Uhlobo lomhla.
Ndichithe iminyaka embalwa edlulileyo ndiphanda kwaye ndidala iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa komqondiso wesithuba kwii-eriyali eziguquguqukayo, kwaye ndiqhubeke nokwenza oko njengenxalenye yomsebenzi wam wangoku. Apha ndingathanda ukwabelana ngolwazi kunye namaqhinga endiwafumene ngokwam. Ndiyathemba ukuba oku kuya kuba luncedo kubantu abaqala ukufunda le ndawo yokusetyenzwa kwemiqondiso okanye abo banomdla nje.
Yintoni uluhlu lwe-eriyali eguqukayo?
– le yiseti yezinto ze-eriyali ezibekwe esithubeni ngandlel’ ithile. Ulwakhiwo olulula lwe-antenna ehambelanayo, esiza kuyiqwalasela, inokumelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ii-eriyali eziguqukayo zidla ngokubizwa ngokuba zii-eriyali “ezihlakaniphile” (). Yintoni eyenza uluhlu lwe-antenna "i-smart" yiyunithi yokucwangcisa umqondiso wendawo kunye ne-algorithms ephunyeziweyo kuyo. Ezi algorithms zihlalutya umqondiso ofunyenweyo kwaye zenze isethi yokulinganisa i-coefficients $ inline $ w_1…w_N $ inline $, emisela i-amplitude kunye nesigaba sokuqala somqondiso wento nganye. Unikezelo lwenqanaba le-amplitude lumisela i-lattice yonke iyonke. Ukukwazi ukudibanisa ipateni ye-radiation yesimo esifunekayo kwaye uyitshintshe ngexesha lokucubungula umqondiso yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ze-antenna arrays, evumela ukuxazulula uluhlu olubanzi lweengxaki. . Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.
Yenziwa njani ipateni yemitha?
ibonisa amandla omqondiso akhutshwa kwicala elithile. Ukuze kube lula, sicinga ukuba i-lattice elements is isotropic, i.e. ngamnye kubo, amandla omqondiso okhutshiweyo akaxhomekeke kwisalathiso. Ukwandiswa okanye ukuthotywa kwamandla akhutshwe yi-grating kwicala elithile lifunyenwe ngenxa Amaza ombane akhutshwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo zoluhlu lwe-eriyali. Ipateni ezinzileyo yophazamiseko lwamaza ombane inokwenzeka kuphela ukuba , okt. umehluko wesigaba semiqondiso akufanele utshintshe ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngokufanelekileyo, into nganye yoluhlu lwe-eriyali kufuneka ikhazimle kwi-carrier frequency frequency $inline$f_{0}$inline$. Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni umntu kufuneka asebenze ngeempawu ze-narrowband ezinobubanzi obunqamlekileyo $inline$Delta f <<f_{0}$inline$.
Vumela zonke izinto ze-AR zikhuphe uphawu olufanayo nge $inline$x_n(t)=u(t)$inline$. Emva koko kumamkeli, umqondiso ofunyenwe kwi-n-th element unokumelwa kuyo ifom:
$$display$$a_n(t) = u(t-tau_n)e^{i2pi f_0(t-tau_n)}$$display$$
apho i-$ inline$ tau_n$inline$ kukulibaziseka kokusasazwa komqondiso ukusuka kwinto ye-eriyali ukuya kwindawo yokufumana.
Umqondiso onjalo "quasi-harmonic", kunye nokwanelisa imeko yokuhambelana, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukulibaziseka okukhulu ekusasazeni kwamaza ombane we-electromagnetic phakathi kwazo naziphi na izinto ezimbini kuncinci kakhulu kunexesha leempawu zokutshintsha kwimvulophu yesignali $ inline $ T $ inline $, i.e. $inline$u(t-tau_n) ≈ u(t-tau_m)$inline$. Ke ngoko, imeko yokuhambelana komqondiso webhanti encinci ingabhalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
$$display$$T≈frac{1}{Delta f}>>frac{D_{max}}{c}=max(tau_k-tau_m) $$display$$
apho i-$ inline $D_{max}$inline$ ngumgama omkhulu phakathi kwezinto ze-AR, kunye ne-$inline$с$inline$ yisantya sokukhanya.
