggregators kwi-tunnel ye-L3 iya kunika malunga ne-12-18. Ezi zezona santya siphezulu sonyuka phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa ye-entropy enkulu engalinganiyo kwiitshaneli. Kungumsebenzi ongeyonto encinci ukudibanisa amajelo anamandla ahlukeneyo, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukulibaziseka okwahlukileyo.
Oku ngokuqinisekileyo kungcono kuneshumi, kodwa ngaphantsi kakhulu kunamashumi amane alindelekileyo. Abavelisi abanganyanisekanga bazama ukufihla le ntsilelo ngokusebenzisa indibaniselwano yeseva yommeleli + ukutshintshwa kwedilesi yomthombo. Kule meko, isantya sanda kakhulu, kodwa oku kusebenza kuphela kwiimeko apho uxhulumaniso luqaliswa kwisixhobo. Ukuba uqalisa uxhulumaniso oluvela kwihlabathi langaphandle, ngoko obu buchule abuyi kusebenza. Ukuba ufuna ukudibanisa amanethiwekhi amabini, umzekelo, indawo yokuthengisa kunye ne-ofisi eyintloko okanye isitimela esinenethiwekhi ephakathi, i-aggregator ayiyi kujongana nomsebenzi, kuba isantya kwisixhobo siya kuba ngamaxesha angama-10 ngaphantsi ukusuka isixhobo. Ukongezelela, ukuba isetyenziswe kuthungelwano lomsebenzi we-telecom, ukukhwabanisa okunjalo kuqinisekisiwe ukuphakamisa imibuzo evela kumagunya alawulayo malunga nenkqubo yamanyathelo ophando osebenzayo (SORM).
Izisombululo zokudityaniswa kwamatshaneli othumelo lwedatha engenazingcingo zilula kwaye azifuni mali kuphando olunzulu kwisayensi. Phantse zonke ziqulathe kuphela esele zenziwe, zichazwe ngokubanzi izisombululo zoMthombo oVulekileyo. Abavelisi bakhetha ukwenza i-WEB interface elula kwaye bayigqithise njengophuhliso olutsha. Le ndlela ixhaphake kakhulu eRashiya.
Ingxaki ekufuneka isonjululwe
Ukwenyuka kokuthembeka. Ukunyuka kancinci kwisantya.
Uphawu oluphambili
Ukulahlwa kwemijelo edityanisiweyo. Umndilili wogqithiso lwedatha ephezulu.
Минусы
- Ixabiso lesixhobo. Iimali ezininzi zibiza kakhulu kunezilinganisi eziqhelekileyo
- Ukufumaneka kweentlawulo zenyanga, njengoko ifuna isiseko esiphakathi sokupheliswa kwezithuthi
- Ulondolozo lufuna abasebenzi bobugcisa abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa
- Ukusetyenziswa okuphantsi kweendlela zokuhambisa idatha kwitonela ye-L3
- Ukusetyenziswa kweeseva zeproxy kubangela inethiwekhi ye-asymmetric kunye nedilesi
Плюсы
- Isombulula kakuhle kakhulu ingxaki yamajelo osasazo lwedatha engafunekiyo
- Xa usebenzisa iseva engummeli, inika isantya esiphezulu sogqithiso lwedatha ukuba uqhagamshelwano luqaliswe kwisixhobo
Ukusetyenziswa ekujoliswe kuko
Iinkonzo ezifuna unxibelelwano oluzinzileyo kwaye azifuni itonela ye-L3. Amakhaya abucala, ii-topology ezilula ezingadingi inethiwekhi ye-symmetrical. Ayisebenzi kumaziko oshishino kunye nothungelwano lwabaqhubi bee-telecom.
IiAdders
Kumxholo weziteshi zothumelo lwedatha, eli gama lavela eRashiya kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Ezi zisombululo zifana kakhulu nee-aggregators, kodwa zahluke kakhulu kuba, ngelixa zigcina zonke iingenelo zazo, azinayo yonke imiqobo yazo.
Ukuba ufuna uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo olusuka kwisixhobo ngokwaso ukuya kwiseva yokuphelisa, olu khetho, njengoxinzelelo lwe-fly, lukhona kubuchwephesha obuvuthiweyo kwimarike.
Kwiitonela ze-L3, ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zokudlulisa idatha kwii-adders malunga ne-90%. Umzekelo, apho i-aggregator inika i-40 Mbit / s, i-adder iya kunika ngokuzithemba i-70 Mbit / s. Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yirhamba. Lo ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu kwaye ufuna uphando olunzulu lwesayensi.
Ukwandisa ngempumelelo isantya kwitonela ye-L3 inika i-topology yenethiwekhi egudileyo ngaphandle "kwezinto ezikhethekileyo".
Ngokungafaniyo ne-aggregators, ii-adders azinazithintelo kububanzi bazo. Zingasetyenziselwa naluphi na uhlobo lweshaneli yothumelo lwedatha kunye nakweyiphi na i-topology yenethiwekhi. Inethiwekhi eyenziwe yi-adder isemgangathweni ngokupheleleyo kwaye, ngokungafaniyo ne-aggregators, ekusebenzeni ayiyi kuphakamisa imibuzo evela kumagunya alawulayo okanye imigibe ekusebenzeni.
Ingxaki ekufuneka isonjululwe
Ukwenyuka kokuthembeka. Ukunyuka okuphindaphindiweyo kwisantya.
Uphawu oluphambili
Ukulahlwa kwemijelo edityanisiweyo. Umndilili wogqithiso lwedatha ephezulu.
Минусы
- Ukufumaneka kweentlawulo zenyanga, njengoko ifuna isiseko esiphakathi sokupheliswa kwezithuthi.
