Njengoko abafundi bethu besazi, i-Qrator.Radar iphonononga uqhagamshelo lwehlabathi lweprotocol ye-BGP, kunye noqhagamshelwano lwengingqi. Ekubeni "i-Intanethi" imfutshane "kwi-intanethi edibeneyo," eyona ndlela ingcono yokuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu kunye nesantya sokusebenza kwayo kunxibelelwano olutyebileyo kunye nolwahlukeneyo lweenethiwekhi zomntu ngamnye, ophuhliso lwakhe lukhuthazwa ngokuyinhloko lukhuphiswano.
Ukomelela koqhagamshelwano lwe-Intanethi kuwo nawuphi na ummandla okanye ilizwe linxulumene nenani lezinye iindlela phakathi kweenkqubo ezizimeleyo - AS. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko sibhale ngokuphindaphindiweyo uzinzo lwesizwe lwamacandelo othungelwano lwehlabathi, ezinye iindlela ziba zibaluleke ngakumbi xa zithelekiswa nezinye (umzekelo, iindlela eziya kwi-Tier-1 ababoneleli bohambo okanye ii-AS ezibamba iiseva ezigunyazisiweyo ze-DNS) - oku kuthetha ukuba ubukho beendlela ezininzi ezizezinye kangangoko kunokwenzeka Ekugqibeleni, le kuphela kwendlela esebenzayo yokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo (kwindlela ye-AS).
Ngeli xesha, siza kujonga ngakumbi kwisakhiwo secandelo le-Intanethi yeRussian Federation. Kukho izizathu zokubeka iliso kweli candelo: ngokweenkcukacha ezinikezelwe yi-database yobhaliso lwe-RIPE, i-6183 AS ngaphandle kwe-88664 ebhalisiweyo kwihlabathi jikelele ye-Russian Federation, eyi-6,87%.
Le pesenti ibeka iRashiya kwindawo yesibini kwihlabathi kwesi salathisi, kanye emva kwe-United States (i-30,08% ye-AS ebhalisiweyo) nangaphambi kweBrazil, ephethe i-6,34% yazo zonke iinkqubo ezizimeleyo. Iziphumo ezivela kwiinguqu kunxibelelwano lwesiRashiya , kuxhomekeke okanye kufuphi noqhagamshelwano olunikiweyo kwaye, ekugqibeleni, kwinqanaba phantse nawuphi na umnikezeli we-Intanethi.
isishwankathelo
Umzobo 1. Ukuhanjiswa kweenkqubo ezizimeleyo phakathi kwamazwe akwi-IPv4 kunye ne-IPv6, kumazwe angama-20 aphezulu
Kwi-IPv4, i-33933 ngaphandle kwe-774859 izimaphambili zenethiwekhi ezibonakalayo kwihlabathi jikelele zibhengezwe ngababoneleli be-Intanethi abavela kwi-Russian Federation, emele i-4,38% kwaye ibeka icandelo le-Intanethi yaseRashiya kwindawo yesihlanu kolu luhlu. Ezi zimaphambili, zibhengezwe ngokukodwa kwi-RU segment, zigubungela 4,3*10^7 iidilesi ze-IP ezizodwa ngaphandle kwe-2,9*10^9 ezibhengezwe kwihlabathi-1,51%, indawo ye-11.
Umzobo 2. Ukuhanjiswa kwezimaphambili zenethiwekhi phakathi kwamazwe akwi-IPv4, kumazwe angama-20 aphezulu
Ngaphakathi kwe-IPv6, i-1831 ngaphandle kwe-65532 izimaphambili ezibonakalayo zehlabathi zibhengezwe yi-ISPs evela kwi-Russian Federation, emele i-2,79% kunye ne-7th indawo. Ezi zimaphambili zigubungela i-1.3*10^32 iidilesi ezizodwa ze-IPv6 ngaphandle kwe-1,5*10^34 ezibhengezwe kwihlabathi jikelele-0,84% ββkunye nendawo ye-18.