Xa umqondiso ufunyenwe, ukuhlanganisa okuhambelanayo kwenziwa ngedijithali kwiyunithi yokucubungula indawo. Kule meko, ixabiso elintsonkothileyo lophawu lwedijithali kwimveliso yale block limiselwa libinzana:
$$display$$y=sum_{n=1}^Nw_n^*x_n$$display$$
Kukulungele ngakumbi ukumela intetho yokugqibela kwifom I-N-dimensional complex vectors kwimo ye-matrix:
$$display$$y=(textbf{w},textbf{x})=textbf{w}^Htextbf{x}$$display$$
apho w и x zivectors zekholamu, kwaye $inline$(.)^H$inline$ ngumsebenzi .
Ukubonakaliswa kweVector yemiqondiso yenye yezona zinto zisisiseko xa usebenza kunye ne-antenna arrays, kuba ihlala ikuvumela ukuba uphephe izibalo ezinzima zezibalo. Ukongeza, ukuchonga umqondiso ofunyenwe ngexesha elithile ngexesha kunye ne-vector kaninzi kuvumela umntu ukuba akhuphe kwinkqubo yokwenyani yomzimba kwaye aqonde ukuba yintoni kanye eyenzekayo kwimbono yejometri.
Ukubala ipateni yemitha yoluhlu lwe-eriyali, kufuneka "uqalise" ngengqondo kwaye ngokulandelelanayo ukusuka kuzo zonke iindlela ezinokwenzeka. Kule meko, amaxabiso ezinto zevector x inokumelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
$$display$$x_n=s_n=exp{-i(textbf{k}(phi,theta),textbf{r}_n)}$$display$$
apho k - , $inline$phi$inline$ and $inline$theta$inline$ - и , ibonakalisa isalathiso sokufika kwendiza yendiza, $inline$textbf{r}_n$inline$ lulungelelwaniso lwe element ye-eriyali, $inline$s_n$inline$ lilungu le vector ephumayo s amaza endiza enevector yamaza k (kuncwadi lwesiNgesi i-phasing vector ibizwa ngokuba yi-steerage vector). Ukuxhomekeka kwi-amplitude ephindwe kabini yobuninzi y ukusuka ku-$inline$phi$inline$ kunye ne-$inline$theta$inline$imisela ipateni yemitha yoluhlu lwe-eriyali yolwamkelo lwevektha enikiweyo yobunzima bomlinganiso w.
Iimpawu zepateni yemitha ye-antenna
Kukulungele ukufunda iipropati ngokubanzi zepateni yemitha ye-eriyali yoluhlu kuluhlu lwe-eriyali elinganayo elinganayo kwinqwelomoya ethe tye (oko kukuthi, ipateni ixhomekeke kuphela kwi-engile ye-azimuthal $inline$phi$inline$). Ilungele ukusuka kumanqaku amabini okujonga: izibalo zohlalutyo kunye nenkcazo ebonakalayo.
Masibale i-DN yobunzima beyunithi yevektha ($inline$w_n=1, n = 1 ... N$inline$), ilandela okuchaziweyo ukusondela.
Izibalo apha
Uqikelelo lwevector yamaza kwi-axis ethe nkqo: $inline$k_v=-frac{2pi}{lambda}sinphi$inline$
Ulungelelwaniso oluthe nkqo lwento ye-eriyali enesalathiso n: $inline$r_{nv}=(n-1)d$inline$
kuyinto d -Ixesha le-antenna (umgama phakathi kwezinto ezimeleneyo), λ - ubude bamaza. Zonke ezinye izinto zevektha r zilingana no-zero.
