Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ngememori yokufikelela ngokungahleliwe (RAM) zokubala zokusebenza kwi-vSphere.
Kubonakala ngathi ngememori yonke into icace ngakumbi kuneprosesa: ukuba iingxaki zokusebenza zivela kwi-VM, kunzima ukungaziqapheli. Kodwa ukuba zivela, kunzima kakhulu ukujongana nazo. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.
Ingcamango ethile
I-RAM yomatshini wenyani ithathwa kwimemori yomncedisi apho iiVMs zisebenza khona. Oku kucacile :). Ukuba i-RAM yomncedisi akwanelanga wonke umntu, i-ESXi iqala ukusebenzisa ubuchule bokubuyisela imemori. Kungenjalo, iisistim zeVM ziya konakala ngeempazamo zofikelelo lwe-RAM.
I-ESXi yenza isigqibo sokuba zeziphi iindlela zokusebenzisa ngokuxhomekeke kumthwalo we-RAM:
Ubume benkumbulo
Umda
Izenzo
phezulu
400% ye minFree
Emva kokufikelela kumda ophezulu, amaphepha amakhulu ememori ahlulahlulwe abe mancinci (i-TPS isebenza kwimo esemgangathweni).
Cacileyo
100% ye minFree
Amaphepha amakhulu ememori ahlulwe abe amancinci, i-TPS inyanzelekile.
ezithambileyo
64% ye minFree
TPS + Ibhaluni
lukhuni
32% ye minFree
TPS + Compress + Shintsha
low
16% ye minFree
Cofa + Tshintsha + Block
minFree yi RAM efunekayo ukuze ihypervisor isebenze.
Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-ESXi 4.1 equkiweyo, i-minFree yalungiswa ngokungagqibekanga - i-6% ye-RAM yomncedisi (ipesenti ingatshintshwa ngendlela ye-Mem.MinFreePct kwi-ESXi). Kwiinguqulelo zamva, ngenxa yokukhula kwememori kwiiseva, i-minFree yaqala ukubalwa ngokusekelwe kubungakanani bememori yomninimzi, kwaye kungekhona njengexabiso lepesenti esisigxina.
Ixabiso le-minFree (ehlala ikho) libalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ipesenti yememori egcinelwe iminFree
Uluhlu lwememori
6%
0-4 GB
4%
4-12 GB
2%
12-28 GB
1%
Inkumbulo eseleyo
Umzekelo, kwiseva ene-128 GB ye-RAM, ixabiso le-MinFree liya kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
MinFree = 245,76 + 327,68 + 327,68 + 1024 = 1925,12 MB = 1,88 GB
Elona xabiso lingohluka ngamakhulu amabini MB, ngokuxhomekeke kumncedisi kunye ne RAM.
Ipesenti yememori egcinelwe iminFree
Uluhlu lwememori
Ixabiso le-128 GB
6%
0-4 GB
245,76 MB
4%
4-12 GB
327,68 MB
2%
12-28 GB
327,68 MB
1%
Inkumbulo eshiyekileyo (100 GB)
1024 MB
Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwizitendi ezivelisayo, nguMmandla oPhezulu kuphela onokuthi athathwe njengesiqhelo. Kwiibhentshi zokuvavanya kunye nophuhliso, iindawo ezicacileyo / ezithambileyo zinokwamkeleka. Ukuba i-RAM kwinginginya ingaphantsi kwe-64% MinFree, ngoko i-VMs esebenza kuyo ngokuqinisekileyo ihlangabezana neengxaki zokusebenza.
Kwimeko nganye, iindlela ezithile zokubuyisela imemori ziyasetyenziswa, ukuqala kwi-TPS, enokuthi ayinasiphumo ekusebenzeni kweVM, ukuya kwiSwapping. Ndiza kukuxelela ngakumbi ngabo.
Ukwabelwa kwePhepha okuNgaphandle (TPS). I-TPS, ngokurhabaxa ukuthetha, ukuphinda-phinda kumaphepha e-RAM oomatshini benyani kumncedisi.
