Namhlanje kwi-Intanethi unokufumana amatyala kwiimayini ze-BTC kunye ne-altcoins ngamabali malunga nokusetyenziswa okunenzuzo kwabasebenzi basezimayini be-ASIC. Njengoko izinga lokutshintshiselwa linyuka, inzala kwimigodi ibuya, kwaye ubusika be-crypto bushiye inani elikhulu lezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwimarike yesibini. Ngokomzekelo, e-China, apho iindleko zombane azizange zivumele umntu ukuba athembele kwinzuzo encinci ye-crypto-emissions ekuqaleni konyaka, amawaka ezixhobo ezingabizi zibonakala kwimarike yesibini.
Aba basebenzi basezimayini be-ASIC bathengwa ngobuninzi ngabalamli abanolwazi kwaye ngoku babonelelwa ngobuninzi obukhulu kwimarike yasekhaya yaseTshayina nakwamanye amazwe. Isixa esincomekayo sathengwa ngabasebenzi basezimayini baseTshayina emva kwentwasahlobo. Bambalwa abasebenzisa ii-ASICs rhoqo besiya eRussia.
Abanye oosomashishini be-crypto bakholelwa ukuba, ngokusebenza ngokulinganayo, i-ASIC esetyenzisiweyo ihlawula ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi. Kwinani leemeko ezithile oku kunjalo ngokwenene. Ngelo xesha, kukho iingxelo zeengxaki zokupholisa, ukungaphumeleli ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuncipha kwe-hashrate. Ngezantsi ukusika malunga neenzuzo kunye nobungozi bokusebenzisa izixhobo zemigodi ezisetyenzisiweyo.
Isithuba asinalo ulwazi malunga nenzuzo yemigodi, okanye ukusebenza kakuhle kokusebenzisa izixhobo ezithile kwii-cryptocurrencies zemigodi. Nakuphi na ukukhankanywa kwabavelisi, abaqhubi, amachibi kunye neendaba azihambelani neentengiso kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukucacisa umthombo wolwazi. Ulwazi olukwinqaku luqokelelwa ngokusekelwe kumava omntu, amava oosomashishini kunye neenkampani ezinikezela ngeenkonzo zemigodi yezoshishino, kunye neengxoxo kwiiforamu ezinikezelwe kwi-cryptocurrencies. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kunye nokuxhomekeka kwezinga lotshintshiselwano lwe-cryptocurrency kwimarike, namhlanje akukho nto iqinisekisa inzuzo yotyalo-mali kwimigodi.
Umba wewaranti kunye nemingcipheko enokwenzeka
Kuyaziwa ukuba iwaranti kubasebenzi basezimayini (umzekelo, i-Antminer S9 eyaziwayo evela kwi-Bitmain) phantse ayidluli kwiinyanga ezi-3. Njengomthetho, i-ASIC esetyenzisiweyo isetyenziswe ixesha elide kwaye iphantse yaqinisekiswa ukuba isetyenziswe ngokungayeki. Awudingi ukuba yingcali yobugcisa ukuqonda ukuba iindlela zokusebenza ezinjalo azenzi isixhobo esithembeke ngakumbi. Ukuba iingxaki ezinjalo zenzeka ngesixhobo esitsha, abasebenzisi bakhuselwe ngewaranti. Xa uthenga izixhobo esele zisetyenzisiwe, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuya kufuneka ukhenkceke ngesikhululo sokuthambisa.
Isiqinisekiso asiyonto yehlabathi jikelele, ngakumbi xa ubunzulu bokuxhatshazwa kwabasebenzi basezimayini buphezulu kwaye iimeko zishiya okuninzi. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, oku kukukhusela okwethutyana kwiingxaki ezinokwenzeka kwizigaba zokuqala zokusebenzisa i-ASIC.
Inyaniso yakudala yeyokuba uninzi lweengxaki zezixhobo ze-elektroniki ezintsonkothileyo zenzeka ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kobomi babo. Abaqalayo bahlala benxulunyaniswa neziphene zokuvelisa - iwaranti ikhusela kubo kade, njengomthetho, ibangelwa ukunxiba kunye nokukrazula kwendalo.
