Wamkelekile kwisifundo sesi-8. Isifundo sibaluleke kakhulu, kuba... Ukugqiba kwakho, uya kuba nakho ukumisela ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi kubasebenzisi bakho! Ndimele ndivume ukuba abantu abaninzi bayayeka ukuseta ngeli xesha π Kodwa asikho omnye wabo! Kwaye sisenezinto ezininzi ezinomdla ezizayo. Kwaye ngoku kwisihloko sesifundo sethu.
Njengoko sele uqikelele, namhlanje siza kuthetha nge-NAT. Ndiqinisekile ukuba wonke umntu obukele esi sifundo uyazi ukuba yintoni i-NAT. Ngoko ke, asiyi kuchaza ngokweenkcukacha ukuba isebenza njani. Ndizakuphinda kwakhona ukuba i-NAT yitekhnoloji yokuguqulela idilesi eyenzelwe ukonga "imali emhlophe," okt. ii-IP zoluntu (ezo dilesi zihanjiswa kwi-Intanethi).
Kwisifundo sangaphambili, mhlawumbi sele uqaphele ukuba i-NAT yinxalenye yomgaqo-nkqubo woLawulo lokuFikelela. Oku kusengqiqweni. Kwi-SmartConsole, izicwangciso ze-NAT zibekwe kwithebhu eyahlukileyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo siza kujonga apho namhlanje. Ngokubanzi, kwesi sifundo siza kuxoxa ngeentlobo ze-NAT, siqwalasele ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi kwaye sijonge kumzekelo weklasi wokuthunyelwa kwe-port. Ezo. umsebenzi osetyenziswa rhoqo kwiinkampani. Masiqalise.
Iindlela ezimbini zokuqwalasela i-NAT
Indawo yokuKhangela ixhasa iindlela ezimbini zokuqwalasela i-NAT: I-NAT ezenzekelayo ΠΈ Incwadi ye-NAT. Ngaphezu koko, nganye kwezi ndlela kukho iindidi ezimbini zokuguqulela: Fihla i-NAT ΠΈ I-NAT engatshintshiyo. Ngokubanzi, kubonakala ngathi lo mfanekiso:
Ndiyaqonda ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba yonke into ibonakala intsonkothile ngoku, ngoko ke makhe sijonge uhlobo ngalunye ngeenkcukacha ezingakumbi.
I-NAT ezenzekelayo
Le yeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo nelula. Ukuqwalasela i-NAT kwenziwa ngocofa nje kabini. Ekuphela kwento ekufuneka uyenzile kukuvula iipropathi zento efunwayo (ingaba yisango, inethiwekhi, inginginya, njl.), yiya kwi-NAT ithebhu kwaye ujonge "Yongeza imigaqo yokuguqulela idilesi ngokuzenzekelayo" Apha uza kubona intsimi - indlela yokuguqulela. Kukho, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ezimbini zazo.
1. I-Aitomatic Fihla i-NAT
Ngokungagqibekanga yiFihla. Ezo. kulo mzekelo, umsebenzi womnatha wethu "uya kuzifihla" ngasemva kwedilesi ye-IP yoluntu. Kule meko, idilesi inokuthathwa kwi-interface yangaphandle yesango, okanye ungakhankanya enye enye. Olu hlobo lwe-NAT ludla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-dynamic okanye ezininzi-to-enye, ngokuba Iidilesi ezininzi zangaphakathi ziguqulelwa kwenye yangaphandle. Ngokwemvelo, oku kunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa amazibuko ahlukeneyo xa kusasazwa. Fihla i-NAT isebenza kuphela kwicala elinye (ukusuka ngaphakathi ukuya ngaphandle) kwaye ilungele uthungelwano lwendawo xa ufuna ukubonelela ngofikelelo kwi-Intanethi. Ukuba i-traffic iqaliswe kwinethiwekhi yangaphandle, ngoko i-NAT ngokwemvelo ayiyi kusebenza. Kuvela ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo kuthungelwano lwangaphakathi.