I-ESXi ikhangela amaphepha afanayo e-RAM kumatshini wenyani ngokubala nokuthelekisa i-hash sum yamaphepha, kwaye isusa amaphepha aphindiweyo, endaweni yawo kunye neembekiselo kwiphepha elifanayo kwimemori yomzimba yomncedisi. Ngenxa yoko, ukusetyenziswa kwememori yomzimba kuncitshisiwe kwaye enye imemori engaphezulu yokubhalisa inokufezekiswa ngaphandle kwempembelelo yokusebenza.
Lo matshini usebenza kuphela kumaphepha enkumbulo ayi-4 KB ngokobungakanani (amaphepha amancinane). I-hypervisor ayifuni nokuphinda ikhuphe amaphepha e-2 MB ngobukhulu (amaphepha amakhulu): ithuba lokufumana amaphepha afanayo alo bukhulu alikho likhulu.
Ngokungagqibekanga, i-ESXi yabela imemori kumaphepha amakhulu. Ukwahlula amaphepha amakhulu kumaphepha amancinci kuqala xa i-High state threshold ifikeleleke kwaye inyanzeliswa xa i-Sula imeko ifikeleleke (jonga i-hypervisor state table).
Ukuba ufuna i-TPS iqalise ukusebenza ngaphandle kokulinda i-RAM yomkhosi igcwele, kufuneka ubeke ixabiso kwiiKhetho eziPhambili ESXi “Mem.AllocGuestGuestPage” ukuya ku-0 (okuhlala kukho 1). Emva koko unikezelo lwamaphepha enkumbulo amakhulu koomatshini ababonakalayo aya kucinywa.
Ukususela ngoDisemba 2014, kuzo zonke ezikhutshwayo ESXi, TPS phakathi VMs ikhubaziwe ngokungagqibekanga, njengoko sesichengeni kwafunyaniswa ukuba ithiyori ivumela VM enye ukufikelela RAM yenye VM. Iinkcukacha apha. Andifumananga ulwazi malunga nokuphunyezwa okusebenzayo kokuxhaphaza ubuthathaka be-TPS.
Umgaqo-nkqubo we-TPS ulawulwa ngokhetho oluphambili “Mem.ShareForceSalting” kwi-ESXi:
0 - Inter-VM TPS. I-TPS isebenzela amaphepha eeVM ezahlukeneyo;
I-1 - i-TPS yee-VM ezinexabiso elifanayo elithi "sched.mem.pshare.salt" kwi-VMX;
2 (ehlala ikho) – Intra-VM TPS. I-TPS isebenzela amaphepha angaphakathi kweVM.
Ngokuqinisekileyo iyavakala ukukhubaza amaphepha amakhulu kwaye wenze i-Inter-VM TPS isebenze kwiibhentshi zovavanyo. Oku kusenokusetyenziswa kwizitendi ezinenani elikhulu leeVM ezifanayo. Umzekelo, kwizitendi ezine-VDI, ukonga kwinkumbulo yomzimba kunokufikelela kumashumi eepesenti.
I-Memory Ballooning. Ibhaluni ayiseyondlela ingenabungozi necacileyo yenkqubo yokusebenza yeVM njengeTPS. Kodwa ukuba isetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo, ungaphila kwaye usebenze kunye neBallooning.
Kunye ne-Vmware Tools, umqhubi okhethekileyo obizwa ngokuba yiBalloon Driver (aka vmmemctl) ufakwe kwi-VM. Xa i-hypervisor iqala ukuphelelwa yinkumbulo yomzimba kwaye ingena kwi-Soft state, i-ESXi icela i-VM ukuba ibuyise i-RAM engasetyenziswanga ngale Bhaloni Driver. Umqhubi, naye, usebenza kwinqanaba lenkqubo yokusebenza kwaye ucela imemori yamahhala kuyo. I-hypervisor ibona ukuba ngawaphi amaphepha enkumbulo yokwenyama uMqhubi weBhaloni ehleliyo, ithatha inkumbulo kumatshini wenyani kwaye iyibuyisele kumamkeli. Akukho ngxaki ngokusebenza kwe-OS, kuba kwinqanaba le-OS imemori ibanjwe nguMqhubi weBalloon. Ngokungagqibekanga, uMqhubi weBhaluni unokuthatha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-65% yememori ye-VM.
