Ndiyakholelwa ukuba sonke siya kwindawo yokutyela kunye nabahlobo okanye oogxa bethu. Kwaye emva kwexesha lokuzonwabisa, umncedisi uzisa itshekhi. Emva koko umba unokusonjululwa ngeendlela ezininzi:
- Indlela yokuqala, "ubunene". "I-tip" ye-10-15% kumlindi yongezwa kwisixa sesheke, kwaye isixa esibangelwayo sahlulwe ngokulinganayo kubo bonke abesilisa.
- Indlela yesibini yi “socialist”. Itshekhi yahlulwe ngokulinganayo kumntu wonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba badle kangakanani kwaye basele kangakanani.
- Indlela yesithathu "ilungile". Wonke umntu uvula i-calculator kwifowuni yakhe kwaye aqalise ukubala iindleko zeetya zabo kunye nesixa esithile "sengcebiso", kunye nomntu ngamnye.
Imeko yokutyela ifana kakhulu nemeko kunye neendleko ze-IT kwiinkampani. Kule post siza kuthetha malunga nokuhanjiswa kweendleko phakathi kwamasebe.
Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba singene enzonzobileni ye-IT, masibuyele kumzekelo wokutyela. Nganye kwezi ndlela zingasentla "zolwabiwo lweendleko" zineenzuzo kunye neengxaki. Ukungalungi okucacileyo kwendlela yesibini: umntu unokutya isaladi kaKesare yemifuno ngaphandle kwenkukhu, kwaye enye inokutya i-ribeye steak, ngoko ke imali iyahluka kakhulu. I-downside yendlela "yobulungisa" kukuba inkqubo yokubala ide kakhulu, kwaye inani elipheleleyo lemali lihlala lingaphantsi kwento ekhoyo kwitshekhi. Imeko eqhelekileyo?
Ngoku makhe sicinge ukuba besisonwabile kwindawo yokutyela eTshayina, kwaye itshekhi yaziswa ngesiTshayina. Konke okucacileyo kukho imali. Nangona abanye banokukrokrela ukuba oku akusiyo imali kwaphela, kodwa umhla wangoku. Okanye, masithi oku kuyenzeka kwaSirayeli. Bafunda ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo, kodwa bawabhala njani amanani? Ngubani onokuphendula ngaphandle kukaGoogle?
Kutheni kufuneka ulwabiwo lwe-IT kunye neshishini?
Ke, isebe le-IT libonelela ngeenkonzo kuwo onke amacandelo enkampani, kwaye ngokwenene lithengisa iinkonzo zalo kumacandelo oshishino. Kwaye, nangona kusenokungabikho ubudlelwane bezemali obusesikweni phakathi kwamasebe ngaphakathi kwinkampani, iyunithi nganye yeshishini kufuneka iqonde ukuba ichitha malini kwi-IT, kubiza malini ukusungula iimveliso ezintsha, ukuvavanya amanyathelo amatsha, njl. Kucacile ukuba i-modernization kunye nokwandiswa kweziseko zophuhliso kuhlawulwa kungekhona nge-mythical "modernizer, umxhasi we-system integrators kunye nabavelisi bezixhobo," kodwa ngezoshishino, okufuneka ziqonde ukusebenza kwezi ndleko.
Iiyunithi zoshishino ziyahluka ngobukhulu kunye nobukhulu bokusebenzisa izixhobo ze-IT. Ngaloo ndlela, ukwahlula iindleko zokuphucula isiseko se-IT ngokulinganayo phakathi kwamasebe yindlela yesibini kunye nazo zonke izinto ezingalunganga. Indlela "elungileyo" ikhethwa ngakumbi kule meko, kodwa inzima kakhulu emsebenzini. Olona khetho lulolona lufanelekileyo lubonakala lulolona "quasi-fair" ukhetho, xa iindleko zingabelwanga kwi penny, kodwa ngokuchaneka okufanelekileyo, njengakwijiyometri yesikolo sisebenzisa inani elithi π njengo-3,14, hayi lonke ulandelelwano lwamanani. emva kwenqaku lokugqibela.