Isiginali efunyenwe luluhlu lwe-eriyali irekhodwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
$$display$$y=sum_{n=1}^{N}1 ⋅exp{i2pi nfrac{d}{lambda}sinphi}$$display$$
Masisebenzise ifomula ye и :
$$display$$y=frac{1-exp{i2pi Nfrac{d}{lambda}sinphi}}{1-exp{i2pi frac{d}{lambda}sinphi}}}=frac{sin(pi frac{Nd} {lambda}sinphi)}{sin(pi frac{d}{lambda}sinphi)}exp{ipi frac{d(N-1)}{lambda}sinphi}$$display$$
Ngenxa yoko sifumana:
$$display$$F(phi)=|y|^2=frac{sin^2(pi frac{Nd}{lambda}sinphi)}{sin^2(pi frac{d}{lambda}sinphi)} $ $umboniso$$
Ukuphindaphinda kwepateni yemitha
Isiphumo sepateni yoluhlu lwemitha ye-eriyali ngumsebenzi wexesha lesine we-engile. Oku kuthetha ukuba kumaxabiso athile omlinganiselo d/λ inediffraction (eyongezelelweyo) maxima.
Ipateni ye-radiation engekho-standard ye-antenna array ye-N = 5
Ipateni yemitha eqhelekileyo ye-antenna array ye-N = 5 kwinkqubo yokulungelelaniswa kwe-polar
Indawo ye "diffraction detectors" inokujongwa ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka yeDN. Nangona kunjalo, siya kuzama ukuqonda apho zivela khona ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nejometri (kwindawo ye-N-dimensional).
Izinto iVector s zi-exponents ezintsonkothileyo $inline$e^{iPsi n}$inline$, amaxabiso amiselwa lixabiso le-engile eqhelekileyo $inline$Psi = 2pi frac{d}{lambda}sinphi$inline$. Ukuba kukho ii-engile ezimbini ezilungelelanisiweyo ezihambelana nezalathiso ezahlukeneyo zokufika kwamaza endiza, apho i-$inline$Psi_1 = Psi_2 + 2pi m$inline$, oku kuthetha izinto ezimbini:
- Ngokwasemzimbeni: Imiphetho yamaza endiza evela kula macala yenza usasazo lwenqanaba le-amplitude elifanayo lokujikeleza kombane kwizinto zoludwe lwe-eriyali.
- Ngokwejiyometri: kuba la macala mabini ayangqinelana.
Izalathiso zokufika kwamaza anxulumene ngale ndlela zilingana ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga uluhlu lwe-eriyali kwaye azibonakali omnye komnye.
Indlela yokumisela ummandla wee-engile apho kuphela ubuninzi obuphambili be-DP buhlala buhlala? Masenze oku kummandla we-azimuth ye-zero ukusuka kwezi ngqwalasela zilandelayo: ubukhulu besigaba sokutshintsha phakathi kwezinto ezimbini ezimeleneyo kufuneka zilale kuluhlu olusuka ku-$inline$-pi$inline$ ukuya kwi-$inline$pi$inline$.
$$display$$-pi<2pifrac{d}{lambda}sinphi
Ukusombulula oku kungalingani, sifumana imeko yendawo eyodwa kwindawo enguziro:
$$display$$|sinphi|
Kungabonwa ukuba ubungakanani bommandla wokungafani kwi-angle buxhomekeke kubudlelwane d/λ. ukuba d = 0.5λ, ngoko isalathiso ngasinye sokufika komqondiso "ngomntu", kwaye ummandla oyingqayizivele uhlanganisa uluhlu olupheleleyo lwee-angles. Ukuba d = 2.0λ, emva koko imiyalelo 0, ±30, ±90 iyalingana. I-diffraction lobes ibonakala kwipateni yemitha.
Ngokwesiqhelo, ii-lobes ze-diffraction zifunwa ukuba zicinezelwe kusetyenziswa izinto ze-eriyali ezalathisayo. Kule meko, ipateni epheleleyo yemitha yoluhlu lwe-antenna yimveliso yepateni yento enye kunye noluhlu lwezinto ze-isotropic. Iiparamitha zepatheni yento enye zihlala zikhethwa ngokusekwe kwimeko yommandla wokungacaci koluhlu lwe-eriyali.
Ububanzi belobe engundoqo
Ifomula yobunjineli yokuqikelela ububanzi belobe ephambili yenkqubo ye-eriyali: $inline$Delta phi ≈ frac{lambda}{D}$inline$, apho iD isayizi yeempawu ze-eriyali. Ifomula isetyenziselwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-eriyali, kuquka nezipili. Masibonise ukuba iyasebenza kuluhlu lwe-eriyali.
