Kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo, umbhali wandwendwela imarike yeentakumba ephethwe yi-W6TRW eNorthrop Grumman yokupaka iimoto eRedondo Beach, eCalifornia. Phakathi kweeTV ezimile okwebhere emhlophe kunye nobuninzi beetshaja zefowuni kunye nezixhobo zombane kwakukho ibhokisi yeplanga enesitshixo, isiphatho somthi, kunye ne-DB-25 yokudibanisa ecaleni. Ecaleni kwesiqhagamshelo kukho iswitshi: isiqingatha se-duplex - i-duplex epheleleyo. Umbhali uyayiqonda into eyiyo. Imodem. imodem yomthi. Oko kukuthi, imodem edityaniswe ngokuvakalayo ekhutshwe yiLivermore Data Systems malunga no-1965.
Imodem isekwimarike yeflea. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokufota, umbhali wayithenga nge-$ 20.
Kuba ingenguye wonke umntu owaziyo ukuba yintoni imodem edityaniswe ngokuvakalayo, uphambuko oluncinci kwimbali. Ingxaki yayikukuba kwakudala, yayingengoocingo kuphela ababeyimpahla yeenkampani zemfonomfono. Kwakhona kwafuneka baqeshe iiseti zemfonomfono. Abo bafundi bafumene i-daylap badibanisa iimodem ngqo kwimigca yefowuni. Kwaye ke, xa le modem yenziwe, kwakungavunyelwanga ukwenza njalo. Ngokomthetho waseMelika we-1934, kwakungenakwenzeka ukudibanisa nantoni na kwifowuni yasekhaya nangayiphi na indlela. Ngowe-1956, emva kokuba Hush-A-Phone Corp v. Umthetho wase-United States unyenyisiwe: ngendlela kwaba nokwenzeka ukudibanisa. Hush-A-Phone na .
Kwavunyelwa ngokusesikweni ukudibanisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kwintambo yefowuni ngombane e-USA ngo-1968 (). Kodwa kude kube yi-1978, eli thuba alikwazanga ukusetyenziswa, ekubeni iirhafu, iinkcukacha kunye neendlela zokuqinisekisa azizange ziphuhliswe. Ngoko ke, ukususela ngo-1956 ukuya ku-1978, kwaba nengqiqo ukusebenzisa iimodem ze-acoustically interface kunye noomatshini bokuphendula. Enyanisweni, bakhululwa ixesha elide - nge-inertia.
Le modem, ngoku imile kwidesika yombhali, liphepha elibalulekileyo kodwa elingaqhelekanga kwimbali. Yandulela isisombululo seCarterphone kwaye ngoko ayikwazi ukudibanisa ngqo kwinethiwekhi yomnxeba. Yenziwe ngaphambi kokuphuhliswa kwee-microcircuits ezininzi ezithathwa njengeklasikhi namhlanje. Inguqulelo yokuqala yale modem yakhululwa kunyaka nje emva kweBell 103, imodem yokuqala eyimpumelelo yorhwebo. Nanku umzekelo obalaseleyo wokuba mangaphi na amathuba anokucudiswa kwi-transistors ezilishumi elinesithathu. Emva koko le modem yalityalwa ixesha elide, de iividiyo ezimbini zenziwe malunga nayo, enye ngo-2009, enye ngo-2011:
I-blogger yevidiyo i-phreakmonkey ifumene ikopi yokuqala yemodem kunye nenani le-serial elingaphezulu nje kwe-200. Iimodem ezinjalo zihlukaniswa ngamatyala e-walnut, amacandelo adibaniswe ngama-dovetails. Ngokutsho kwe-phreakmonkey, eli nqaku lingasetyenziselwa ukujonga ukuba imodem indala kangakanani, kuba i-dovetails inzima kakhulu. Ukuqala ngenombolo ye-serial 850, iimodem zaqala ukufakwa kwimiba yeenkuni ze-teak kunye nokudibanisa kwebhokisi. Emva koko amalungu omzimba aqalisa ukudityaniswa nolwimi. IiNkqubo zeDatha yeLivermore ezifunekayo ukwenza iimodem ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza.