Ukuba i-VMware Tools ayifakwanga kwi-VM okanye iBallooning ivaliwe (andiyicebisi, kodwa kukho :), i-hypervisor ngokukhawuleza itshintshela kwiindlela ezingqongqo zokususa imemori. Isiphelo: qiniseka ukuba i-VMware Tools ikwi-VM.
Ukusebenza kweBalloon Driver kunokutshekishwa kwi-OS ngeVMware Tools.
Uxinzelelo lweMemori. Le ndlela isetyenziswa xa ESXi ifikelela kwimo Hard. Njengoko igama libonisa, i-ESXi izama ukucinezela iphepha le-4KB le-RAM ibe yi-2KB, ngaloo ndlela ikhulula indawo ethile kwimemori yomzimba yomncedisi. Obu buchule bonyusa kakhulu ixesha lofikelelo kwimixholo yamaphepha e-RAM ye-VM, kuba iphepha kufuneka liqale ukuthotywa. Ngamanye amaxesha ayingawo onke amaphepha anokucinezelwa kwaye inkqubo ngokwayo ithatha ixesha elithile. Ngoko ke, obu buchule abusebenzi kakhulu ekusebenzeni.
Ukutshintsha kweMemori. Emva kwenqanaba elifutshane leMemory Compression, ESXi phantse ngokungathintelekiyo (ukuba i-VMs ayizange ifudukele kwezinye iinginginya okanye ayicinywanga) itshintshela kwi-Swapping. Kwaye ukuba kukho imemori encinci kakhulu eshiyekileyo (imeko ephantsi), ngoko i-hypervisor iyayeka ukwaba amaphepha ememori kwi-VM, enokubangela iingxaki kwi-OS yeendwendwe ze-VM.
Yile ndlela iSwapping isebenza ngayo. Xa uvula umatshini wenyani, ifayile enolwandiso lwe.vswp yenzelwe yona. Ilingana nobukhulu kwi-RAM ye-VM engagcinwanga: lo ngumahluko phakathi kwememori eqwalaselweyo negciniweyo. Xa iSwapping isebenza, ESXi itshintshanisa amaphepha enkumbulo yomatshini wenyani kule fayile kwaye iqale ukusebenza ngayo endaweni yenkumbulo yomzimba yomncedisi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, imemori enjalo "ye-RAM" yimiyalelo emininzi yobukhulu obucothayo kunememori yokwenyani, nokuba i-.vswp ikwisitoreji esikhawulezayo.
Ngokungafaniyo neBhaluni, xa amaphepha angasetyenziswanga athatyathwa kwiVM, kunye noTshintsho lwamaphepha asetyenziswa ngokusebenzayo yi-OS okanye izicelo ezingaphakathi kweVM zinokusiwa kwidisk. Ngenxa yoko, ukusebenza kwe-VM kuyehla ukuya kwinqanaba lokubanda. I-VM isebenza ngokusesikweni kwaye ubuncinci inokucinywa ngokufanelekileyo kwi-OS. Ukuba unomonde 😉
Ukuba ii-VM ziye kuSwap, le yimeko engxamisekileyo enokuthi ithintelwe ukuba kunokwenzeka.
Izixhobo zokubala zokusebenza kwememori yomatshini wenyani
Ngoko siye safika kwinto ephambili. Ukujonga imeko yememori ye-VM, kukho ezi zixhobo zokubala zilandelayo:
esebenzayo — ibonisa isixa se-RAM (KB) efunyenwe yi-VM kwixesha lomlinganiselo wangaphambili.
ukusetyenziswa - iyafana ne-Iyasebenza, kodwa njengepesenti ye-RAM emiselweyo ye-VM. Kubalwa kusetyenziswa le fomyula ilandelayo: esebenzayo ÷ umatshini wenyani oqwalaselwe ubungakanani benkumbulo.
Ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kunye nokuSebenza, ngokulandelanayo, akusoloko kusalathiso seengxaki zokusebenza kwe-VM. Ukuba i-VM isebenzisa ngokungqongqo imemori (ubuncinci ukufikelela kuyo), oku akuthethi ukuba akukho memori yaneleyo. Kunoko, esi sisizathu sokujonga okwenzekayo kwi-OS.
Kukho iAlarm eqhelekileyo yokuSetyenziswa kweMemori yeeVMs:
Kwabiwe — ubungakanani be-RAM ye-VM ekhutshiweyo kusetyenziswa i-TPS (kwi-VM okanye phakathi kwee-VM).
Kuyavunywa — ubungakanani benkumbulo yomzimba yenginginya (KB) eyabelwa iVM. Yenza ekwabelwana ngako.
Igqityiwe (Kunikiwe - Kwabelwane) - ubungakanani benkumbulo yomzimba (KB) etyiwa yi-VM kumamkeli. Ayibandakanyi ekwabelwana ngako.
Ukuba inxalenye yememori ye-VM ayinikezelwanga kwinkumbulo yomzimba yomninimzi, kodwa kwifayile yokutshintsha, okanye imemori ithathwe kwi-VM ngeBhaluni yoMqhubi, esi sixa-mali asithathelwa ngqalelo kwi-Niniwe kwaye iDliwe.
Amaxabiso avunyiweyo aphezulu kwaye asetyenziswayo aqhelekile ngokupheleleyo. Inkqubo yokusebenza ngokuthe ngcembe ithatha imemori kwi-hypervisor kwaye ayibuyiseli. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwi-VM esebenzayo, amaxabiso ezi zibalo asondela kwisixa sememori emiselweyo, kwaye ahlale apho.
Unothi — ubungakanani beVM RAM (KB), equlathe ooziro. Inkumbulo enjalo ithathwa njengekhululekileyo yi-hypervisor kwaye inokunikezelwa kwabanye oomatshini benyani. Emva kokuba i-OS yeendwendwe ibhale into kwimemori eyi-zeroed, ingena kwi-Consumed kwaye ayibuyi ngamva.
Reserved Overhead - ubungakanani be-RAM ye-VM, (KB) egcinwe yi-hypervisor yokusebenza kwe-VM. Le yimali encinci, kodwa kufuneka ifumaneke kumamkeli, kungenjalo i-VM ayiyi kuqala.
Balloon — ubungakanani be-RAM (KB) esusiweyo kwi-VM kusetyenziswa iBalloon Driver.
Icinezelwe - ubungakanani be-RAM (KB) eyaxiniweyo.
Itshintshiwe - ubungakanani be-RAM (KB), eyathi, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwememori yomzimba kumncedisi, yafudukela kwidisk.
Ibhaluni kunye nezinye izixhobo zokubala zobuchule bokubuyisela imemori ziro.
Yile ndlela igrafu ibonakala ngayo kunye neeMemori zokubala ze-VM esebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kunye ne-150 GB ye-RAM.
Kwigrafu engezantsi, i-VM ineengxaki ezicacileyo. Ngezantsi kwegrafu unokubona ukuba kule VM zonke iindlela ezichaziweyo zokusebenza nge-RAM zasetyenziswa. Ibhaluni yale VM inkulu kakhulu kune-Consumed. Enyanisweni, i-VM ifile ngakumbi kunokuphila.
ESXTOP
Njenge-CPU, ukuba sifuna ukukhawuleza ukuvavanya imeko kumamkeli, kunye namandla ayo kunye nekhefu lokuya kwi-2 imizuzwana, kufuneka sisebenzise i-ESXTOP.
