Kulungile, akunjalo. Yayiyi-clickbait encinci emdaka. Kodwa kwinkomfa ye-RIPE NCC Days, eyayibanjwe ngoSeptemba 24-25 e-Kyiv, kwabhengezwa ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwe-subnets / 22 kwi-LIRs entsha kungekudala. Ingxaki yokudinwa kwendawo yedilesi ye-IPv4 sele kuthethwe ngayo ixesha elide. Sekuyiminyaka emalunga ne-7 ukususela okokugqibela / iibhloko ezisi-8 zabelwa iirejistri zengingqi. Ngaphandle kwayo yonke imilinganiselo yothintelo kunye nemiqathango, into engenakuthintelwa ayinakuphetshwa. Apha ngezantsi kukunqunyulwa okusilindeleyo kulo mba.
Ukugqitywa kwembali
Xa zonke ezi Internets zakho zazisenziwa nje, abantu babecinga ukuba amasuntswana angama-32 okujongana nawo aya kwanela wonke umntu. I-232 imalunga ne-4.2 yeebhiliyoni zeedilesi zesixhobo sothungelwano. Emva phayaa ngeminyaka yee-80, ngaba imibutho embalwa yokuqala ethe yajoyina inethiwekhi yayicinga ukuba kukho umntu oza kufuna okungakumbi? Kutheni, irejista yokuqala yeedilesi yayigcinwe ngumfana omnye ogama linguJon Postel ngesandla, phantse kwincwadana eqhelekileyo. Kwaye unokucela ibhlokhi entsha ngefowuni. Ngamathuba athile, idilesi yangoku eyabelweyo iye yapapashwa njengoxwebhu lweRFC. Umzekelo, kwi , epapashwe ngoSeptemba 1981, iphawula okokuqala ukuba siqhelene ne-32-bit notation yeedilesi ze-IP.
Kodwa lo mbono wabanjwa, kwaye inethiwekhi yehlabathi yaqala ukuphuhlisa ngokusebenzayo. Yile ndlela irejista yokuqala ye-elektroniki yavela ngayo, kodwa ayizange ivumba ngathi nantoni na eqhotsiweyo. Ukuba bekukho ulungelelwaniso, bekunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane ubuncinci ibhloko ye-8 (ngaphezu kweedilesi ezizigidi ezili-16) esandleni esinye. Oku akuthethi ukuba ingqiqo yajongwa kakhulu ngelo xesha.
Sonke siyaqonda ukuba xa usebenzisa isibonelelo, ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva kuya kuphelelwa (iintsikelelo kwi-mammoths). Ngo-2011, i-IANA, eyayisasaza iibhloko zeedilesi kwihlabathi jikelele, yasasaza ezokugqibela /8 kwiirejistri zengingqi. NgoSeptemba 15, 2012, i-RIPE NCC ibhengeze ukuchithwa kwe-IPv4 kwaye yaqala ukusasaza akukho ngaphezu kwe-/22 (idilesi ze-1024) kwizandla ze-LIR enye (nangona kunjalo, yavumela ukuvulwa kwee-LIR ezininzi kwinkampani enye). Ngomhla we-17 ku-Epreli, i-2018, ibhloko yokugqibela ye-185/8 yaphela, kwaye ukususela ngoko, unyaka kunye nesiqingatha, ii-LIR ezintsha ziye zadla i-crumbs yesonka kunye nedlelo - iibhloko ezibuyiselwe echibini ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ngoku nazo ziyaphela. Ungayibukela le nkqubo ngexesha lokwenyani .
Wemka uloliwe
Ngexesha lengxelo yenkomfa, malunga ne-1200 eqhubekayo / iibhloko ezingama-22 zihlala zikhona. Kunye nequla elikhulu lezicelo ezingalungiswanga zolwabiwo. Ukubeka nje ngokulula, ukuba awukabi yi-LIR, ibhloko yokugqibela /22 ayisenakwenzeka kuwe. Ukuba sele uyi-LIR, kodwa awuzange ufake isicelo sokugqibela /22, lisekhona ithuba. Kodwa kungcono ungenise isicelo sakho izolo.