Makhe sinqume ububanzi be-lobe ephambili nge-zero yokuqala yepateni kwindawo yobuninzi obuphezulu. Numerator kuba i-$inline$F(phi)$inline$ iyanyamalala xa i-$inline$sinphi=mfrac{lambda}{dN}$inline$. Ooziro bokuqala bahambelana ne-m = ±1. $inline$frac{lambda}{dN}<1$inline$ sifumana i$inline$Delta phi = 2frac{lambda}{dN}$inline$.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ububanzi bepateni yokuqondisa i-antenna bunqunywe ngumgangatho wesiqingatha samandla (-3 dB). Kule meko, sebenzisa eli binzana:
$$display$$Delta phi≈0.88frac{lambda}{dN}$$display$$
Umzekelo:
Ububanzi belobe ephambili bunokulawulwa ngokuseta amaxabiso ahlukeneyo e-amplitude ye-eriyali yoluhlu lobunzima bomlinganiso. Makhe siqwalasele izahlulo ezintathu:
- Unikezelo lwe-amplitude efanayo (ubunzima 1): $inline$w_n=1$inline$.
- Amaxabiso e-amplitude ehla ukuya kwincam zegrayiti (ubunzima 2): $inline$w_n=0.5+0.3cos(2pifrac{n-1}{N}-pifrac{N-1}{N})$inline$
- Amaxabiso e-amplitude anyuka ukuya kwincam yegrayiti (ubunzima 3): $inline$w_n=0.5-0.3cos(2pifrac{n-1}{N}-pifrac{N-1}{N})$inline$
Umzobo ubonisa isiphumo seepateni eziqhelekileyo zemitha kwisikali se-logarithmic:
Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zingalandelelwa ukusuka kumfanekiso: ukusabalalisa kwe-coefficient amplitudes eyancipha ukuya kwimida ye-array kukhokelela ekwandiseni i-lobe ephambili yepateni, kodwa ukuncipha kwinqanaba le-side lobes. Amaxabiso e-amplitude enyuka ukuya kwimida ye-antenna array, ngokuchaseneyo, kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwe-lobe ephambili kunye nokunyuka kwinqanaba le-lobes esecaleni. Kukulungele ukuqwalasela iimeko zokukhawulelana apha:
- I-amplitudes ye-weighting coefficients yazo zonke izinto ngaphandle kwezo zigqithisayo zilingana no-zero. Ubunzima bezinto zangaphandle zilingana nenye. Kule meko, i-lattice ilingana ne-AR ye-elementi ezimbini kunye nexesha D = (N-1)d. Akunzima ukuqikelela ububanzi bepetali engundoqo usebenzisa ifomula echazwe ngasentla. Kule meko, i-sidewalls iya kujika ibe yi-diffraction maxima kwaye ihambelane neyona nto iphezulu.
- Ubunzima bento ephakathi bulingana nenye, kwaye zonke ezinye zilingana no-zero. Kule meko, sifumene i-eriyali enye enepateni yemitha ye-isotropic.
Umkhomba-ndlela wowona mkhulu
Ke, sijonge indlela onokuthi ulungelelanise ngayo ububanzi belobe ephambili ye-AP AP. Ngoku makhe sibone indlela yokuqondisa indlela. Masikhumbule ngophawu olufunyenweyo. Masifune ubuninzi bepateni yemitha ukujonga kwicala elithile $inline$phi_0$inline$. Oku kuthetha ukuba awona mandla aphezulu kufuneka afunyanwe ukusuka kweli cala. Olu lwalathiso lungqamana nevektha yesigaba $inline$textbf{s}(phi_0)$inline$ in N-Isithuba se-vector esine-dimensional, kunye namandla afunyenweyo achazwa njengesikwere semveliso ye-scalar yale vector yesigaba kunye ne-vector ye-weighting coefficients. w. Imveliso ye-scalar yee-vectors ezimbini iphezulu xa , okt. $inline$textbf{w}=beta textbf{s}(phi_0)$inline$, apho β – into eqhelekileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba sikhetha i-vector yobunzima obulingana ne-vector yesigaba solwalathiso olufunekayo, siya kujikeleza ubuninzi bepateni yemitha.
