Molweni nonke! Ikhosi iqala namhlanje , ngokunxulumene nesibambe iwebhu yewebhu ehambelanayo enikezelwe kuphononongo lwe-ELB. Sijonge kwiindidi zabalinganisi kwaye senza iimeko ezininzi ze-EC2 kunye ne-balancer. Siye safunda neminye imizekelo yokusetyenziswa.
, Uza ku:
- qonda ukuba yintoni i-AWS Load Balancing;
- ukwazi iintlobo ze-Elastic Load Balancer kunye namacandelo ayo;
- sebenzisa i-AWS ELB ekusebenzeni kwakho.
Kutheni kufuneka ukwazi oku konke konke?
- luncedo ukuba uceba ukuthatha iimviwo zesiqinisekiso se-AWS;
- le yindlela elula yokuhambisa umthwalo phakathi kwabancedisi;
- Le yindlela elula yokongeza iLambda kwinkonzo yakho (ALB).
Uqhube isifundo esivulelekileyo , injineli yeenkqubo kwinkampani yokuthengisa yophuhliso lwewebhusayithi kunye nenkxaso.
Intshayelelo
Yintoni i-Elastic Load Balancer inokubonwa kulo mzobo ungezantsi, obonisa umzekelo olula:
Isilinganisi sokuLayisha samkela izicelo kwaye sisasazeke kuzo zonke iimeko. Sinomzekelo omnye owahlukileyo, kukho imisebenzi yeLambda kwaye kukho iqela le-AutoScaling (iqela labancedisi).
Iintlobo ze-AWS ELB
1. Makhe sijonge kwiindidi eziphambili:
Classic Load Balancer. I-balancer yomthwalo wokuqala kakhulu ukusuka kwi-AWS, isebenza kuzo zombini i-OSI Layer 4 kunye ne-7, exhasa i-HTTP, i-HTTPS, i-TCP kunye ne-SSL. Ibonelela ngomthwalo osisiseko wokulinganisa kuwo onke amaxesha amaninzi e-Amazon EC2 kwaye isebenza kuzo zombini izicelo kunye namanqanaba onxibelelwano. Masiyivule (iboniswe ngwevu):
Lo mlinganiso uthathwa njengophelelwe lixesha, ngoko ke kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe kuphela kwiimeko ezithile. Umzekelo, kwizicelo ezakhiwe kuthungelwano lwe-EC2βClassic. Ngokomgaqo, akukho mntu usithintelayo ekudaleni:
2. Network Load Balancer. Ifanelekile kwimithwalo enzima yomsebenzi, isebenza kwi-OSI Layer 4 (inokusetyenziswa kwi-EKS kunye ne-ECS), i-TCP, i-UDP kunye ne-TLS zixhaswa.
I-Network Load Balancer ihambisa i-traffic kwiithagethi kwi-Amazon VPC kwaye iyakwazi ukucubungula izigidi zezicelo ngomzuzwana kunye ne-ultra-low latency. Ukongeza, ilungiselelwe ukuphatha iipatheni zendlela ngequbuliso kunye nokutshintsha kwemithwalo.
3. Isicelo sokuLawulwa kweBalancer. Isebenza kwinqanaba lesi-7, inenkxaso yeLambda, ixhasa i-header kunye nemithetho yenqanaba lendlela, ixhasa i-HTTP kunye ne-HTTPS.
Ibonelela ngendlela yesicelo ephucukileyo ejolise ekuhambiseni izicelo ezakhiwe kulwakhiwo lwangoku, kubandakanywa iinkonzo ezincinci kunye nezikhongozeli. Iqondisa i-traffic kwiithagethi kwi-Amazon VPC ngokusekelwe kumxholo wesicelo.
Kubasebenzisi abaninzi, i-Application Load Balancer yayilukhetho lokuqala lokutshintsha i-Classic Load Balancer, kuba i-TCP ayiqhelekanga njenge-HTTP.