Kwi-blogger ye-2007 uBrent Hilpert wajonga kwimodem enjalo kwaye . Iskimu sakhe sinomdla ngakumbi. Zonke ii-transistors ezilishumi elinesithathu kwimodem zazisemgangathweni kwaye zixhaphake ngelo xesha. Enye i-germanium PNP transistor isetyenziswe apho ngenxa yesizathu esingacacanga kumbhali. IiTransistors zazo zonke ezi ntlobo ziselula ukuzifumana kwisitokhwe esidala namhlanje. Kuphela malunga namashumi amabini eedola - kwaye ezandleni zakho iseti epheleleyo ye-transistors eyimfuneko ukuphinda ngokuchanekileyo imodem efanayo. Enyanisweni, ezinye iinkcukacha ziya kufuneka, kuquka i-miniature transformers.
Ngokwenyani, umntu ukhuphe isixhobo sojongano lwe-acoustic kwimodem, enye ihambelana ngokupheleleyo namaxwebhu. Kukho iibhodi ezintathu kwi-backplane. Okokuqala - zonke iinkcukacha ze-PSU, ngaphandle kwe-transformer, okwesibini - i-modulator, okwesithathu - i-demodulator. I-2N5138 transistors ibhalwe: Iveki ye-37, 1969. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuseka ngokuchanekileyo umhla wokukhutshwa kwemodem ngokwayo, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba yenziwe kwaye yathunyelwa ngaphambi kowe-1970.
Uqhagamshelwano ngolwimi kunye negroove luthetha imodem ekhutshwa kade
Umbhali uthenge le modem nje ukuyigcina ekhaya. Le yimodem yokhuni, kodwa akukho namnye umntu owaziyo umbhali acinge ukuba upholile kangakanani. Le yinto yobugcisa, apho kukho izinto ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga. Umbhali wayefuna ukuyilungisa, kodwa waqonda ukuba ayinakwenzeka.
Okokuqala, oku kufuneka ufumane isixhobo sojongano lwe-acoustic. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwayo, abatyeleli kwimarike yeentakumba abazange baqonde ukuba luhlobo luni lwesixhobo esiphambi kwabo. I-logo ye-Livermore Data Systems kunye nenombolo ye-serial yayisekuqaleni kwesi sixhobo, kwaye ngoku ukungabikho kwabo kwenza kube nzima ukuba ezinye iindwendwe ziqaphele iimpahla njengemodem, kuba bengabasebenzi beemyuziyam zekhompyutha. Kuyahenda, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuprinta iinkcukacha zesixhobo sojongano lwe-acoustic, kodwa ngaba izandla ziya kufikelela kweli nqaku?
Okwesibini, iiparamitha ezininzi ze-capacitors ngokuqinisekileyo "zadada" kuyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kunomdla ukuthatha kunye nokuhlelwa kuzo zonke iibhodi, kodwa ukuba umbhali ufuna ukufumana imodem esebenzayo kunye nokudibanisa kwe-acoustic, kukho ukhetho olungcono.
Olu luyilo olunobuchule olubizwa ngokuba "", ephuhliswe yi-Chaos Computer Club ngo-1985 ekuphenduleni ukuvalwa okufanayo, okwaqhubeka nokusebenza eJamani. Imodem enjalo ilula, kwaye inamathuba amaninzi. Yenziwe kwi-chip ye-AM7910, isafumaneka ngamaxesha athile kwintengiso, kwaye isebenza ngesantya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1200 baud. Kuyenzeka ukuba wakhe imodem ukusuka ekuqaleni kuyo ngokukhawuleza kune transistors discrete.
Ngokubanzi, akukho sizathu sokubuyisela le modem yokhuni, kodwa kuye kwaba yinto enomdla kakhulu ukuyichitha, cwangcisa ifoto yesithombe kwaye ubuyisele yonke into njengoko yayinjalo. Phantse zonke i-electronics zazibukeka ngolu hlobo ukusuka ngaphakathi, de kwakukho ii-microcircuits kuyo. Kodwa ukuba ngokukhawuleza umbhali ufika kwisixhobo esine-acoustic interface esifanelekileyo kule modem, yena, ngokuqinisekileyo, uya kucinga kwakhona: mhlawumbi kusafanele ukuthatha ukulungiswa?
umthombo: www.habr.com