Isikrini seMemori ye-ESXTOP sibizwa ngeqhosha elithi “m” kwaye lijongeka ngolu hlobo (imimandla B,D,H,J,K,L,O ikhethiwe):
Ezi parameters zilandelayo ziya kuba nomdla kuthi:
Mem overcommit avg -Ixabiso eliphakathi lokubhaliselwa kwememori kwi-host for 1, 5 kunye ne-15 imizuzu. Ukuba ingaphezulu kwe-zero, ke esi sizathu sokujonga oko kwenzekayo, kodwa akusoloko kukho isalathisi seengxaki.
Ngemigca PMEM/MB и VMKMEM/MB — ulwazi malunga nememori ebonakalayo yeseva kunye nememori ekhoyo kwiVMkernel. Phakathi kwezinto ezinomdla apha ungabona ixabiso le-minfree (kwi-MB), i-host state kwimemori (kwimeko yethu, ephezulu).
Nomgca NUM/MB unokubona ukuhanjiswa kwe-RAM kuzo zonke iindawo ze-NUMA (iziseko). Kulo mzekelo, ulwabiwo alulingani, olusemgangathweni alulungile kakhulu.
Oku kulandelayo ziinkcukacha-manani zeseva ngokubanzi kubuchule bokubuyisela inkumbulo:
PSHARE/MB — ezi ziinkcukacha-manani ze-TPS;
SWAP/MB - Ukutshintsha amanani osetyenziso;
ZIP/MB — izibalo zoxinzelelo lwephepha lememori;
MEMCTL/MB - Iinkcukacha-manani zokusetyenziswa komqhubi weBhaluni.
Kwi-VMs nganye, sinokuba nomdla kolu lwazi lulandelayo. Ndawafihla amagama e-VM ukuze ndingaphambanisi abaphulaphuli :). Ukuba i-metric ye-ESXTOP iyafana nekhawuntara kwi-vSphere, ndiya kubonelela ngekhawuntara ehambelanayo.
MEMSZ — ubungakanani bememori obumiselweyo kwiVM (MB).
MEMSZ = GRANT + MCTLSZ + SWCUR + engaphathwanga.
ISibonelelo - Inikwe kwi-MB.
I-TCHD -Iyasebenza kwi-MByte.
MCTL? — nokuba iBalloon Driver ifakiwe kwiVM.
I-MCTLSZ — Ibhaluni ukuya kwi-MB.
I-MCTLGT — ubungakanani be-RAM (MBytes) ukuba i-ESXi ifuna ukuyisusa kwi-VM ngokusebenzisa iBalloon Driver (Memctl Target).
MCTLMAX - ubuninzi be-RAM (MBytes) enokuthi i-ESXi isuse kwi-VM ngokusebenzisa iBalloon Driver.
SWCUR - inani langoku le-RAM (MBytes) eyabelwe iVM ukusuka kwifayile yoTshintsho.
S.W.G.T. — ubungakanani be-RAM (MBytes) i-ESXi efuna ukuyinika i-VM ukusuka kwifayile yoTshintsho (Swap Target).
Unako kwakhona ukujonga ulwazi oluthe vetshe malunga ne-NUMA topology ye-VM ngokusebenzisa i-ESXTOP. Ukwenza oku, khetha iindawo D, G:
NCINCI – NUMA iindawo ekukuyo iVM. Apha unokuqaphela ngokukhawuleza i-vm ebanzi, engangeni kwindawo enye ye-NUMA.
NRMEM - zingaphi iimegabytes zememori i-VM ezithatha kwindawo ekude ye-NUMA.
NLMEM - zingaphi iimegabytes zememori i-VM ezithatha kwindawo ye-NUMA yendawo.
N%L - ipesenti yememori ye-VM kwindawo ye-NUMA yendawo (ukuba ingaphantsi kwe-80%, iingxaki zokusebenza zinokuvela).
Inkumbulo kwi-hypervisor
Ukuba izinto zokubala ze-CPU ze-hypervisor azidli ngokuba nomdla othile, ngoko ngememori imeko ichasene. Ukusetyenziswa kweMemori ePhakamileyo kwi-VM ayisoloko ibonisa ingxaki yokusebenza, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kweMemori ephezulu kwi-hypervisor kubangela ubuchule bokulawula imemori kwaye kubangela iingxaki ngokusebenza kwe-VM. Kufuneka ubeke esweni ii-alamu zokuSebenza kweMemori kwaye uthintele ii-VMs ekungeneni kuTshintsho.