Kwakhona kwaziwa ukuba iingxaki zokupholisa, kwaye ngoko ke umngcipheko omkhulu we-chips, zenzeka ngamaxesha angama-4 ngaphantsi kwabasebenzi basezimayini abatsha kunabo basetyenziswayo. Ngelo xesha, i-ASIC entsha inokubuyiselwa phantsi kwewaranti, ngelixa isetyenzisiweyo siya kufuna utyalo-mali ekulungiseni.
Indlela abafa ngayo abasebenzi basezimayini ze-ASIC
Ukuze uqonde ngokucacileyo ukuba yintoni enokwenzeka kubasebenzi basezimayini, ndiphakamisa ukuqwalasela ikhonkco leziganeko ezikhokelela ekungaphumeleli kunye nokuphulwa kwesixhobo.
Njengoko sele kuphawuliwe, okokuqala, umba wokuthembeka uchaphazela kakhulu izinto zomatshini, oko kukuthi ukupholisa. Oku kuququzelelwa ngokukodwa ngokusetyenziswa kumagumbi anothuli, ukungcangcazela rhoqo kweetrasi ezinezixhobo ezibekwe kuzo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwabalandeli abancinci abanobuncwane obuphantsi kunye neempawu ezingazinzanga kuyilo.
Uthuli oluvalekileyo kwimivulo yetekhnoloji, kunye nezihluzi ezikumgangatho ophantsi, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokupholisa, ukwandisa ukukhuhlana ngexesha lokusebenza kwefeni, kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wesixhobo esibamba umlilo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwizinto zebhodi. Xa iqondo lobushushu chips inyuka ukuya kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo (115 degrees Celsius), ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo unako delaminate, nto leyo ekhokelela ukusilela ngokupheleleyo hashboard.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba abavelisi bahlala bebonelela ngeechips ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngokukhawuleza emva kokukhululwa kwee-ASICs. Xa isixhobo sithandwa, umgangatho we-chips uyancipha. Ewe kwiforum abasebenzisi Umahluko kwii-chips zabasebenzi basezimayini be-Antminer S9 abadumileyo, abathi, ngokutsho kwabasebenzisi, baxhotyiswe ngeetshiphusi ezithembekileyo kude kube ngoNovemba ka-2017.
Iingcali zobuchwephesha ezivela kwi-BitCluster, inkampani enkulu yaseRashiya yokubamba, ebeka iliso kwizixhobo kwiihotele zemigodi yenkampani, zichonga iintlobo ezi-2 zokuthotywa kwe-chip ngenxa yokuvezwa kwiqondo lokushisa kunye nokungcangcazela - ukutshiswa (ikakhulukazi umonakalo we-thermal kwi-chip ngendlela yokunyibilika. wetyala) kunye nokulahla (ikakhulukazi umonakalo womatshini kwi-chip ngendlela yokutshatyalaliswa kwezindlu ze-microcircuit, i-delamination). Iinjineli zithi zidibana nale nto rhoqo xa zisebenzisa ii-ASIC ezisetyenzisiweyo ezisebenze ixesha elide emva kokuba ixesha lewaranti liphelile. Kwangaxeshanye, abasebenzi-mgodini abatsha abafane babe neengxaki ezinjalo.
Usomashishini we-Crypto u-Andrey Kopytov waseSt. Ngokombono wakhe, ii-microcircuits ezinengxaki zingabonwa ngaphambi kokuba zingaphumeleli ngexesha lovavanyo. Ukholelwa ukuba ngaphambi kokungaphumeleli, i-hashrate ye-chips ezinengxaki yehla ngokukhawuleza, enokuthi ingaqatshelwa xa kuhlolwa i-hashrate iyonke ukuba isixhobo sigqithisiwe.