Qwalasela le miba ilandelayo yokulinganisa njengomzekelo: $inline$textbf{w}=textbf{s}(10°)$inline$
$$display$$w_n=exp{i2pifrac{d}{lambda}(n-1)sin(10pi/180)}$$display$$
Ngenxa yoko, sifumana ipateni ye-radiation kunye neyona nto iphezulu kwindlela ye-10 °.
Ngoku sisebenzisa i-coefficients yokulinganisa efanayo, kodwa kungekhona ukufumana umqondiso, kodwa ukuhanjiswa. Kuyafaneleka ukuqwalasela apha ukuba xa uhambisa umqondiso, isalathiso se-vector wave sitshintsha ukuya kwelinye. Oku kuthetha ukuba iziqalelo ukwamkela kunye nokudluliselwa ziyahluka kwisibonakaliso se-exponent, i.e. zidityaniswe ngokudityaniswa okuntsokothileyo. Ngenxa yoko, sifumana ubuninzi bepateni yemitha yosasazo ukuya kwicala le--10 °, elingahambelani nobuninzi bepateni yemitha yolwamkelo kunye nemilinganiselo yobunzima obufanayo Ukulungisa imeko, kuyimfuneko ukuba sebenzisa ukudibanisa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwi-coefficients yobunzima ngokunjalo.
Uphawu oluchaziweyo lokubunjwa kweepatheni zokwamkelwa kunye nokuhanjiswa kufuneka kuhlale kukhunjulwa xa usebenza kunye ne-antenna arrays.
Masidlale ngepateni yemitha
Eziphakamileyo ezininzi
Masibeke umsebenzi wokwenza i-maxima ezimbini eziphambili zepateni ye-radiation kwicala: -5 ° kunye ne-10 °. Ukwenza oku, sikhetha njengevektha yobunzima isixa esilinganisiweyo se-vectors yezigaba ezihambelanayo.
$$display$$textbf{w} = betatextbf{s}(10°)+(1-beta)textbf{s}(-5°)$$display$$
Ukulungelelanisa umlinganiselo β Unokulungelelanisa umlinganiselo phakathi kweepetali eziphambili. Apha kwakhona kulungele ukujonga okwenzekayo kwindawo ye-vector. Ukuba β mkhulu kuno-0.5, emva koko i-vector ye-weighting coefficients ilele kufutshane nayo s(10 °), kungenjalo ukuya s(-5 °). I-vector yobunzima obusondeleyo kwenye ye-phasors, inkulu imveliso ye-scalar ehambelanayo, kwaye ngoko ke ixabiso le-DP ephezulu ehambelanayo.
Nangona kunjalo, kufanelekile ukuqwalasela ukuba zombini iipetali eziphambili zinobubanzi obunqamlekileyo, kwaye ukuba sifuna ukudibanisa kwiindlela ezimbini ezisondeleyo, ke ezi petals ziya kudibana zibe nye, zijoliswe kwicala eliphakathi.
Ubuninzi obunye kunye no-zero
Ngoku makhe sizame ukunyenyisa ubuninzi bepateni yemitha ukuya kwicala $inline$phi_1=10°$inline$ kwaye kwangaxeshanye ucinezele umqondiso ovela kwicala $inline$phi_2=-5°$inline$. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ubeke i-DN zero kwi-angle ehambelanayo. Unokwenza oku ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
$$display$$textbf{w}=textbf{s}_1-frac{textbf{s}_2^Htextbf{s}_1}{N}textbf{s}_2$$display$$
apho i-$inline$textbf{s}_1 = textbf{s}(10°)$inline$, kunye ne-$inline$textbf{s}_2 = textbf{s}(-5°)$inline$.