Ukongeza kokuqhubekayo / i-22, kukho nethuba lokufumana ukhetho oludibeneyo - ukudibanisa / 23 kunye / okanye / 24. Nangona kunjalo, ngokoqikelelo lwangoku, zonke ezi zinto zinokwenzeka ziya kupheliswa kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa. Kuqinisekisiwe ukuba ekupheleni kwalo nyaka unokulibala malunga ne-22.
Oovimba abambalwa
Ngokwendalo, iidilesi azicaciswanga ziye kutsho ku-zero. I-RIPE ishiye indawo ethile yeedilesi kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo:
- /13 ukuqeshwa okwethutyana. Iidilesi zinokwabelwa ngesicelo sokuphunyezwa kweminye imisebenzi yexesha elilinganiselweyo (umzekelo, uvavanyo, ukubamba iinkomfa, njl.). Emva kokuba umsebenzi ugqityiwe, ibhloko yeedilesi iya kukhethwa.
- / 16 ngamanqaku okutshintshiselana (i-IXP). Ngokwamanqaku otshintshiselwano, oku kufuneka kube ngokwaneleyo enye iminyaka emi-5.
- /16 ngenxa yeemeko ezingalindelekanga. Awunakuzibona kwangaphambili.
- /13 - iidilesi ezisuka kwindawo evalelwe yedwa (ngaphezulu malunga nala ngezantsi).
- Udidi olwahlukileyo lubizwa ngokuba luthuli lwe-IPv4 - iibhloko ezisasazekileyo ezincinci kuno /24, ezingenako nangayiphi na indlela ukupapashwa kwaye zihanjiswe ngokwemigangatho yangoku. Ke ngoko, baya kuxhonywa bengafunwa de ibe ibhloko ekufutshane ikhululwe kwaye ubuncinci / 24 yenziwe.
Zibuyiswa njani iibhloko?
Iidilesi azabiwanga kuphela, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ziphinda zibuyele echibini labakhoyo. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi: ukubuyisela ngokuzithandela njengokungeyomfuneko, ukuvalwa kwe-LIR ngenxa yokungabikho kwemali, ukungahlawulwa kwemirhumo yobulungu, ukuphulwa kwemithetho ye-RIPE, njalo njalo.
Kodwa iidilesi aziweli ngokukhawuleza kwidama eliqhelekileyo. Bavalelwa bodwa iinyanga ezi-6 ukuze "balibalekile" (ubukhulu becala sithetha ngoluhlu lwabamnyama olwahlukeneyo, i-spammer databases, njl.). Ewe kunjalo, zimbalwa iidilesi ezibuyiselwa echibini kunokukhutshwa, kodwa ngo-2019 kuphela, iibhloko eziyi-1703/24 sele zibuyisiwe. Ezi bloko zibuyisiweyo ziya kuba kuphela kwethuba le-LIRs kwixesha elizayo lokufumana ubuncinci ibhloko ye-IPv4.
Intwana yolwaphulo-mthetho lwe-intanethi
Ukunqongophala kobutyebi kwandisa ixabiso lalo kunye nomnqweno wokuba ngumnikazi walo. Kwaye awufuni njani? .. Iibhloko zedilesi zithengiswa ngexabiso le-15-25 yeedola ngeqhekeza ngalinye, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bebhloko. Kwaye ngokunqongophala okukhulayo, amaxabiso anokuthi axhume ngakumbi. Kwangaxeshanye, xa ufumene ufikelelo olungagunyaziswanga kwiakhawunti ye-LIR, kunokwenzeka ukuba utshintshe izixhobo uye kwenye iakhawunti, kwaye ke akuyi kuba lula ukuzibuyisela. I-RIPE NCC, ewe, inceda ekusombululeni naziphi na iingxabano ezinjalo, kodwa ayithathi imisebenzi yamapolisa okanye yenkundla.