Masiyidale nayo, ngenxa yoko siya kuba sele sinezilinganisi ezimbini zomthwalo:
Layisha iBalance Components
Amacandelo aBalance Load aqhelekileyo (iqhelekile kubo bonke abalinganisi):
- Ukufikelela kuMgaqo-nkqubo wokuLoga
- iilogi zakho zokufikelela kwi-ELB. Ukwenza useto, ungaya kwiNkcazelo kwaye ukhethe iqhosha elithi "Hlela iimpawu":
Emva koko sichaza i-S3Bucket-indawo yokugcina into yeAmazon:
- Scheme
- ibhalansi yangaphakathi okanye yangaphandle. Inqaku lelokuba ingaba iLoadBalancer yakho kufuneka ifumane iidilesi zangaphandle ukuze ifikeleleke ngaphandle, okanye ingaba sisilinganisi sakho sangaphakathi somthwalo;
- Amaqela oKhuseleko
β ulawulo lofikelelo kumlinganisi. Ngokusisiseko esi sisixhobo somlilo esikwinqanaba eliphezulu.
- Iminatha engaphantsi
- ii-subnets ngaphakathi kweVPC yakho (kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, indawo yokufumaneka). Ii-subnets zicacisiwe ngexesha lokudalwa. Ukuba ii-VPCs zikhawulelwe ngummandla, ke ii-Subnets zikhawulelwe ngeendawo ezifumanekayo. Xa udala i-Balancer yoMlayisho, kungcono ukuyidala ubuncinane kwii-subnets ezimbini (inceda ukuba iingxaki zivela kunye noMmandla wokuFumana omnye);
- Abaphulaphuli
- iiprothokholi zakho zokulinganisa. Njengoko kukhankanywe ngaphambili, kwi-Classic Load Balancer ingaba yi-HTTP, i-HTTPS, i-TCP kunye ne-SSL, ye-Network Load Balancer - i-TCP, i-UDP kunye ne-TLS, ye-Application Load Balancer - i-HTTP kunye ne-HTTPS.
Umzekelo weSilinganisi sokuLawulwa sakudala:
Kodwa kwiSicelo soMlayisho weBalancer sibona ujongano olwahluke kancinane kunye nengqiqo eyahlukileyo ngokubanzi:
Layisha iBalancer v2 amacandelo (ALB kunye ne-NLB)
Ngoku makhe sijonge ngakumbi kwi-2 ye-balancers ye-Application Load Balancer kunye ne-Network Load Balancer. Ezi zilinganisi zineenkalo zazo zecandelo. Umzekelo, ingcamango efana neThagethi yaMaqela yavela - iimeko (kunye nemisebenzi). Enkosi kweli candelo, sinethuba lokucacisa ukuba yeyiphi kuMaqela ekuJoliswe kuwo esifuna ukuhambisa izithuthi kuwo.
Ngamagama alula, kumaQela ekuJoliswe kuwo sicacisa iimeko apho i-traffic iza kufika. Ukuba kwi-Balancer yoMlayisho ofanayo uvele uqhagamshele ukuqina kwisilinganisi, emva koko kwiSicelo sokuLawulwa kweBalancer kuqala:
- yenza isilinganisi somthwalo;
- yenza iqela ekujoliswe kulo;
- ngqo ngokusebenzisa amazibuko afunekayo okanye imigaqo yoLayisho lweBalancer ukuya kumaQela ekuJoliswe kuwo;
- kumaqela ekujoliswe kuwo unika imizekelo.
Le logic yokusebenza ingabonakala inzima ngakumbi, kodwa eneneni ilunge ngakumbi.
Icandelo elilandelayo li Umphulaphuli ulawula (imigaqo yomzila). Oku kusebenza kuphela kwi-Application Load Balancer. Ukuba kwiNetwork Load Balancer wenza ngokulula uMphulaphuli, kwaye ithumela itrafikhi kwiqela elithile ekujoliswe kulo, ngoko kwiSicelo sokuLawulwa kweBalancer yonke into. .
Ngoku makhe sithethe amagama ambalwa malunga necandelo elilandelayo - Elastic IP (iidilesi ezimileyo ze-NLB). Ukuba uMphulaphuli ulawula imigaqo yomzila echaphazela kuphela iSicelo sokuLawulwa kweBalancer, i-Elastic IP ichaphazele kuphela iNethiwekhi yokuLawulwa kweBalancer.
Masenze i-Network Load Balancer:
Kwaye kanye ngexesha lenkqubo yokudala siya kubona ukuba sinikwe ithuba lokukhetha i-Elastic IP:
I-Elastic IP ibonelela ngedilesi ye-IP enye enokuthi inxulunyaniswe neemeko ezahlukeneyo zeEC2 ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ukuba umzekelo we-EC2 unedilesi ye-IP ye-Elastic kwaye loo mzekelo uphelisiwe okanye umisiwe, ungadibanisa ngoko nangoko umzekelo omtsha we-EC2 kunye nedilesi ye-IP ye-Elastic. Nangona kunjalo, isicelo sakho sangoku asiyi kuyeka ukusebenza, kuba izicelo zisabona idilesi ye-IP efanayo, nokuba i-EC2 yokwenyani itshintshile.
