Iindlela ezi-5 eziluncedo zokusebenzisa iRaspberry Pi yakho

Molo Habr.

Phantse wonke umntu uneRaspberry Pi ekhaya, kwaye ndingazama ukuqikelela ukuba uninzi lulele lungenzi nto. Kodwa iRaspberry ayisiyoboya obuxabisekileyo kuphela, kodwa ikwayikhompyuter enamandla engena fan eneLinux. Namhlanje siza kujonga kwiimpawu ezincedo zeRaspberry Pi, apho akudingeki ukuba ubhale ikhowudi kwaphela.

Kwabo banomdla, iinkcukacha ziphantsi kokusikwa. Inqaku lenzelwe abaqalayo.

Qaphela:: Eli nqaku lenzelwe abaqalayo abanokuqonda okuncinci ukuba yintoni idilesi ye-IP, indlela ye-SSH kwi-Raspberry Pi usebenzisa i-putty okanye nayiphi na enye i-terminal, kunye nendlela yokuhlela iifayile kunye nomhleli we-nano. Njengovavanyo, ngeli xesha andiyi "kulayisha" abafundi ngekhowudi yePython, akuyi kubakho inkqubo konke konke. Kuzo zonke ezi zilandelayo, ngumgca womyalelo kuphela oya kwanela. Ingakanani ifomathi enjalo efunwayo, ndiya kujonga uqikelelo lwesicatshulwa.

Ewe kunjalo, andizukuqwalasela izinto ezicace kakhulu njengeseva yeFTP okanye iibhola zenethiwekhi. Ngezantsi ndizamile ukugqamisa into engaphezulu okanye encinci eluncedo kunye neyoqobo.

Ngaphambi kokuba sifake nantoni na, ibalulekile cebiso: unikezelo lwamandla afanelekileyo (ngokukhethekileyo i-brand 2.5A enye, kunokuba itshaja yefowuni engekho igama) kunye ne-heatsink yeprosesa ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kweRaspberry Pi. Ngaphandle koku, i-Raspberry inokukhenkcela, iimpazamo zekopi yefayile zingavela, njl njl. Ubuqhetseba beempazamo ezinjalo kukuba zivela kuphela ngamaxesha athile, umzekelo, ngexesha lomthwalo we-CPU ephezulu okanye xa iifayile ezinkulu zibhalwa kwikhadi le-SD.

Ngaphambi kokufaka nawaphi na amacandelo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlaziye inkqubo, kungenjalo iidilesi ezindala zomyalelo we-apt zinokungasebenzi:

sudo apt-get update

Ngoku ungaqala ukuhlohla kunye nokuqwalasela.

1. WiFi hotspot

IRaspberry Pi kulula ukuyijika ibe yindawo yokufikelela engenazingcingo, kwaye akufuneki uthenge nantoni na, iWiFi sele ikhwele. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ufake i-2 components: i-hostapd (i-Host access point daemon, inkonzo yendawo yokufikelela) kunye ne-dnsmasq (i-DNS / i-DHCP iseva).

Faka i-dnsmasq kunye ne-hostapd:

sudo apt-get install dnsmasq hostapd

Seta idilesi ye-IP engatshintshiyo eya kuba nayo iRaspberry Pi kwinethiwekhi yeWiFi. Ukwenza oku, hlela ifayile ye-dhcpcd.conf ngokungenisa umyalelo sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf. Kufuneka udibanise le migca ilandelayo kwifayile:

interface wlan0
  static ip_address=198.51.100.100/24
  nohook wpa_supplicant

Njengoko ubona, kwinethiwekhi ye-WiFi, i-Raspberry Pi yethu iya kuba nedilesi 198.51.100.100 (oku kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba iseva ethile isebenza kuyo, idilesi eya kufuneka ifakwe kwi-browser).

Okulandelayo, kufuneka sisebenze ukuthunyelwa kwe-IP, apho senza umyalelo Isudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf kwaye ukhulule umgca net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1.

Ngoku kufuneka uqwalasele iseva yeDHCP - iya kusasaza iidilesi ze-IP kwizixhobo ezixhunyiwe. Sifaka umyalelo sudo nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf kwaye wongeze le migca ilandelayo:

interface=wlan0
dhcp-range=198.51.100.1,198.51.100.99,255.255.255.0,24h

Njengoko ubona, izixhobo ezixhunyiwe ziya kuba needilesi ze-IP kuluhlu 198.51.100.1… 198.51.100.99.