Indala endaweni entsha
NgoJuni malunga neskimu sobuqhophololo esijolise ekukhohliseni abo bathenga abasebenzi basezimayini abatsha. Ngokopapasho lwe-intanethi, kwiinyanga ezininzi imfuno yabasebenzi basezimayini ikhule ngokukhawuleza kwaye i-Antminer S9, S9i kunye ne-S9j ziye zathandwa kakhulu. Ngoko ke kukholelwa ukuba i-S9 esele ikhankanyiwe ibaluleke kakhulu namhlanje kwi-S9j yokuguqulwa kwe-14,5 TH / s, ixabiso layo li malunga ne-33-35 lamawaka eeruble.
Ingundoqo yeskimu kukuba i-Antminer S9 ebonakalayo engabonakaliyo kunye nokusebenza kwe-13,5 TH / s ithengiswa phantsi kwe-S9j entsha kunye ne-14,5 TH / s, emva kokuqala ukuphinda unamathele izitikha kumzimba wesixhobo kunye neebhodi ze-hashi. Ukwandisa ingeniso, abakhohlisi badla ngokusebenzisa abasebenzi basemgodini abadala, abasele bekhulile, bebacoca ngothuli ngaphambi kokuba bancamathisele. Ngokufumana imodeli engaphantsi kwemveliso endaweni ethembisayo, usomashishini we-crypto othenge i-ASIC enjalo ngokuzenzekelayo ubeka umngcipheko wokudibana neechips ezitshisiweyo.
Idatha ethembekileyo malunga nesixhobo inokufumaneka ngokujonga iinombolo ze-serial, ezingahlali ziqhutyelwa ngumntu wonke. Kukho enye indlela - ukulinganisa i-hashrate yokwenyani. Uvavanyo nge-firmware alufane lunike iziphumo, kuba isoftwe ihlala iguqulwa ibe ntsha. Ngokubonakalayo, ujongano lomsebenzisi ayahlukanga kulowo womayini omtsha. Le firmware ibonisa idatha yedatha yomsebenzisi ("jakes" kunye ne "ikes") kwi-interface yewebhu. Kwangaxeshanye, izibalo zokwenyani zahluke kakhulu kwezo zomgunyathi.
Enye inketho kukugqithisa. Abavukuzi abagqithisiweyo banokuthengiswa njengabatsha + okanye abadala. Inyani yeyokuba isixhobo sisekwe kubasebenzi basezimayini kunye neetshiphusi ezininzi ezitshisiweyo. Ngoncedo lwe-firmware, ii-chips ezitshisiweyo azibandakanyi kwisekethe, kwaye ezinye zigqithisekile. Ngenxa yoko, ukuguga kunye nokukrazula kweetshiphusi eziseleyo (ngokuyintloko ngenxa yobushushu) kwandisa amaxesha amaninzi ngaphezulu - ukupholisa kuhlala kusemgangathweni kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha iitshiphusi eziseleyo nazo ziyavutha.
Abakhohlisi abane-glued kunye ne-overclocked ASICs bahlala bebanjwe kwi-Avito kunye nezinye iiplani zokurhweba. Kukho iivenkile ezininzi zaseTshayina naseRashiya ezithengisa "izitikha". Ngokutsho kweforklog, eMoscow kuphela kukho iindawo ezi-5 zobuqhetseba ezithengisa izixhobo ezinjalo.
Ukhuseleko lokuthenga
Ngokusisiseko, akunamsebenzi ukuba yeyiphi i-ASIC ogqiba ukuyithenga. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba intsha okanye isetyenzisiwe, xa uthenga, kufuneka ulandele ngokungqongqo imithetho ethile. Masibabize ngokwesiqhelo "Indlela elula yokuthenga umgodi we-ASIC kwaye ungakhohliswa":
- Ukuqinisekiswa okunyanzelekileyo kweenombolo ze-serial kwibhodi yesixhobo;
- Ukuphelisa izixhobo ezinexabiso eliphantsi ngokukrokrayo;
- Ukwenza uvavanyo lwehashrate yokwenyani;
- Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kobukho bothuli (ngokukodwa kwiindawo apho kunzima ukususa);
- Ukujonga ukusebenza komatshini, ukusebenza okuchanekileyo kokupholisa, ukusebenza kwe-thermal (ingxolo yefeni, nokuba ye-minener esetyenzisiweyo, akufanele idlule ixabiso elibhengeziweyo, ubushushu besixhobo kufuneka buzinzile kwaye ngaphakathi koluhlu oluqhelekileyo oluchazwe kwinkcazo.