Umzobo 3. Ukuhanjiswa kwezimaphambili zenethiwekhi phakathi kwamazwe akwi-IPv6, kumazwe angama-20 aphezulu
Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo
Enye yeendlela ezininzi zokuvavanya uqhagamshelo kunye nokuthembeka kwe-Intanethi kwilizwe elithile kukulinganisa iinkqubo ezizimeleyo zommandla othile ngenani lezimaphambili ezipapashiweyo. Obu buchule, nangona kunjalo, busemngciphekweni wokulungiswa kwendlela, ethi ngokuthe ngcembe ilungelelaniswe ngokuhluza izimaphambili ezicazululwe ngokugqithisileyo kwizixhobo zababoneleli be-Intanethi, ngokuyintloko ngenxa yokukhula okuthe gqolo nokungathintelekiyo kweetafile zokujikeleza ezihlala kwimemori.
Ama-20 aphezulu IPv4
Ama-20 aphezulu IPv6
I-ASN
AS Igama
Inani lezimaphambili
I-ASN
AS Igama
Inani lezimaphambili
2279
56
1283
51
1197
30
930
26
521
20
44050
I-PIN-AS
366
42385
I-RIPN-RU
20
197695
AS-REGRU
315
51604
EKAT-AS
19
12772
I-ENFORTA-AS
291
51819
YAR-AS
19
41704
I-OGS-AS
235
50543
SARATOV-AS
18
57129
I-RU-SERVERSGET-KRSK
225
52207
TULA-AS
18
31133
I-MF-MGSM-AS
216
206066
I-TELEDOM-AS
18
49505
KHETHA
213
57026
I-CHEB-AS
18
12714
TI-AS
195
49037
MGL-AS
17
15774
I-TTK-RTL
193
41682
I-ERTH-TMN-AS
17
12418
QUANTUM
191
21191
I-ASN-SEVERTTK
16
50340
IKHETHA-MSK
188
41843
I-ERTH-OMSK-AS
15
28840
TATTELECOM-AS
184
42682
I-ERTH-NNOV-AS
15
50113
SuperServersDatacenter
181
50498
LIPETSK-AS
15
31163
MF-KAVKAZ-AS
176
50542
IVORONEZH-AS
15
21127
ZSTTKAS
162
51645
IRKUTSK-AS
15
Itheyibhile 1. Ubungakanani be AS ngenani lezimaphambili ezibhengeziweyo
Sisebenzisa i-aggregate yesayizi yendawo yedilesi epapashiweyo njenge-metric ethembekileyo yokuthelekisa ubungakanani benkqubo yokuzimela, emisela amandla ayo kunye nemida enokulinganisa kuyo. Le metric ayisoloko ifanelekile kwi-IPv6 ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo yangoku ye-RIPE NCC IPv6 yonikezelo lweedilesi kunye nokungafuneki okwakhelwe kwiprothokholi.
Kancinci, le meko iya kulungelelaniswa ngokukhula kokusetyenziswa kwe-IPv6 kwicandelo laseRashiya le-Intanethi kunye nophuhliso lweendlela zokusebenza kunye neprotocol ye-IPv6.
Ama-20 aphezulu IPv4
Ama-20 aphezulu IPv6
I-ASN
AS Igama
Inani leedilesi ze-IP
I-ASN
AS Igama
Inani leedilesi ze-IP
8994816
2.76*10^30
2228864
2.06*10^30
1206272
1.43*10^30
1162752
1.35*10^30
872608
1.27*10^30
31200
I-NTK
566272
34241
NCT-AS
1.27*10^30
42610
I-NCNET-AS
523264
202984
Umamkeli weqela
1.27*10^30
25513
I-ASN-MGTS-USPD
414464
12695
I-DINET-AS
9.51*10^29
39927
Ukukhanya-AS
351744
206766
INETTECH1-AS
8.72*10^29
20485
I-TRANSTELECOM
350720
20485
I-TRANSTELECOM
7.92*10^29
8342
I-RTCOMM-AS
350464
12722
RECONN
7.92*10^29
28840
TATTELECOM-AS
336896
47764
mailru-as
7.92*10^29
8369
INTERSVYAZ-AS
326912
44050
I-PIN-AS
7.13*10^29
28812
JSCBIS-AS
319488
45027
INETTECH-AS
7.13*10^29
12332
PRIMORYE-AS
303104
3267
RUNNET
7.13*10^29
20632
UPETERSTAR-AS
284416
34580
UNITLINE_MSK_NET1
7.13*10^29
8615
CNT-AS
278528
25341
LINIYA-AS
7.13*10^29
35807
I-SkyNet-SPB-AS
275968
60252
I-OST-LLC-AS
7.13*10^29
3267
RUNNET
272640
28884
MR-SIB-MTSAS
6.73*10^29
41733
ZTELECOM-AS
266240
42244
ESERVER
6.44*10^29
Itheyibhile 2. Ubungakanani be-AS ngenani leedilesi ze-IP ezipapashiweyo
Zombini ii-metrics-inani lezimaphambili ezipapashiweyo kunye nobukhulu be-aggregate yesithuba sedilesi-zinokuguqulwa. Nangona asizange sibone ukuziphatha okunjalo kwii-AS ezikhankanyiweyo ngexesha lokufunda.