Ekugqibeleni, lixesha lokuseta i-Wi-Fi. Ukuhlela ifayile /etc/default/hostapd kwaye ngenisa umgca apho DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf". Ngoku makhe sihlele ifayile ye hostapd.conf ngokungenisa umyalelo sudo nano /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf.
Ngenisa iisetingi zendawo yofikelelo:

interface=wlan0
driver=nl80211
ssid=Raspberry Pi
hw_mode=g
channel=7
wmm_enabled=0
macaddr_acl=0
auth_algs=1
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
wpa=2
wpa_passphrase=12345678
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP

Apha kubalulekile ukubeka ingqalelo kwiparameters "ssid" (igama lendawo yokufikelela), "wpa_passphrase" (password), "channel" (inombolo yetshaneli) kunye ne "hw_mode" (imo yokusebenza, a = IEEE 802.11a, 5 GHz, b = IEEE 802.11 b, 2.4 GHz, g = IEEE 802.11g, 2.4 GHz). Ngelishwa, akukho khetho oluzenzekelayo lwetshaneli, ke kuya kufuneka ukhethe esona sikhululo sixakekileyo seWiFi ngokwakho.

ebalulekileyo: kule meko yokuvavanya, igama eliyimfihlo ngu-12345678, kwindawo yokufikelela yangempela, kufuneka usebenzise into enzima ngakumbi. Kukho iiprogram ezinyanzelisa i-brute-force passwords usebenzisa isichazi-magama, kunye nendawo yokufikelela ene-password elula ingagqekezwa. Ewe, ukwabelana nge-Intanethi nabantu bangaphandle phantsi kwemithetho yanamhlanje kunokuba nzima.

Yonke into ilungile, unokuvula zonke iinkonzo.

sudo systemctl unmask hostapd
sudo systemctl enable hostapd
sudo systemctl start hostapd
sudo systemctl reload dnsmasq

Ngoku kufuneka sibone i-WiFi hotspot entsha kuluhlu lothungelwano. Kodwa ukuze i-Intanethi ibonakale kuyo, kuyafuneka ukuba uvule ukuhanjiswa kwepakethi ukusuka kwi-Ethernet ukuya kwi-WLAN, apho sifaka khona umyalelo. Isudo nano /etc/rc.local kwaye yongeza i-iptables umgca woqwalaselo:

sudo iptables -t nat -A  POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

Yiyo leyo. Siqalisa kwakhona iRaspberry Pi, kwaye ukuba yonke into yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, sinokubona indawo yokufikelela kwaye siqhagamshele kuyo.

Njengoko ubona, isantya asisibi kangako, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise iWiFi enjalo.

Ngendlela, encinci cebiso: Ungatshintsha igama lomnatha weRaspberry Pi ngokuqhuba umyalelo Sudo raspi-isakhelo. Ayigqibekanga ku (ngomnqa:) raspberrypi. Oku mhlawumbi lulwazi oluqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, akuyena wonke umntu owaziyo ukuba eli gama likwafumaneka kwinethiwekhi yendawo, kodwa kufuneka ungeze ".local" kuyo. Umzekelo, ungangena kwiRaspberry Pi yakho nge-SSH ngokufaka umyalelo ukubeka [imeyile ikhuselwe]. Enyanisweni, kukho i-caveat enye: oku kusebenza kwiWindows kunye ne-Linux, kodwa ayisebenzi kwi-Android - kusafuneka ufake idilesi ye-IP ngesandla apho.

2. Iseva yemidiya

Kukho iindlela ezili-1001 zokwenza iseva yemidiya kwiRaspberry Pi, ndiza kuyigubungela kuphela eyona ilula. Masithi sinengqokelela esiyithandayo yeefayile zeMP3 kwaye sifuna ukuba ifumaneke kuthungelwano lwasekhaya kuzo zonke izixhobo zemidiya. Siza kubeka i-MiniDLNA iseva kwi-Raspberry Pi enokusenzela oku.