Apha kwisihloko sokuba kutheni i-Elastic IP iyadingeka. Jonga, sibona iidilesi ze-IP ezi-3, kodwa aziyi kuhlala apha ngonaphakade:
I-Amazon iyayitshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha, mhlawumbi yonke imizuzwana ye-60 (kodwa ekusebenzeni, ngokuqinisekileyo, ngaphantsi rhoqo). Oku kuthetha ukuba iidilesi ze-IP zinokutshintsha. Kwaye kwimeko ye-Network Load Balancer, unokubopha nje idilesi ye-IP kwaye uyibonise kwimithetho yakho, imigaqo-nkqubo, njl.
Zoba izigqibo
I-ELB inikeza ukuhanjiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwe-traffic engenayo kwiithagethi ezininzi (iziqulatho, iimeko ze-Amazon EC2, iidilesi ze-IP, kunye nemisebenzi yeLambda). I-ELB inako ukusasaza i-traffic ngemithwalo eyahluka-hlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwendawo enye yokuFumana kunye nakwiiNdawo ezininzi zokuFumana. Umsebenzisi unokukhetha kwiintlobo ezintathu ze-balancers ezibonelela ngokufumaneka okuphezulu, i-autoscaling, kunye nokukhusela okulungileyo. Konke oku kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukunyamezela iimpazamo kwizicelo zakho.
Iingenelo eziphambili:
- ukufumaneka okuphezulu. Isivumelwano senkonzo sithatha i-99,99% yokufumaneka komlinganisi womthwalo. Ngokomzekelo, iiNdawo zokuFumana ezininzi ziqinisekisa ukuba i-traffic icutshungulwa kuphela ngezinto eziphilileyo. Enyanisweni, unokulinganisa umthwalo kuwo wonke ummandla, uhambisa kwakhona i-traffic kwiithagethi eziphilileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokufumaneka;
- ukhuseleko. I-ELB isebenza kunye ne-Amazon VPC, inikezela ngezakhono ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko - ulawulo lwesatifikethi oludibeneyo, ukuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi, kunye ne-SSL / TLS decryption. Zonke zizonke zibonelela ngolawulo olusembindini noluguquguqukayo lwezicwangciso zeTLS;
- luthambe. I-ELB inokusingatha utshintsho ngokukhawuleza kwi-traffic yenethiwekhi. Kwaye ukuhlanganiswa okunzulu kunye ne-Auto Scalling kunika isicelo izixhobo ezaneleyo ukuba umthwalo uyatshintsha, ngaphandle kokufuna ungenelelo lwezandla;
- bhetyebhetye. Ungasebenzisa iidilesi ze-IP ukuhambisa izicelo kwiithagethi zezicelo zakho. Oku kubonelela ngokuguquguquka xa kusenziwa ngokubonakalayo izicelo ekujoliswe kuzo, ngaloo ndlela kunika amandla okusingatha izicelo ezininzi kumzekelo omnye. Ekubeni izicelo zingasebenzisa i-port yenethiwekhi enye kwaye ibe namaqela okhuseleko ahlukeneyo, unxibelelwano phakathi kwezicelo lwenziwa lula xa sinokuthi, i-microservices-based architecture;
- ukubeka esweni nophicotho. Unokubeka esweni usetyenziso ngexesha lokwenyani usebenzisa amanqaku eAmazon CloudWatch. Sithetha ngeemetrics, iilogi, ukulandelwa kwesicelo. Ngamagama alula, uya kuba nakho ukuchonga iingxaki kwaye uchonge imiqobo yokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo;
- ulungelelaniso lomthwalo oxutyiweyo. Ukukwazi ukulayisha ibhalansi phakathi kwezixhobo zokusebenza kunye ne-AWS usebenzisa i-balancer yomthwalo ofanayo yenza kube lula ukufuduka okanye ukwandisa usetyenziso lwendawo kwilifu. Ukuphathwa kokusilela kwenziwe lula kusetyenziswa ilifu.
Ukuba unomdla kwiinkcukacha, nanga amanye amakhonkco aluncedo avela kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeAmazon:
- .
umthombo: www.habr.com