Intsingiselo yejometri yokukhetha i-vector yobunzima ilandelayo. Sifuna le vector w inothelekelelo oluphezulu kwi $inline$textbf{s}_1$inline$ kwaye yayingexesha elinye i-orthogonal kwivektha $inline$textbf{s}_2$inline$. I-vector $inline$textbf{s}_1$inline$ inokumelwa njengemimiselo emibini: i-collinear vector $inline$textbf{s}_2$inline$ kunye ne-orthogonal vector $inline$textbf{s}_2$inline$. Ukwanelisa ingxelo yengxaki, kuyafuneka ukuba ukhethe icandelo lesibini njengevektha yobunzima bee-coefficients. w. Icandelo le-collinear lingabalwa ngokubonisa i-vector $inline$textbf{s}_1$inline$ kwivektha yesiqhelo $inline$frac{textbf{s}_2}{sqrt{N}}$inline$ usebenzisa imveliso ye-scalar.
$$display$$textbf{s}_{1||}=frac{textbf{s}_2}{sqrt{N}}frac{textbf{s}_2^Htextbf{s}_1}{sqrt{N}} $$bonisa$$
Ngokufanelekileyo, ukuthabatha icandelo layo le-collinear kwivektha yesigaba sokuqala $inline$textbf{s}_1$inline$, sifumana ivektha yobunzima obufunwayo.
Amanye amanqaku ongezelelweyo
- Kuyo yonke indawo apha ngasentla, ndiwushiyile umba wokulungelelanisa i-vector yobunzima, i.e. ubude bayo. Ke, ukuqheleka kwe-vector yobunzima akuchaphazeli iimpawu zepateni yemitha ye-antenna: isalathiso sowona mkhulu, ububanzi belobe ephambili, njl. Kwakhona kunokuboniswa ukuba oku kuqhelekileyo akuchaphazeli i-SNR kwimveliso yeyunithi yokucubungula indawo. Kule nkalo, xa siqwalasela i-algorithms yokucwangcisa umqondiso wendawo, ngokuqhelekileyo samkela iyunithi eqhelekileyo ye-vector yesisindo, i.e. $inline$textbf{w}^Htextbf{w}=1$inline$
- Amathuba okwenza ipateni yoluhlu lwe-eriyali igqitywe linani lezinto ze-N. Izinto ezininzi, zibanzi ngakumbi. Idigri ezininzi zenkululeko xa kuphunyezwa ukusetyenzwa kobunzima bomhlaba, kokukhona ukhetho oluninzi lwendlela "yokujija" i-vector yobunzima kwisithuba se-N-dimensional.
- Xa ufumana iipateni zemitha, uluhlu lwe-antenna alukho ngokwasemzimbeni, kwaye konke oku kukho kuphela "kumfanekiso" weyunithi yekhompyuter eqhuba umqondiso. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwangaxeshanye kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa iipateni ezininzi kunye nokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo imiqondiso evela kumacala ahlukeneyo. Kwimeko yosasazo, yonke into inzima ngakumbi, kodwa kuyenzeka kwakhona ukudibanisa ii-DN ezininzi ukuhambisa imijelo yedatha eyahlukeneyo. Le teknoloji kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano ibizwa ngokuba .
- Usebenzisa ikhowudi ye matlab ebonisiweyo, ungadlala ujikeleze nge-DN ngokwakho
Ikhowudi% antenna array settings N = 10; % number of elements d = 0.5; % period of antenna array wLength = 1; % wavelength mode = 'receiver'; % receiver or transmitter % weights of antenna array w = ones(N,1); % w = 0.5 + 0.3*cos(2*pi*((0:N-1)-0.5*(N-1))/N).'; % w = 0.5 - 0.3*cos(2*pi*((0:N-1)-0.5*(N-1))/N).'; % w = exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(10/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).'; % b = 0.5; w = b*exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(+10/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).' + (1-b)*exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(-5/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).'; % b = 0.5; w = b*exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(+3/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).' + (1-b)*exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(-3/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).'; % s1 = exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(10/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).'; % s2 = exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*sin(-5/180*pi)*(0:N-1)).'; % w = s1 - (1/N)*s2*s2'*s1; % w = s1; % normalize weights w = w./sqrt(sum(abs(w).^2)); % set of angle values to calculate pattern angGrid_deg = (-90:0.5:90); % convert degree to radian angGrid = angGrid_deg * pi / 180; % calculate set of steerage vectors for angle grid switch (mode) case 'receiver' s = exp(2i*pi*d/wLength*bsxfun(@times,(0:N-1)',sin(angGrid))); case 'transmitter' s = exp(-2i*pi*d/wLength*bsxfun(@times,(0:N-1)',sin(angGrid))); end % calculate pattern y = (abs(w'*s)).^2; %linear scale plot(angGrid_deg,y/max(y)); grid on; xlim([-90 90]); % log scale % plot(angGrid_deg,10*log10(y/max(y))); % grid on; % xlim([-90 90]);
Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokusonjululwa kusetyenziswa uluhlu lwe-eriyali eguqukayo?