Ukufakela, ngenisa umyalelo sudo apt-fumana ukufaka minidlna. Emva koko kufuneka uqwalasele i-config ngokufaka umyalelo sudo nano /etc/minidlna.conf. Apho kufuneka ungeze umgca omnye kuphela obonisa indlela kwiifayile zethu: media_dir=/ikhaya/pi/MP3 (ngokuqinisekileyo, indlela inokwahluka). Emva kokuvala ifayile, qala kwakhona inkonzo:

sudo systemctl qala kwakhona i-minidlna

Ukuba senze yonke into ngokufanelekileyo, siya kuba neseva yemidiya esele yenziwe kwinethiwekhi yendawo apho unokudlala umculo ngerediyo yeWiFi yedesktop okanye ngeVLC-Player kwi-Android:

Icebiso: Ukulayisha iifayile kwiRaspberry Pi kulula kakhulu ngeWinSCP - le nkqubo ikuvumela ukuba usebenze ngeefolda zeRPi ngokulula njengakwindawo yasekhaya.

3. Umamkeli we-SDR

Ukuba sine-RTL-SDR okanye i-SDRPlay receiver, sinokuyisebenzisa kwi-Raspberry Pi usebenzisa i-GQRX okanye inkqubo yeCubicSDR. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba ube nomamkeli we-SDR ozimeleyo nothuleyo onokusebenza imini yonke.

Ndiyaxolisa ngomgangatho womfanekiso wekhusi kwiscreen sikamabonakude:

Ngoncedo lwe-RTL-SDR okanye i-SDRPlay, kuyenzeka ukuba ufumane imiqondiso eyahlukeneyo yerediyo ngokuphindaphinda ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 GHz (nokuba phezulu kancinci). Umzekelo, unokumamela kungekuphela nje irediyo ye-FM eqhelekileyo, kodwa kunye neencoko zabaqhubi beenqwelomoya okanye ezinye iinkonzo. Ngendlela, ii-amateurs zikanomathotholo ngoncedo lweRaspberry Pi zinokufumana kakuhle, zikhuphe iikhowudi kwaye zithumele imiqondiso kumncedisi. I-WSPR kunye nezinye iindlela zedijithali.

Ingxoxo eneenkcukacha yerediyo ye-SDR ingaphaya kobubanzi beli nqaku, unokufunda ngakumbi apha.

4. Iseva ye "smart home"

Kwabo bafuna ukwenza amakhaya abo abekrelekrele, unokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-OpenHAB yasimahla.

Oku akusiyo nje inkqubo, kodwa isakhelo esipheleleyo esineeplagi ezahlukeneyo, izikripthi ezikuvumela ukuba ulawule izixhobo ezahlukeneyo (i-Z-Wave, i-Philips Hue, njl.). Abo banqwenela banokufunda ngakumbi kwi-off.site https://www.openhab.org.

Ngendlela, kuba sithetha "ngekhaya elihlakaniphile", iRaspberry Pi inokuqhuba kakuhle iseva ye-MQTT enokusetyenziswa zizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zasekhaya.

5. Umxhasi weFlightRadar24

Ukuba ungumntu othanda ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya kwaye uhlala kwindawo apho ukhuseleko lweFlightRadar luhlwempuzekileyo, unokunceda uluntu kunye nabo bonke abahambi ngokufaka umamkeli. Into oyifunayo yi-RTL-SDR umamkeli kunye neRaspberry Pi. Njengebhonasi, uya kufumana ukufikelela simahla kwiakhawunti yeFlightRadar24 Pro.

Imiyalelo eneenkcukacha sele ipapashiwe kuHabr.

isiphelo

Kakade ke, asiyiyo yonke into edwelisiweyo apha. I-Raspberry Pi inamandla amaninzi okusebenza kwaye inokusetyenziswa kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwikhonsoli yomdlalo we-retro okanye uphononongo lwevidiyo, ukuya ekuqapheliseni ipleyiti yelayisensi, okanye njengenkonzo ye-astronomy. iikhamera zezulu zonke ukubukela iimeteors.

Hi ndlela leyi, oko kubhaliweyo akubalulekanga kuphela kwiRaspberry Pi, kodwa nakwii "clones" ezahlukeneyo (Asus Tinkerboard, Nano Pi, njl.), zonke iinkqubo ziya kusebenza kakhulu apho.

Ukuba abaphulaphuli banomdla (okuya kugqitywa ngokulinganiswa kwenqaku), isihloko sinokuqhutyelwa phambili.

Kwaye njengesiqhelo, ithamsanqa kumntu wonke.

umthombo: www.habr.com