Uqhagamshelwano
Kukho iintlobo ezi-3 eziphambili zobudlelwane phakathi kweenkqubo ezizimeleyo:
β’ Umxhasi: uhlawula enye i-AS yezothutho;
β’ Iqabane loontanga: AS itshintshisa ngeyayo kunye netrafikhi yabathengi simahla;
β’ Umboneleli-nkonzo: ufumana iintlawulo zothutho lwezithuthi kwezinye ii-AS.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi ntlobo zobudlelwane zifana nabaphi na ababoneleli be-Intanethi ababini, abaqinisekiswa kummandla weRussian Federation esiyiqwalaselayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kwenzeka ukuba ii-ISP ezimbini zineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zobudlelwane kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, umzekelo ukwabelana ngokukhululekile eYurophu kodwa ukuba nobudlelwane borhwebo e-Asia.
Ama-20 aphezulu IPv4
Ama-20 aphezulu IPv6
I-ASN
AS Igama
Inani labathengi kwingingqi
I-ASN
AS Igama
Inani labathengi kwingingqi
818
94
667
82
589
77
467
72
313
70
20764
I-RASCOM-AS
223
9049
I-ERTH-TRANSIT-AS
58
9049
I-ERTH-TRANSIT-AS
220
8359
MTS
51
8732
I-COMCOR-AS
170
29076
CITYTELECOM-AS
40
2854
I-ROSPRINT-AS
152
31500
IGLOBALNET-AS
32
29076
CITYTELECOM-AS
143
3267
RUNNET
26
29226
MASTERTEL-AS
143
25478
IKHAYA-NJENGOKO
22
28917
Fiord-AS
96
28917
Fiord-AS
21
25159
SONICDUO-AS
94
199599
I-CIREX
17
3267
RUNNET
93
29226
MASTERTEL-AS
13
31500
IGLOBALNET-AS
87
8732
I-COMCOR-AS
12
13094
SFO-IX-AS
80
35000
PROMETEY
12
31261
I-GARS-AS
80
49063
DTLN
11
25478
IKHAYA-NJENGOKO
78
42861
IFOTONTELECOM
10
12695
I-DINET-AS
76
56534
I-PIRIX-INET-AS
9
8641
NAUKANET-AS
73
48858
Milecom-njengoko
8
Itheyibhile 3. Uqhagamshelwano lwe-AS ngenani labaxumi
Inani labaxumi be-AS enikiweyo libonisa indima yalo njengomboneleli othe ngqo weenkonzo zoqhagamshelo kwi-Intanethi kubathengi borhwebo.