Ukuqikelela iindleko zeenkonzo ze-IT luncedo kakhulu ekubambeni kunye nesiseko se-IT esisodwa xa udibanisa okanye ukwahlula inxalenye yokubamba kwisakhiwo esahlukileyo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ubale ngokukhawuleza iindleko zeenkonzo ze-IT ukwenzela ukuba uthathele ingqalelo ezi mali xa ucwangcisa. Kwakhona, ukuqonda iindleko zeenkonzo ze-IT kunceda ukuthelekisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa kunye nokuba nezixhobo ze-IT. Xa amadoda eesuti zeedola ezingamawaka athetha malunga nendlela imveliso yabo enokuphucula ngayo iindleko ze-IT, ukwandisa oko kufuneka kwandiswe, kwaye kuncitshiswe oko kufuneka kuncitshiswe, ukuvavanya iindleko eziqhubekayo zeenkonzo ze-IT zivumela i-CIO ukuba ingathembeli ngokuyimfama izithembiso zokuthengisa. , kodwa ukuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo umphumo olindelekileyo kunye nokulawula iziphumo.
Kwishishini, ulwabiwo lithuba lokuqonda iindleko zeenkonzo ze-IT kwangaphambili. Nayiphi na imfuno yeshishini ayivavanywa njengokunyuka kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-IT ngokubanzi ngeepesenti ezininzi, kodwa ithathwa njengexabiso lemfuno okanye inkonzo ethile.
Ityala lokwenyani
"Intlungu" engundoqo ye-CIO yenkampani enkulu yayikukuba kwakuyimfuneko ukuqonda indlela yokusabalalisa iindleko phakathi kweeyunithi zoshishino kunye nokubonelela ngokuthatha inxaxheba ekuphuhlisweni kwe-IT ngokulingana nokusetyenziswa.
Njengesisombululo, siphuhlise isixhobo sokubala seenkonzo ze-IT esikwazile ukwaba iindleko ze-IT zizonke kuqala kwiinkonzo ze-IT kwaye emva koko kwiiyunithi zoshishino.
Ngokwenene kukho imisebenzi emibini: ukubala iindleko zenkonzo ye-IT kwaye usasaze iindleko phakathi kweeyunithi zoshishino usebenzisa le nkonzo ngokuhambelana nabaqhubi abathile (indlela "quasi-fair").
Ekuboneni kokuqala, oku kunokubonakala kulula ukuba, ukususela ekuqaleni, iinkonzo ze-IT zichazwe ngokufanelekileyo, ulwazi lwangeniswa kwi-database yoqwalaselo lweCMDB kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwempahla ye-IT ye-ITAM, izibonelelo kunye neemodeli zenkonzo zakhiwe kwaye ikhathalogu yeenkonzo ze-IT yakhiwa. iphuhlisiwe. Enyanisweni, kulo mzekelo, kuyo nayiphi na inkonzo ye-IT inokwenzeka ukugqiba ukuba yeyiphi izibonelelo ezisebenzisayo kunye nokuba zingakanani ezi zixhobo zibiza, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuhla kwexabiso. Kodwa sijongene neshishini eliqhelekileyo laseRussia, kwaye oku kubeka izithintelo ezithile. Ngaloo ndlela, akukho CMDB kunye ne-ITAM, kukho ikhathalogu kuphela yeenkonzo ze-IT. Inkonzo nganye ye-IT imele ngokubanzi inkqubo yolwazi, ukufikelela kuyo, inkxaso yabasebenzisi, njl. Inkonzo ye-IT isebenzisa iinkonzo zeziseko ezingundoqo ezifana ne "DB Server", "Iseva yeSicelo", "iNkqubo yokuGcina iDatha", "iNethiwekhi yeDatha", njl. Ngokuhambelanayo, ukusombulula imisebenzi eyabelwe kuyimfuneko:
- ukumisela iindleko zeenkonzo zeziseko zophuhliso;
- ukuhambisa iindleko zeenkonzo zeziseko zophuhliso kwiinkonzo ze-IT kwaye ubale iindleko zazo;
- misela abaqhubi (ii-coefficients) zokusasaza iindleko zeenkonzo ze-IT kwiiyunithi zoshishino kunye nokwabiwa kweendleko zeenkonzo ze-IT kwiiyunithi zoshishino, ngokwenjenjalo ukusabalalisa ixabiso leendleko zesebe le-IT phakathi kwamanye amacandelo enkampani.