Ungatshintshi
Ukuba i-VM ibanjwe kwi-Swap, ukusebenza kwayo kuyancipha kakhulu. Umkhondo we-Ballooning kunye noxinzelelo lwanyamalala ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba i-RAM yasimahla ibonakala kumamkeli, kodwa umatshini obonakalayo akangxamanga ukuba abuye ukusuka kwi-Swap ukuya kwi-RAM yomncedisi.
Phambi kwe-ESXi 6.0, ekuphela kwendlela ethembekileyo nekhawulezayo yokususa i-VM ukusuka kwiSwap yayikukuqala ngokutsha (ngokuchanekileyo, cima/kwisikhongozeli). Ukuqala nge ESXi 6.0, nangona ingekho ngokusemthethweni ngokupheleleyo, indlela esebenzayo nethembekileyo yokususa i-VM kwiSwap ivele. Kwenye yeenkomfa, ndakwazi ukuthetha nomnye weenjineli zeVMware ezijongene ne-CPU Scheduler. Uye waqinisekisa ukuba le ndlela iyasebenza kwaye ikhuselekile. Kumava ethu, akukho ngxaki nayo.
Imiyalelo eyiyo yokususa i-VM kuTshintsho Duncan Epping. Andiyi kuphinda inkcazo eneenkcukacha, ndiza kunika nje umzekelo wokusetyenziswa kwayo. Njengoko ubona kumfanekiso wekhusi, ixesha elithile emva kokuphumeza umyalelo ochaziweyo, Ukutshintsha kwi-VM kuyanyamalala.
Iingcebiso zokulawula RAM kwi ESXi
Okokugqibela, nazi iingcebiso ezimbalwa eziya kukunceda uphephe iingxaki ekusebenzeni kweVM ngenxa ye-RAM:
- Kuphephe ukubhaliswa ngokugqithisileyo kwe-RAM kumaqela avelisayo. Kucetyiswa ukuba uhlale une- ~ 20-30% yememori yamahhala kwi-cluster ukwenzela ukuba i-DRS (kunye nomlawuli) ibe nendawo yokuqhuba kwaye ii-VM zingahambi kwi-Swap ngexesha lokufuduka. Kwakhona, musa ukulibala malunga nomda wokunyamezela iimpazamo. Kuyinto engathandekiyo xa, xa umncedisi omnye ehluleka kwaye i-VM iphinda iqaliswe ngokusebenzisa i-HA, abanye oomatshini nabo baya kwi-Swap.
- Kwiziseko ezingundoqo ezidityanisiweyo, zama UNGAYALI ukwenza ii-VM ezinememori engaphezu kwesiqingatha sememori yomkhosi. Oku kwakhona kuya kunceda i-DRS ukuba isasaze oomatshini benyani kuzo zonke iiseva zeqela ngaphandle kweengxaki. Lo mgaqo, ngokuqinisekileyo, awukho jikelele :).
- Lumkela iAlam yokuSebenzisa iMemori umamkeli.
- Ungalibali ukufaka iVMware Tools kwiVM kwaye musa ukuyicima iBallooning.
- Cinga ngokuvumela i-Inter-VM TPS kunye nokukhubaza amaPhepha amaKhulu kwi-VDI kunye neemeko zovavanyo.
- Ukuba i-VM ifumana imiba yokusebenza, jonga ukuba ngaba isebenzisa imemori kwindawo ekude ye-NUMA.
- Susa iiVMs kuTshintsho ngokukhawuleza! Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuba i-VM i-Swap, inkqubo yokugcina ihlupheka ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo.
Yiyo yonke into kum malunga ne-RAM. Ngezantsi ngamanqaku ahambelanayo abo bafuna ukungena nzulu. Inqaku elilandelayo liza kunikezelwa kwi-storaj.
amakhonkco aluncedo
umthombo: www.habr.com