Ama-20 aphezulu IPv4
Ama-20 aphezulu IPv6
I-ASN
AS Igama
Inani lamahlakani angoontanga kwingingqi
I-ASN
AS Igama
Inani lamahlakani angoontanga kwingingqi
638
266
579
201
498
189
497
177
474
176
41268
I-LANTA-AS
432
3267
RUNNET
86
15672
I-TZTELECOM
430
31133
I-MF-MGSM-AS
78
39442
UNICO-AS
424
60764
I-TK-Telecom
74
39087
I-PAKT-AS
422
12389
I-ROSTELECOM-AS
52
199805
UGO-AS
418
42861
IFOTONTELECOM
32
200487
FASTVPS
417
8359
MTS
28
41691
I-SUMTEL-AS-RPE
399
20764
I-RASCOM-AS
26
13094
SFO-IX-AS
388
20485
I-TRANSTELECOM
17
60357
I-MEGAGROUP-AS
368
28917
Fiord-AS
16
41617
I-SOLID-IFC
347
31500
IGLOBALNET-AS
14
51674
Mehanika-AS
345
60388
I-TRANSNEFT-TELECOM-AS
14
49675
SKBKONTUR-AS
343
42385
I-RIPN-RU
13
35539
INFOLINK-T-AS
310
3216
I-SOVAM-AS
12
42861
IFOTONTELECOM
303
49063
DTLN
12
25227
I-ASN-AVANTEL-MSK
301
44843
I-OBTEL-AS
11
Itheyibhile 4. Uqhagamshelwano lwe-AS ngenani lamaqabane oontanga
Inani elikhulu labalingane abalingane linokuphucula kakhulu unxibelelwano lommandla wonke. I-Internet Exchanges (IX) ibalulekile, nangona ingafunwa, apha-i-ISPs enkulu kakhulu ayithathi nxaxheba kutshintshiselwano lwengingqi (kunye nezinto ezimbalwa eziphawulekayo, ezifana ne-NIXI) ngenxa yobume beshishini labo.
Kumnikezeli womxholo, inani labalingane abalingane banokusebenza ngokungathanga ngqo njengesalathisi somthamo wetrafikhi eveliswayo - inkuthazo yokutshintshiselana ngomthamo omkhulu simahla yinto ekhuthazayo (eyaneleyo kuninzi lwababoneleli be-Intanethi bendawo) ukubona umboneleli womxholo. njengomgqatswa ofanelekileyo kumaqabane oontanga. Kukho neemeko ezichaseneyo xa ababoneleli bomxholo bengawuxhasi umgaqo-nkqubo wenani elibalulekileyo loqhagamshelwano lwengingqi, okwenza esi salathisi singachanekanga kakhulu ekuqikeleleni ubungakanani bababoneleli bomxholo, oko kukuthi, umthamo wezithuthi abazenzayo.
Ama-20 aphezulu IPv4
Ama-20 aphezulu IPv6
I-ASN
AS Igama
Ubungakanani bekhowuni yomthengi
I-ASN
AS Igama
Ubungakanani bekhowuni yomthengi
3083
335
2973
219
2587
205
2463
183
2318
166
8359
MTS
2293
3216
I-SOVAM-AS
143
20764
I-RASCOM-AS
2251
8359
MTS
143
9049
I-ERTH-TRANSIT-AS
1407
3267
RUNNET
88
29076
CITYTELECOM-AS
860
29076
CITYTELECOM-AS
84
28917
Fiord-AS
683
28917
Fiord-AS
70
3267
RUNNET
664
9049
I-ERTH-TRANSIT-AS
65
25478
IKHAYA-NJENGOKO
616
31500
IGLOBALNET-AS
54
43727
I-KVANT-TELECOM
476
25478
IKHAYA-NJENGOKO
33
31500
IGLOBALNET-AS
459
199599
I-CIREX
24
57724
I-DDOS-GUARD
349
43727
I-KVANT-TELECOM
20
13094
SFO-IX-AS
294
39134
I-UNITEDNET
20
199599
I-CIREX
290
15835
MAP
15
29226
MASTERTEL-AS
227
29226
MASTERTEL-AS
14
201706
AS-SERVICEPIPE
208
35000
PROMETEY
14
8641
NAUKANET-AS
169
49063
DTLN
13
Itheyibhile 5. Uqhagamshelwano lwe-AS ngokobungakanani bekhowuni yomxhasi
Ikhowuni yomxhasi yiseti yazo zonke ii-AS ezixhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kwinkqubo yokuzimela ekuthethwa ngayo. Ukusuka kumbono wezoqoqosho, i-AS nganye ngaphakathi kwekhoni yomthengi, ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo, umthengi ohlawulayo. Kwinqanaba eliphezulu, inani le-ASes ngaphakathi kwekhoni yomxhasi, kunye nenani labathengi ngokuthe ngqo, luphawu oluphambili lokuxhuma.