Zonke iindleko ze-IT zonyaka zinokubonakaliswa njengengxowa yemali. Enye yale ngxowa yachithwa kwizixhobo, umsebenzi wokufuduka, ukuphuculwa, iilayisensi, inkxaso, imivuzo yabasebenzi, njl. Nangona kunjalo, ukuntsonkotha kulele kwinkqubo yobalo-mali malunga nee-asethi ezisisigxina kunye nee-asethi ezingaphathekiyo kwi-IT.
Masithathe umzekelo weprojekthi yokuphucula iziseko zophuhliso zeSAP. Njengenxalenye yeprojekthi, izixhobo kunye neelayisensi zithengwa, kwaye umsebenzi uqhutyelwa ngoncedo lomdidiyeli wenkqubo. Xa uvala iprojekthi, umphathi kufuneka enze amaphepha ukuze izixhobo zokubala zibandakanywe kwii-asethi ezisisigxina, iilayisenisi zibandakanywe kwii-asethi ezingaphathekiyo, kunye nolunye umsebenzi woyilo kunye nogunyaziso lucinywe njengeendleko ezimisiweyo. Inombolo yengxaki: xa ubhalisa njengempahla esisigxina, i-accountant yomthengi ayinandaba nokuba iya kubizwa ntoni. Ngoko ke, kwii-asethi ezisisigxina sifumana i-asethi "UpgradeSAPandMigration". Ukuba, njengenxalenye yeprojekthi, i-disk array yenziwe yangoku, engenanto yakwenza ne-SAP, oku kuyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi ukukhangela iindleko kunye nolwabiwo olongezelelweyo. Enyanisweni, nasiphi na isixhobo sinokufihlwa emva kwe-asethi ye-"UpgradeSAPandMigration", kwaye ixesha elingakumbi lidlulayo, kunzima ukuqonda oko kwathengwa ngokwenene apho.
Oku kuyasebenza nakwii-asethi ezingaphathekiyo, ezinefomula yokubala enzima kakhulu. Ubunzima obongezelelweyo bongezwa kukuba ixesha lokuqalisa izixhobo kunye nokubeka kwiphepha lomncono lingahluka malunga nonyaka. Ngaphezu koko, ukuhla kwexabiso yiminyaka emi-5, kodwa ngokwenene izixhobo zinokusebenza ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko.
Ngaloo ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukubala iindleko zeenkonzo ze-IT ngokuchaneka kwe-100%, kodwa ekusebenzeni oku kukuzilolonga okude kwaye kunokuba kungenanjongo. Ngoko ke, sikhethe indlela elula: iindleko ezinokuthi zifakwe ngokulula kuzo naziphi na iziseko okanye inkonzo ye-IT zibangelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwinkonzo ehambelanayo. Iindleko eziseleyo zihanjiswa phakathi kweenkonzo ze-IT ngokwemigaqo ethile. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba ufumane ukuchaneka okumalunga nama-85%, okwaneleyo.
Kwinqanaba lokuqala Ukuhambisa iindleko zeenkonzo zeziseko ezingundoqo, iingxelo zemali kunye neengxelo zeeprojekthi ze-IT kunye "ne-sound voluntarism" zisetyenziswa kwiimeko apho kungenakwenzeka ukuba kubangele iindleko kuyo nayiphi na inkonzo yeziseko. Iindleko zabelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkonzo ze-IT okanye kwiinkonzo zeziseko zophuhliso. Njengomphumo wokusasazwa kweendleko zonyaka, sifumana isixa seendleko zenkonzo yeziseko ezingundoqo nganye.
Kwinqanaba lesibini i-coefficients yokusabalalisa phakathi kweenkonzo ze-IT zichongwa kwiinkonzo zeziseko ezingundoqo ezifana ne-"Server Application", "Iseva yeDatabase", "Ukugcinwa kweDatha", njl. Ezinye iinkonzo zeziseko ezingundoqo, umzekelo, "Iindawo zokusebenzela", "ukufikelela kwi-Wi-Fi", "i-Video conferencing" azihanjiswanga phakathi kweenkonzo ze-IT kwaye zinikezelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwiiyunithi zoshishino.