Ii-firmwares ezizezinye nazo zifunwa kakhulu. Umzekelo, isoftware eyahlukeneyo yesiko enokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Amabali amalunga ne-overclocking ebalulekileyo ngaphandle kwesongelo esibalulekileyo kwisixhobo kufuneka athathwe njengento engafanelekanga yomthengisi okanye njengobuxoki ngamabomu.
Yintoni onokuyenza ukuba iitshiphusi ziyatsha?
Abaninzi abashishini be-crypto abanamava batusa ukuba xa kuthengwa inani elikhulu labasebenzi basezimayini, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwesikhululo se-soldering kunye ne-hashplat tester kwangaphambili. Ezi zixhobo, ezinolwazi oluncinci kunye nezandla zenqanaba (ezakho okanye ingcali), ziya kukuvumela ukuba uchonge ngokukhawuleza iitshiphusi ezinengxaki kwaye uzibuyisele ezisebenzayo. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwiimeko apho umnini aziqhelanisa ne-overclocking.
Iingcali zobuchwepheshe ezivela kwiihotele zemigodi zithi esona sizathu "sokufa" kweechips kukusebenza ngokungafanelekanga. Ngaphakathi ehotele, ukulungiswa kunokwenziwa ziinjineli ezivela kwiziko ledatha yezemigodi, okanye ziingcali ezinobuchule eziziswe ngaphandle. Ngamanye amaxesha unokufumana ukuphononongwa kwi-intanethi malunga nokutshintshela ngokulula ukusuka kumgodi "womnikeli". Kodwa le nkqubo ayibonakali icetyiswa kumaxabiso eetshiphusi ezintsha.
Isiphumo
Inzuzo ephambili yee-ASIC ezintsha xa kuthelekiswa nezisetyenzisiweyo yiwaranti. Xa isetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo, ikhusela umniniyo ekufeni ngokukhawuleza kwezixhobo okanye izinto zayo. Inzuzo ephambili yee-ASIC ezisetyenzisiweyo lixabiso. Ukuba ubomi babo benkonzo abuphelelwanga kwaye baqhutywe phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, banomsebenzi olinganayo nomtsha. Kodwa kwimeko yeengxaki zobuchwepheshe, akufanele uthembele kwiwaranti (ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezithengiswayo ngexesha lewaranti).
Ukuqukumbela, akuyi kuba yinto engafanelekanga ukuphinda imigaqo esisiseko yokuthengwa ngokukhuselekileyo komsebenzi-mgodini. Xa uthenga nayiphi na i-ASIC, kufuneka ukhangele iinombolo ze-serial ebhodini, ulinganise i-hashrate, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, sebenzisa i-hashplate tester. Kuya kufuneka ulumke kwiimeko ezine-firmware yesiko elingaqhelekanga, kwaye uqaphele kakhulu ngezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo ezinothuli. Njengesiqhelo, ndiya kuba nombulelo ngamagqabantshintshi ngesihloko kunye naziphi na izongezo eziluncedo kwizinto eziphathekayo.
Kubalulekile!
Ii-asethi ze-Crypto, ezibandakanya i-Bitcoin, ziguquguquka kakhulu (amaxabiso azo atshintsha rhoqo kwaye abukhali); Ke ngoko, naluphi na utyalo-mali kwi-cryptocurrency oku kuyingozi enkulu. Ndiya kuncoma kakhulu utyalo-mali kwi-cryptocurrency kunye nemigodi kuphela kwabo bantu bazizityebi kangangokuba ukuba balahlekelwa yi-investment yabo abayi kuziva imiphumo yentlalo. Ungaze utyale imali yakho yokugqibela, ugcino lwakho lokugqibela olubalulekileyo, ii-asethi zosapho lwakho olunyiniweyo kuyo nantoni na, kubandakanya i-cryptocurrencies.
Iifoto ezisetyenzisiweyo:
umthombo: www.habr.com