Ulwamkelo olugqibeleleyo lomqondiso ongaziwayoUkuba isalathiso sokufika komqondiso asaziwa (kwaye ukuba ijelo lonxibelelwano li-multipath, kukho izikhokelo ezininzi ngokubanzi), ngoko ngokuhlalutya umqondiso ofunyenwe luluhlu lwe-antenna, kunokwenzeka ukwenza i-vector yobunzima obufanelekileyo. w ukuze i-SNR kwimveliso yeyunithi yokucubungula indawo iya kuba yinto ephezulu.
Elona phawu lolwamkelo luchasene nengxolo yangasemvaApha ingxaki ifakwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: iiparamitha zendawo yomqondiso osebenzayo olindelekileyo ziyaziwa, kodwa kukho imithombo yokuphazamiseka kwimeko yangaphandle. Kuyimfuneko ukwandisa i-SINR kwimveliso ye-AP, ukunciphisa impembelelo yokuphazamiseka ekufumaneni umqondiso kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ugqithiso lwesignali olulungileyo kumsebenzisiLe ngxaki isonjululwe kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano lweselula (4G, 5G), kunye nakwi-Wi-Fi. Intsingiselo ilula: ngoncedo lwezibonakaliso ezikhethekileyo zomqhubi kwijelo lempendulo yomsebenzisi, iimpawu zendawo zesiteshi sonxibelelwano ziyahlolwa, kwaye ngesiseko salo, i-vector ye-weighting coefficients efanelekileyo yokudluliselwa ikhethiwe.
Uphindaphindo lwesithuba semithombo yedathaUluhlu lwe-eriyali olulungelelanisayo luvumela ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kubasebenzisi abaninzi ngexesha elinye kwifrikhwensi enye, yenze ipateni yomntu ngamnye kubo. Le teknoloji ibizwa ngokuba yi-MU-MIMO kwaye ngoku iphunyezwa ngokusebenzayo (kwaye kwenye indawo sele ikhona) kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano. Ithuba lokuphindaphinda indawo linikezelwa, umzekelo, kwi-4G LTE yonxibelelwano lweselula, umgangatho we-IEEE802.11ay Wi-Fi, kunye nemigangatho yonxibelelwano yeselula ye-5G.
Uluhlu lwe-eriyali ebonakalayo yeeradaUluhlu lwe-eriyali yedijithali yenza ukuba kube nokwenzeka, kusetyenziswa izinto ezininzi zokuhambisa i-eriyali, ukwenza uluhlu lwe-eriyali enenyani enobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu bokusetyenzwa komqondiso. Igridi enenyani inazo zonke iimpawu zeyokwenene, kodwa ifuna i-hardware encinci ukuphumeza.
Uqikelelo lweeparamitha zemithombo yemithaUluhlu lwe-antenna olulungelelanisayo luvumela ukusombulula ingxaki yokuqikelela inani, amandla, imithombo yokukhutshwa kwerediyo, seka unxibelelwano lweenkcukacha-manani phakathi kwemiqondiso evela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Olona ncedo luphambili lwezixhobo ze-eriyali eziguquguqukayo kulo mba kukukwazi ukusombulula imithombo yemitha ekufutshane. Imithombo, umgama we-angular phakathi kwawo ongaphantsi kobubanzi bendawo engundoqo yepateni yemitha ye-eriyali (). Oku kunokwenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yokumelwa kwevektha yomqondiso, imodeli yesignali eyaziwayo, kunye nezixhobo zemathematika zomgca.
Enkosi ngqalelo
umthombo: www.habr.com