Kweli nqanaba ulonwabo luqala. Njengomzekelo, qwalasela inkonzo yeziseko ezingundoqo ezifana ne "Application Servers". Ikhona phantse kuyo yonke inkonzo ye-IT, kwizakhiwo ezibini, kunye nangaphandle kwe-virtualization, kunye nangaphandle kokuphindaphinda. Eyona ndlela ilula kukwaba iindleko ngokomlinganiselo weecores ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ukuze ubale "iiparrothi ezifanayo" kwaye ungabhidanisi ii-cores zomzimba kunye ne-virtual, kuthathelwe ingqalelo ubhaliso olugqithisiweyo, sithatha ukuba undoqo omnye womzimba ulingana neenyani ezintathu. Emva koko ifomyula yokusasazwa kweendleko zenkonzo yeziseko ezingundoqo ze "Iseva yeSicelo" kwinkonzo nganye ye-IT iya kujongeka ngolu hlobo:
,
apho i-Rsp lixabiso lilonke lenkonzo yeziseko ezingundoqo "iiSeva zeSicelo", kunye ne-Kx86 ne-Kr zi-coefficients ezibonisa isabelo se-x86 kunye neeseva ze-P-series.
I-coefficients imiselwe ngokobungqina ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo lweziseko ze-IT. Iindleko zesoftware ye-cluster, isoftware ye-virtualization, iinkqubo zokusebenza kunye nesoftware yesicelo ibalwa njengeenkonzo zeziseko ezingundoqo ezihlukeneyo.
Makhe sithathe umzekelo onzima ngakumbi. Inkonzo yezibonelelo "Iiseva zeDatabase". Ibandakanya iindleko zehardware kunye neendleko zeelayisensi zedathabheyisi. Ke, iindleko zezixhobo kunye neelayisensi zinokubonakaliswa kwifomula:
apho i-РHW kunye ne-РLIC ziyixabiso lilonke lezixhobo kunye nexabiso lilonke leelayisenisi zedathabheyisi, ngokulandelelana, kunye ne-KHW kunye ne-KLIC zi-empirical coefficients ezimisela isabelo seendleko ze-hardware kunye neelayisensi.
Ukuqhubela phambili, nge-hardware iyafana nomzekelo wangaphambili, kodwa ngeelayisensi imeko inzima ngakumbi. Ubume benkampani bunokusebenzisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zogcino-lwazi, njengeOracle, MSSQL, Postgres, njl. Ke, ifomula yokubala ulwabiwo lwedatha ethile, umzekelo, iMSSQL, kwinkonzo ethile ijongeka ngolu hlobo:
apho i-KMSSQL yi-coefficient emisela isabelo sale database kwi-IT landscape yenkampani.
Le meko inzima ngakumbi ngokubala kunye nokwabiwa kwenkqubo yokugcina idatha kunye nabavelisi abahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeediski. Kodwa inkcazo yale nxalenye sisihloko sesithuba esahlukileyo.
Uba yintoni umphumo?
Isiphumo salo msebenzi sinokuba yi-Excel calculator okanye isixhobo esizenzekelayo. Konke kuxhomekeke ekukhuleni kwenkampani, iinkqubo eziqaliswe, izisombululo eziphunyeziweyo kunye nomnqweno wolawulo. Ikhaltyhuleyitha enjalo okanye ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwedatha kunceda ukusabalalisa ngokuchanekileyo iindleko phakathi kweeyunithi zoshishino kunye nokubonisa indlela kwaye yintoni ibhajethi ye-IT eyabiwe ngayo. Isixhobo esifanayo sinokubonisa ngokulula indlela yokuphucula ukuthembeka kwenkonzo (i-redundancy) kwandisa iindleko zayo, kungekhona ngeendleko zomncedisi, kodwa ngokuqwalasela zonke iindleko ezinxulumene nazo. Oku kuvumela ishishini kunye neCIO ukuba "badlale kwibhodi enye" ngemithetho efanayo. Xa ucwangcisa iimveliso ezintsha, iindleko zinokubalwa kwangaphambili kwaye ukuba nokwenzeka kuhlolwe.
Igor Tyukachev, umcebisi kwi-Jet Infosystems
umthombo: www.habr.com