- Ixabiso lithelekiseka ne-aggregator
Плюсы
- Isisombululo esisebenza kakhulu kwingxaki yeendlela ezingafunekiyo zokuhanjiswa kwedatha.
- Ukunyuka okuphindaphindiweyo kwisantya kunye nomthamo wamajelo kwi-tunnel ye-L3.
Ukusetyenziswa ekujoliswe kuko
Iinkonzo zorhwebo, zoshishino kunye norhulumente ezifuna isantya esiphezulu kunye nokudluliselwa kwedatha ethembekileyo. Akukho zithintelo ekusebenziseni.
Isisombululo esipheleleyo
Itekhnoloji yokwandisa ukuthembeka kunye nokuphuma, ukongeza kumsebenzi wabo ophambili, kufuneka ilawuleke ngokulula kwaye ihlawulwe, ibe zizisombululo ezibanzi kwiingxaki zabasebenzisi bokugqibela kwaye ingasombululi ingxaki ngendlela ecandekileyo, ukuhambisa uninzi lweziseko kunye nemisebenzi yokusebenza kumthengi. ubuchule.
Yintoni efunekayo kwisisombululo esibanzi?
1. Inkqubo yolawulo lwenethiwekhi emanyeneyo
Ikwenza kube lula ukulawula zonke izixhobo zenethiwekhi - ukuhlaziya i-firmware kunye noqwalaselo, ukubonisa izilumkiso kunye neengozi, kunye nokulinganisela umthwalo kwinethiwekhi. Lawula ngokuphandle yonke imisebenzi yesixhobo ngasinye ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ubone indawo yesixhobo kunye neempawu zaso eziphambili kwimephu esebenzisanayo.
Inkqubo yolawulo lwenethiwekhi ekumgangatho ophezulu igcina abasebenzi bobunjineli, inciphisa ixesha lokusombulula iingxaki, kwaye yenza yonke into eyenziwa “bubuchopho” ngokuqhelekileyo.
2. Ukuthembeka
Itekhnoloji ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweseva yokuphelisa i-traffic, ehlala imi phakathi kwesixhobo kunye nenkonzo ekujoliswe kuyo. Inokuba linqaku elinye lokusilela. Ukuba isisombululo asikwazi ukusabalalisa ngokuzenzekelayo i-traffic ukusuka kwizixhobo ukuya kwiiseva zokuphelisa kunye nokubonelela nge-failover ngokuzenzekelayo, akukhuthazwa ukuba kusetyenziswe ukusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo.
Ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwenkqubo yogcino oluzenzekelayo, inethiwekhi ekhawulezayo iya kuthi ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva ibe yinethiwekhi "yezitena".
3. Ukuhlolwa komgangatho
Uninzi lwezisombululo alukwazi ukubamba iimethrikhi eziphambili malunga nokusebenza kwesixhobo xa zingekho kwi-intanethi. Oko kukuthi, ukuba kukho ingxaki kwinethiwekhi, umqhubi wenkqubo akayi kukwazi ukwenza uhlalutyo lokubuyela emva kweso sixhobo kwaye aqonde ukuba yintoni kanye ingxaki.
Kwiziseko ezingundoqo ezingundoqo, izixhobo kufuneka zirekhode inani eliphezulu leemethrikhi kumajelo onxibelelwano xa kukho “i-debriefing”, zikwazi ukuyigcina le nto zize ziyidlulisele kwinkqubo ephakathi ngaphandle kokulayisha amajelo. Akukho sistim evulelekileyo yokubeka iliso enokuthi ngaxeshanye igcine i-traffic kwaye inikezele ngeemetrics ezibuyela emva.
4. Ukhuseleko
Inethiwekhi kufuneka ikhuselwe kakhulu kwimpembelelo ekhohlakeleyo kwelinye icala kwaye ilawulwe ngokupheleleyo ngumthengi kwelinye.
5. Inkxaso evela kumenzi 24/7
Kunzima kakhulu ukunxibelelana nomenzi-mveliso ukuba ukwindawo yexesha elahlukileyo yaye uthetha ulwimi olwahlukileyo okanye uzigqala njengokumkani. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba impendulo yomenzi kwingxaki yomthengi incinci, kwaye isisombululo ngokwenene sisombulula ingxaki.
Yintoni omawuyikhethe
1. Ukuba unelisekile ngokusebenza kwanoma yimuphi umjelo kwaye ufuna nje ukuba kwicala elikhuselekileyo, khetha ibhalansi. Ilula, ingabizi kwaye iyasebenza. Kuya kuba yinto edibeneyo ukuba umenzi uquka ezi ndlela zilandelayo:
-Ingcamango yetshaneli ephambili kunye nenkxaso. Xa isitishi sogcino sivuliwe kuphela xa esona siphambili singafumaneki. Isitishi esiphambili sivula ngokukhawuleza ukuba sifumaneke.
-Inkqubo yokubeka iliso umgangatho wetshaneli ngaphandle kokuvelisa itrafikhi yenkonzo.
-Iya kuba yinto enkulu yokwandisa isantya esipheleleyo kunye neseshini-based based division ye-traffic phakathi kwamajelo akhoyo. Oku kuya kunika ukwanda okubonakalayo kwesantya, kodwa akuyi kunika ukwanda kwiseshoni enye.
Ezi ndlela zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kuphela kunye.
2. Ukuba awunaso isantya esaneleyo salo naliphi na ijelo elinye okanye ufuna isantya esiphezulu, khetha ii-adders. Ii-aggregators zixabisa ngokufanayo, kodwa zingenza ngaphantsi.
umthombo: www.habr.com