2. I-Automatic Static NAT
Fihla i-NAT ilungele wonke umntu, kodwa mhlawumbi kufuneka unikeze ufikelelo ukusuka kuthungelwano lwangaphandle ukuya kwiseva ethile yangaphakathi. Umzekelo, kwiseva ye-DMZ, njengakumzekelo wethu. Kule meko, i-Static NAT ingasinceda. Kwakhona kulula kakhulu ukuseta. Kwanele ukutshintsha indlela yokuguqulela kwi-Static kwiipropati zento kwaye ucacise idilesi ye-IP yoluntu eya kusetyenziselwa i-NAT (jonga umfanekiso ongentla). Ezo. ukuba umntu ovela kumnatha wangaphandle ufikelela kule dilesi (nakweyiphi na izibuko!), ngoko ke isicelo siya kuthunyelwa kumncedisi nge IP yangaphakathi. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba iseva ngokwayo iya kwi-intanethi, i-IP yayo nayo iya kutshintsha kwidilesi esiyichazile. Ezo. Le yiNAT kumacala omabini. Ikwabizwa ngokuba omnye komnye kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa iiseva zoluntu. Kutheni βngamanye amaxeshaβ? Ngenxa yokuba ine-drawback enye enkulu - idilesi ye-IP yoluntu igcwele ngokupheleleyo (onke amazibuko). Awunakusebenzisa idilesi kawonke wonke kwiiseva ezahlukeneyo zangaphakathi (ezineezibuko ezahlukeneyo). Umzekelo HTTP, FTP, SSH, SMTP, njl. Incwadi ye-NAT inokusombulula le ngxaki.
Incwadi ye-NAT
Ubugqwirha beNcwadana ye-NAT kukuba kufuneka uzenzele imithetho yoguqulo ngokwakho. Kwi-NAT ithebhu efanayo kuMgaqo-nkqubo woLawulo lokuFikelela. Kwangaxeshanye, iManual NAT ikuvumela ukuba wenze imithetho entsonkothileyo yokuguqulela. Le mimandla ilandelayo iyafumaneka kuwe: Umthombo woqobo, indawo yokuQala yokuFikela, iiNkonzo zoQoqo, uMthombo oGuquliweyo, iNdawo eGuquliweyo, iiNkonzo eziGuquliweyo.
Kukho neentlobo ezimbini ze-NAT ezinokwenzeka apha - Fihla kunye ne-Static.
1. Fihla i-NAT ngesandla
Fihla i-NAT kule meko ingasetyenziswa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Imizekelo embalwa:
- Xa ufikelela kumthombo othile kumsebenzi womnatha wendawo, ufuna ukusebenzisa idilesi yosasazo eyahlukileyo (eyahlukileyo kuleyo isetyenziselwa zonke ezinye iimeko).
- Kukho inani elikhulu leekhompyuter kwinethiwekhi yendawo. I-Automatic Fihla i-NAT ayizukusebenza apha, kuba... Ngolu cwangciso, kunokwenzeka ukuseta idilesi enye ye-IP kawonkewonke, emva kwayo iikhomputha "ziya kuzifihla". Kusenokungabikho amazibuko aneleyo osasazo. Kukho, njengoko ukhumbula, ngaphezu kwama-65 amawaka. Ngapha koko, ikhompyuter nganye inokuvelisa amakhulu eeseshini. I-Manual Fihla i-NAT ikuvumela ukuba usete iqela leedilesi ze-IP zoluntu kwindawo yoMthombo oGuquliweyo. Ngolo kwandisa inani leenguqulelo zeNAT ezinokwenzeka.
2.Manual Static NAT
I-NAT engatshintshiyo isetyenziswa rhoqo xa kuyilwa imithetho yoguqulo. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo kugqithiso lwezibuko. Imeko xa idilesi kawonke-wonke ye-IP (enokuthi ibe yeyesango) ifunyenwe kuthungelwano lwangaphandle kwizibuko elithile kwaye isicelo siguqulelwa kumthombo wangaphakathi. Kumsebenzi wethu waselabhoratri, siya kuthumela izibuko lama-80 kwiseva ye-DMZ.
Isifundo sevidiyo
Hlala ubukele ngakumbi kwaye uzibandakanye nathi π
umthombo: www.habr.com