Ekugqibeleni, sikulungiselele enye itafile ejonge ukudibanisa kwi-core RuNet. Ngokuqonda isakhiwo se-core connectivity core, ngokusekelwe kwinani labathengi abathe ngqo kunye nobukhulu bekhowuni yabathengi kwi-AS nganye kummandla, sinokubala ukuba zikude kangakanani ukusuka kwi-ISPs enkulu ye-backhaul yengingqi. Okukhona lisezantsi inani, kokukhona liphezulu uqhagamshelwano. "1" ithetha ukuba zonke iindlela ezibonakalayo zinoqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo kumbindi wengingqi.
IPv4 phezulu 20
IPv6 phezulu 20
I-ASN
AS Igama
Ukukala koqhagamshelwano
I-ASN
AS Igama
Ukukala koqhagamshelwano
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.07
1.05
13238
YANDEX
1.1
8470
MAcomnet
1.17
3216
I-SOVAM-AS
1.11
12389
I-ROSTELECOM-AS
1.19
48061
I-GPM-TECH-AS
1.11
41722
I-MIRAN-AS
1.2
31133
I-MF-MGSM-AS
1.11
8359
MTS
1.22
8359
MTS
1.12
60879
IINKQUBO-NJENGOKO
1.25
41268
I-LANTA-AS
1.13
41268
I-LANTA-AS
1.25
9049
I-ERTH-TRANSIT-AS
1.16
44020
I-CLN-AS
1.25
20485
I-TRANSTELECOM
1.18
29226
MASTERTEL-AS
1.25
29076
CITYTELECOM-AS
1.18
44943
RAMNET-AS
1.25
12389
I-ROSTELECOM-AS
1.23
12714
TI-AS
1.25
57629
IVI-RU
1.25
47764
mailru-as
1.25
48297
UMHLA
1.25
44267
IESV
1.25
42632
MNOGOBYTE-AS
1.25
203730
SVIAZINVESTREGION
1.25
44020
I-CLN-AS
1.25
3216
I-SOVAM-AS
1.25
12668
UMANGALISO-NJENGOKO
1.25
24739
EZIQHELEKILEYO-ZOMnxeba
1.29
Itheyibhile 6. Uqhagamshelwano lwe-AS ngomgama ukuya kumbindi woqhagamshelwano lwengingqi
Yintoni enokwenziwa ukuphucula uxhulumaniso ngokubanzi kwaye, ngenxa yoko, uzinzo, ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko lwalo naliphi na ilizwe, iRussian Federation ngokukodwa? Nantsi imilinganiselo embalwa:
- Ukutsalwa kwerhafu kunye nezinye izibonelelo kubasebenzisi basekhaya beendawo zokutshintshiselana ngezithuthi, kunye nokufikelela simahla kuzo;
- I-easement yomhlaba yasimahla okanye ephantsi yokubeka imigca yonxibelelwano yefiber-optic;
- Ukuqhuba iiseshoni zoqeqesho kunye nemfundo kubasebenzi bezobugcisa kwimimandla ekude, kubandakanywa iindibano zocweyo kunye nezinye iifomathi zoqeqesho kwiindlela ezilungileyo zokusebenza zokusebenza ne-BGP. I-RIPE NCC iququzelela ezinye zazo, .
Idatha eboniswe ngasentla isicatshulwa kuphando olwenziwa yiQrator Labs kwinqanaba lesibini kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi ye-Russian Federation (ekwaziwa nangokuthi "i-Runet"), ngokusekelwe kwidatha evulekileyo eqokelelwe kwaye iqhutywe ngaphakathi kweprojekthi. . Unikezelo lwesifundo esipheleleyo sibhengezwa njengocweyo ngaphakathi kwesakhelo se ngoJulayi. Isicelo sedatha efanayo yamacandelo amanye amazwe kunye nemimandla inokuthunyelwa kwidilesi ye-imeyile .
umthombo: www.habr.com