Zininzi iindlela zokuphulukana needilesi zakho: ukusuka kwi-bungling eqhelekileyo kunye ne-passwords ezivuzayo, ngokugxothwa kakubi komntu onofikelelo ngaphandle kokumvimba kwezi zifikelelo ezifanayo, kunye namabali acuphi ngokupheleleyo. Ngaloo ndlela, kwinkomfa, ummeli wenye inkampani wachaza indlela abaphantse baphulukana ngayo nezinto zabo. Abanye abafana abahlakaniphile, besebenzisa amaxwebhu obuxoki, baphinde babhalise inkampani egameni labo kwirejista yamashishini. Ngokwenene, baqhuba i-raider takeover, injongo yodwa yayikukuthatha iibhloko ze-IP. Ngaphaya koko, ekubeni babe ngabameli bezomthetho benkampani, abakhohlisi banxibelelana ne-RIPE NCC ukuze basete ngokutsha ufikelelo kwiiakhawunti zolawulo kwaye baqalise ukudluliselwa kweedilesi. Ngethamsanqa, inkqubo yaphawulwa, ukusebenza ngeedilesi zamiswa βde kwacaciswa.β Kodwa ukulibaziseka okusemthethweni ekubuyiseleni inkampani ngokwayo kubanini bokuqala kuthathe ngaphezu konyaka. Omnye wabathabathi-nxaxheba kule nkomfa wakhankanya ukuba ukuze kuphetshwe iimeko ezinjalo, inkampani yakhe kudala yafudusa iidilesi zayo kwindawo apho umthetho usebenza bhetele. Makhe ndikukhumbuze ukuba kungekudala thina ngokwethu .
Yintoni elandelayo?
Ngexesha lengxoxo yengxelo, omnye wabameli be-RIPE wakhumbula isaci sakudala samaNdiya:
Inokuthathwa njengempendulo ecingisisiweyo kumbuzo othi "ndingayifumana njani enye i-IPv4." Umgangatho we-IPv6 oyidrafti, osombulula ingxaki yokunqongophala kwedilesi, yapapashwa emva kwe-1998, kwaye phantse zonke izixhobo zenethiwekhi kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ezikhutshwe ukususela phakathi kwe-2000s zixhasa le protocol. Kutheni singekafiki? "Ngamanye amaxesha inyathelo eliya phambili lisisiphumo sokukhaba eesileni." Ngamanye amazwi, ababoneleli bayonqena nje. Ubunkokeli baseBelarus benza ngendlela yokuqala ngobuvila babo, bababophelela ukuba banike inkxaso ye-IPv6 kwilizwe kwinqanaba lezomthetho.
Nangona kunjalo, kuya kwenzeka ntoni kulwabiwo lwe-IPv4? Umgaqo-nkqubo omtsha sele wamkelwe waza wamkelwa apho kuthi kanye/iibhloko ezingama-22 zipheliswe, ii-LIR ezintsha ziya kuba nako ukufumana iibhloko ezingama-24 njengoko zifumaneka. Ukuba akukho zibhloko zikhoyo ngexesha lokufaka isicelo, i-LIR iya kufakwa kuluhlu lokulinda kwaye iya (okanye ayiyi) ukufumana ibhloko xa ifumaneka. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukungabikho kwebhloko yamahhala akukukhululi kwisidingo sokuhlawula imali yokungena kunye nobulungu. Useza kukwazi ukuthenga iidilesi kwimarike yesibini kwaye uzidlulisele kwiakhawunti yakho. Nangona kunjalo, i-RIPE NCC iyayinqanda igama elithi "ukuthenga" kwi-rhetoric yalo, izama ukukhupha kwinkalo yemali yento eyayingajoliswanga kuyo yonke into njengento yokurhweba.
Njengomboneleli onoxanduva, siyakukhuthaza ukuba uphumeze i-IPv6 ebomini bakho. Kwaye ekubeni yi-LIR, sikulungele ukunceda abathengi bethu kulo mbandela ngayo yonke indlela.
Ungalibali ukubhalisela ibhlog yethu, siceba ukupapasha ezinye izinto ezinomdla eziviweyo kwinkomfa.
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